The connection between music and language has been studied extensively, and teachers have used music successfully in their classrooms for decades. There are many studies from the experts below that prove the positive effects of music on learning.
Seeman found that a music education involvement increased receptive language and phonemic(音位)awareness in students at an at-risk early childhood program.
Wallace found that the cognitive(认知的)processing of music and language may also in-crease language achievement. Memory is an important aspect of language learning, and many studies have linked musical support with improved recall of vocabulary for example.
Fisher’s study compared language learning differences between classrooms that used large amounts of music while teaching and non-music classrooms. Overall, the students that had been assigned to the musical classrooms overcame those students from non-musical classrooms on all tests with regards to their language achievement. Fisher concluded that actively using music in class is an effective means of increasing student language performance.
Ludke, Ferreira and Overy found that the “listen-and-sing” learning method can improve word-for-word memory for phrases in the target language, even after only a brief 15-minute learning period. Use music to introduce or review new words and concepts. Use repeat of songs to help students recognize vocabulary and phrases in cloze activities.
Music does more than just assist students with speaking. It has a way of capturing every-thing about a culture and their language. Music inspires students’ interest in the people and places of the language they are studying. As teachers, we can use music to offer insights into a culture’s worldview and history.
Finally, use it to build community. Connect with your students by learning about their music tastes, and getting to know them on an emotional level. Music is a way for them to learn about you and for you to learn about them. And incorporating music helps use to create a sense of community.
1. What do the experts’ theories have in common?A.Music helps in language study. | B.Music can relax all the students. |
C.Music makes students more active. | D.Music improves teaching concepts. |
A.Reading skills. | B.Listening ability. |
C.Vocabulary memory. | D.Language pronunciation. |
A.Improve their imagination. | B.Give them more satisfaction. |
C.Develop their creativity in science. | D.Increase their awareness of the world. |
A.Several experts in school language teaching |
B.Positive effects of music on language learning |
C.The cultural and national backgrounds of music |
D.Ways to develop students’ musical taste and sense |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】There’s a world of difference between a horror movie and a comedy -- the former scares you half to death while the latter leaves you rolling on the floor laughingly. But try watching them without the background music and you just might decide they’re not so different after all. Music and movies have been closely connected since the beginning of the film industry--even before the voices of actors were recorded. In movies, music helps to provide a sense of time and place, express ideas about the characters and, most importantly, draw emotions out of the audience.
Studies have long shown that our heart rates and anxiety levels rise and fall depending on the speed of the music we hear. Using this knowledge, composers use sudden changes in film music speed to create fear among audiences. Slowing the speed of the music will have the opposite effect, bringing about a sense of peace or a dreamlike quality. The use of dissonant tones and noises is another technique that heightens tension. Humans naturally become anxious when we hear dissonant sounds because such noises are usually combined with danger, like those that animals make to warn against predators(捕食者).
As important as it is, the best film music is subtle. All that audiences are supposed to feel is a heightened sense of emotion--they shouldn’t realize what’s causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects.
In keeping with this principle, some filmmakers are even using what’s called “infrasound”(次声波) to cause fear. While we may not be able to hear it because its frequency(频率) is below the range of the human ear, infrasound has been proven to cause anxiety, tremble and even sorrow. For example, infrasound was used in the soundtrack of the 2007 horror movie Paranormal Activity, and audiences were at extremely high fear levels despite the lack of action throughout the movie. “It doesn’t affect everyone equally,” said British science writer Philip Ball, author of The Music Instinct, but he predicted that “we will see more of it used in movies in the future.”
1. What is the difference between a horror movie and a comedy?A.Their history. | B.Their time and place. |
C.Their actors. | D.Their background music. |
A.The theme of the music. |
B.The slow speed of the music. |
C.The unexpected change of the music. |
D.The knowledge of the music. |
A.Gentle. | B.Wonderful. |
C.Not immediately attractive. | D.Not extremely obvious. |
A.It can’t be known to people. |
B.It makes audiences relaxed. |
C.It may be used more in movies in the future. |
D.It is within the range of the human ear. |
Beijing
Youth choir to perform
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/4/7/1578865887977472/1578865888051200/STEM/7d6ea874abdf4ea196838c50b940263d.png)
The youth choir of China National Symphony Orchestra will soon perform classics including the Mexican folk song, The Golden Nightingale, and the Blue Danube, adapted from a waltz by Johann Strauss II. Pianists Zhao Lin and Wang Tianyang will join in the show.
7:30 pm, Jan 23. Forbidden City Concert Hall, inside Zhongshan Park, west of Tian'anmen Square, Xicheng district. 010-6559-8285.
Orchestra recitals
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/4/7/1578865887977472/1578865888051200/STEM/e1c1a59c88b24df9893399de8971d1d3.png)
The China National Center for the Performing Arts Orchestra led by conductor Lyu Jia will give two recitals, featuring works including Beethoven's Coriolanus Overture and Mozart's Symphonies No 40 & No 41 Jupiter. Cellist Wang Jian will join in the performances, playing Schumann's Cello Concerto in A minor, Op 129 and Saint-Saens' Cello Concerto No 1 in A minor, Op 33.
7:30 pm, Jan 15; 2:30 pm, Jan 16. China National Center for the Performing Arts, No 2 West Chang'an Avenue, Xicheng District. 010-6655-0000.
Ballet from Paris
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/4/7/1578865887977472/1578865888051200/STEM/101dda5570ca4ae39b8cc0ae24c431a9.png)
Paris Opera Ballet will present two gala performances in the city. Besides highlights of classical ballet, such as Swan Lake and Manon, the program will also include modern pieces from the company's repertoire. The leading etoiles are Ludmila Pagliero and Karl Paquette.
7:15 pm, Jan 15-16. Shanghai Oriental Art Center, 425 Dingxiang Road, Pudong district. 021-6854-1234.
Ensemble of swans
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/4/7/1578865887977472/1578865888051200/STEM/fa11152e6dcd44be9ec544f6ba898cf1.png)
Shanghai Ballet will present two performances of Swan Lake. The production choreographed by British artist Derek Deane has just completed a tour in 26 cities of the Netherlands. The spectacular production features an ensemble of 48 dancers.
7:15 pm, Jan 22-23. Shanghai Grand Theater, 300 Renmin Avenue, Huangpu district. 400-106-8686.
1. If you only spare some time in the afternoon, you can enjoy ________.
A.Beethoven's Coriolanus Overture |
B.Classical ballet Manon |
C.The Golden Nightingale |
D.Classical ballet Swan Lake |
A.Pianists | B.ballet performers |
C.cellists | D.violinists |
A.Forbidden City Concert Hall and China National Center |
B.Forbidden City Concert Hall Shanghai Grand Theater |
C.Shanghai Oriental Art Center and Shanghai Grand Theater |
D.China National Center and Shanghai Oriental Art Center |
【推荐3】My violin is like a soul mate that whispers words of wisdom to me. Together, we've gone through both tears and happiness.
About 12 years ago, I knew it following an order from my mom. Many hours of boredom were spent practicing it. And to make things worse, the disappointment in my teacher's eyes as I played the wrong notes was like an invisible hammer, striking on my heart. One day, I finally decided: I hate it!
By chance, things changed when I was seven. I was at home lying on the sofa, wondering how those famous violinists dealt with this terrible dilemma. I searched online for the E-minor Concerto, a well-known violin work by German composer Felix Mendelssohn, and listened to it.
A beautiful and mysterious sound came from the violin as the bow (琴弓) moved across it. It was like the music slid over the flowers, rose up, and started to fill the air. The violin's voice woke up the sun, made the trees green, and freshened the air. As the music changed, the sky turned back to gray. A gloomy shade covered the grass as all the sunshine disappeared. I could hear children crying and men shouting. It was like an invisible claw had grabbed my heart tightly, making it unable to beat.
That glorious day set off my passion and, interest in violin—I grabbed mine and never let it go. Before the memories faded, I stared at my instrument. Without hesitating, I picked it up, rosined the bow, and began to play. Peace filled my heart.
My violin has been by my side for 12 years. When I feel happy, an energetic tune makes it even better; when I'm deep in sorrow, a peaceful tune washes it away, when I'm walking on air, feeling especially pleased with my achievements, solemn tunes calm me down. Gradually, it has become a part of my life.
My violin, shall I compare you to a summer's day?
1. What further led to the author's dislike of violin-playing?A.Orders from Mum. | B.Boredom of practice. |
C.Disappointment in the teacher's eyes. | D.Loss of passion for violin. |
A.The author's feeling was continuously influenced by the music. |
B.The weather actually changed because of the tune. |
C.The sudden change made the author's heart unable to beat. |
D.The scenery outside the room was quite attractive. |
A.The invisible hammer and claw are gone. |
B.The beautiful imagination changed his attitude. |
C.A famous tune aroused his interest and passion. |
D.He was crazy about Felix Mendelssohn's works. |
A.Musical soul mate—violin. | B.My dislike and like of violin. |
C.An inspiring story of violin. | D.Deep love for music. |
【推荐1】If we want to know where our capability for complex language came from, we need to look at how our brains are different from other animals. This relates to more than just brain size. It is important to know what other things our brains can do and when and why they evolved that way. One thing we can see in the remains of early humans,is the development of the mouth, throat and tongue, which allowed language to evolve.
At some point, our brains became able to make our mouths produce vowel and consonant sounds, and we developed the capacity to invent words to name things around us. These were the basic ingredients for complex language. The next change would have been to put those words into sentences. However, no one knows if the next step — adding grammar to signal past, present and future, for example, or plurals and relative clauses — required a further development in the human brain or was simply a response to our increasingly civilized way of living together.
Between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, we start to see the evidence of early human civilization through cave paintings, though no one knows the connection between this and language. However, human brains did get bigger at this period. Moreover, humans did become more complex and more intelligent. Was it using language that caused their brains to develop, so that human could produce cave paintings? Or did their more complex brains start producing language? It was not clear yet.
More questions lie in looking at the influence of genetics on brain and language development. Are there genes that mutated (突变) and gave us language ability? Researchers have found a gene mutation that occurred between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, which seems to have a connection with speaking and how our brains control our mouths and faces. Monkeys have a similar gene, but it did not undergo this mutation. It’s too early to say how much influence genes have on language, but one day the answers might be found in our DNA.
1. Which factor contributes to the development of language ?A.The development of the human brain. |
B.The complexity of the language structure. |
C.The connection between diet and mutation. |
D.The similarity between humans and monkeys. |
A.The invention of grammar. | B.The response to living together. |
C.The requirement of civilization. | D.The development of the mouth. |
A.To introduce a new topic about genetics. |
B.To make a summary about the connection. |
C.To present question about language and civilization. |
D.To clear a misunderstanding about language development. |
A.Unclear. | B.Positive. | C.Doubtful. | D.Indifferent. |
【推荐2】For hundreds of years, scientists learned about the brain by observing people recovering from injuries. Many with an injury on the left side of the brain had problems understanding or using words. From this, doctors reasoned that the left brain must manage speech and language. They didn’t know, though, if speech and language centers were on this side in everyone. The finding of a new study may be able to tell the answer.
In the new study, researchers used fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) to watch brains in action as 39 children and 14 adults tried to understand sentences. Each fMRI scan (扫描) produced many pictures of the brain. Patches of color in each image highlighted which parts of the brain were getting the most blood. This is a sign that they were turned on and active.
To the researchers’ surprise, the left side of the brain was not the only part that was turned on in the children. Both sides became active when they tried to understand a sentence. That activity in the right brain started to fall in children who were older. By age 19, no activity showed up on the right. All speech-and-language processing now was taking place only on the left. The move from two-sided to one-sided language processing takes place gradually. It starts around the time we learn to talk.
Elissa Newport, who led the study, finds it exciting that children have speech centers on both sides of their brains. “If both sides of their brains can pitch in, this may also explain why left-brain injuries often are not as damaging in young children as in adults,” said she.
Children process language like “mental switch-hitters”. So, the next time you think your parents or older siblings (兄弟姐妹) don’t understand you, give them a break. They could be using just a smaller part of their brains.
1. What used to confuse the scientists according to Paragraph 1?A.Where the speech and language center is. |
B.What is the main reason for brain injuries. |
C.How to help a child master speech and language. |
D.Whether everyone’s left brain is in charge of speech and language. |
A.By drawing pictures of brains. | B.By highlighting different signs. |
C.By reading examination results. | D.By studying the blood samples. |
A.Younger children need less time to understand a sentence. |
B.Children use both sides of the brain for language processing. |
C.The right side of the brain is less important than the left side. |
D.The right side of the brain gradually becomes inactive after birth. |
A.Get involved. | B.Get damaged. |
C.Be examined. | D.Be recognized. |
【推荐3】The crocodile (鳄鱼) is an amazing animal. Why are they amazing? Crocodiles are experts at survival. Scientists say they first appeared 200 million years ago and have lived longer than the dinosaurs by some 65 million years. One reason why they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters! They use their strong jaws to bite their prey (猎物) and then they swallow food whole. Another amazing fact about crocodiles is: When they lose a tooth, they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000 teeth in one lifetime!
While these facts are interesting, they really do not help to explain today’s expression: crocodile tears. Simply put, crocodile tears are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel bad or something when in fact you could not care less. A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere.
The expression “crocodile tears” comes from an old story that crocodiles would cry tears as a fake show of guilt or sorrow to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner. We know now that the story is not true. Scientists explain that crocodiles do produce tears. That is because while eating, they swallow too much air; which gets in touch with lachrymal glands (glands that produce tears) and forces tears to flow. But they’re not actually crying. Crying is purely emotional and is reserved for us humans.
When you use it, take some advice. You do not have to have actual tears flowing down your face to have “crocodile tears”. Sometimes, crocodile tears are worse than insincere. Those are the times when you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation.
1. How does the author mainly show that crocodiles are amazing?A.By telling stories. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By conducting experiments. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.has some insincere friends | B.faces sorrowful situations |
C.shows unreal sadness | D.cares little about others |
A.The flow of its tears makes it appealing. | B.It pretends to be guilty to trick its prey. |
C.It wants to show its emotional feelings. | D.The way it eats forces its tears to flow. |
A.An Expression — “Crocodile Tears” | B.What Crocodiles Actually Cry for |
C.Unknown Facts About Crocodiles | D.How Crocodiles Show Sadness |
【推荐1】There is no doubt that when you receive a compliment, you feel good and when you receive a criticism, you feel upset and want to refuse it.
You shouldn’t be surprised by your reaction to the negative comment, as it’s human’s survival mechanism to avoid being criticized. Clearly, we don’t want to be seen as failures, so we’d rather shut our eyes and cover our ears than have to take any criticisms from others.
Imagine you’re learning to play the guitar, and you have just done your first public performance. Your teacher says, “You did well,” which may not be as useful in helping you improve your performance skills as “Your timing needs some work.” So I believe that criticisms are better than compliments.
No one would argue that healthy nutrition is a bad thing. However, too much food or drink — no matter how healthy they may be — can make us ill. Too many compliments take us away from our original enthusiasm of enjoying an activity. We start doing the activity only for the sake of receiving self-satisfying praise. Without the expectation of praise, our enthusiasm to complete things begins to be lost.
Launched in 2010, Microsoft KIN only lasted on the market for 48 days. It was very obvious that most 15 to 30-year-olds preferred Androids, BlackBerrys and iPhones to the Microsoft KIN. If criticism and feedback from the target group had been received while the phone was in development, Microsoft KIN could have avoided the huge embarrassment and its final failure.
Just to be clear, I’m talking about constructive criticism, which I like to think of as “healthy criticism”. The right kind of criticism is honest feedback that will benefit you. Feedback forces you to reconsider your actions and the way you work. If you use constructive criticism wisely, it can guide you away from bad practices, giving you support and courage to move forward to be a better person in the future.
1. What can we learn about compliment and criticism in Paragraph 1?A.People’s response to them. | B.People’s ways to express them. |
C.People’s understanding of them. | D.People’s different opinions on them. |
A.More annoyed. | B.More satisfied. | C.Less worried. | D.Less interested. |
A.To encourage growth. | B.To develop intelligence. |
C.To avoid embarrassment. | D.To reduce enthusiasm. |
A.Criticisms are better than compliments. |
B.Constructive criticism contributes to better future. |
C.Honest feedback comes from healthy criticism. |
D.Enough enthusiasm is vital for further development. |
【推荐2】For many people, it is hard to imagine what it is like to lose their sense of smell. Known as “anosmia”, loss of smell can have a substantial effect on our overall wellbeing and quality of life. But while a sudden respiratory infection (呼吸道感染) might lead to a temporary loss of this important sense, your sense of smell may well have been gradually eroding away for years due to something else- air pollution.
Exposure to PM2. 5 has previously been linked with smell loss, but typically only in occupational or industrial settings. But new research is now starting to reveal the true scale and the potential damage caused by the pollution we breathe in every day. On the underside of our brains lies the olfactory bulb (嗅球). This sensitive bit of tissue is essential for the enormously varied picture of the world we get from our sense of smell. It’s also our first line of defense against viruses and pollutants entering the brain. But, with repeated exposure to PM2. 5, these defenses slowly get worn down.
“Our data show there’s a 1.6 to 1.7-fold increased risk of developing anosmia with sustained particulate pollution (粒状物污染),” says Murugappan Ramanathan, a rhinologist. One Mexican study in 2006, which used strong coffee and orange odors showed that residents of Mexico City which often struggles with air pollution — tended to have a poorer sense of smell on average than people living in rural areas of the country.
So, should we care that air pollution to which we are all exposed -is damaging our sense of smell and causing anosmia? Clearly, the answer is yes. Ramanathan says, “Air quality matters. I think we need tight regulations and control. Many people may not even realize the pollution they are exposed to. But even the everyday, low level air pollution we are exposed to should be taken more seriously.”
1. What do the underlined words “eroding away” mean in paragraph 1?A.Evolving. | B.Becoming weak. |
C.Becoming sharp. | D.Appearing. |
A.Exposure to PM2. 5 has nothing to do with smell loss. |
B.The pollution we breathe in on a daily basis may cause harm. |
C.Our nose stops viruses and pollutants from entering the brain. |
D.Our defenses will disappear quickly with air pollution exposure. |
A.They have developed anosmia with air pollution. |
B.Their sense of smell is poorer than rural people’s. |
C.They often consume strong coffee. |
D.They tend to have a good sense of smell. |
A.How we should react to air pollution. |
B.What we should do to protect the environment. |
C.What steps we can take to recover from anosmia. |
D.How we can improve our life quality. |
【推荐3】Boredom is such a large part of day-to-day existence. Perhaps because it’s common in our lives, scientists have been slow to explore it. John Eastwood is one of the first scholars to take an interest.
One of the most common false views is that “only boring people get bored”. Yet as Eastwood set about exploring the reasons for boredom, he found that there are two distinct types of personality that tend to suffer from the feeling of boredom, and neither are particularly dull themselves.
Boredom often goes among people who are constantly looking for new experiences. For these people, the steady path of life just isn’t enough to hold their attention. The second kind of bored people have almost exactly the opposite problem: the world is a fearful place, and so they try not to step outside their comfort zone. While this might offer some comfort, they are not always satisfied with the safety it offers and boredom results.
Emotions should evolve for our benefit. “The very fact that boredom is a daily experience suggests it should be doing something useful,” says Heather Lench at Texas A$M University. Feelings like fear help us avoid danger, after all, while sadness might help prevent future mistakes. So, if true, what does boredom achieve?
Reviewing the evidence so far, Lench suspects that it lies behind one of our most important characters---curiosity. Boredom, she says, pushes us to try to seek new goals or explore new ideas which stimulate innovation (激发创新).
Eastwood is less enthusiastic about boredom’s benefits, but admits we should be cautious about looking for an immediate escape. “The feeling is so disgusting that people rush to remove it,” he says.“I’m not going to join that war on boredom and come up with a cure, because we need to listen to the emotion and ask what it is trying to tell us to do.”
1. What does John Eastwood’s study mainly focus on?A.Why people get bored | B.The benefits of boredom |
C.How to deal with boredom | D.The types of boredom |
A.would help us avoid mistakes |
B.cannot be cured for the moment |
C.might be good for our creativity |
D.could make us get tired and lose focus |
A.Curious | B.Optimistic |
C.Objective | D.Uninterested |
A.Easier said than done | B.Hard work never killed a man |
C.Practice makes perfect | D.Every coin has two sides |