【推荐1】As a result of trade, travel and migration, different cuisines have spread across the world. Many recipes, chefs and restaurants try to announce that their food of a country or region is the most authentic (正宗的). But is this a good thing?

People care about authenticity because food traditions are closely linked to identity (身份), particularly for migrant communities. Sociologist and professor of food studies, Krishnendu Ray, explains that home cooking is often the last way that communities can show their identity. British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was accused of trying to take advantage of positive feelings about Jamaica. His ready meal product had a Jamaican name, but was unlike real Jamaican cooking.

However, food consultant Sara Kay asks whether there are problems with the idea of authenticity. She stresses that these ideas often come from the expectations that majority cultures have about minority cultures and their food. These can be restricting (限制的) — restauranteurs have complained that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures. Expectations can also give people a false idea of what is authentic. While large cities are full of eateries representing different countries — China, India, Italy, Mexico and more — these labels can oversimplify the reality of food from these countries. Stephanie Elizondo Greist is surprised by the recognition(认识) that foods in Mexico are more authentic than what she ate growing up as a Mexican-American in Texas, because she feels that both are authentic examples of Mexican food.

A more controversial (有争议的) view of authenticity was stated by American Chef Andrew Zimmern, who claimed that he could bring in Chinese dishes in a more authentic way than existing restaurants — many of which are owned by Chinese-Americans. Writer and food podcaster Ruth Tam points out that while these restaurants altered their menus to suit local tastes, so does Zimmern. So, while food and identity are closely linked, and failure to respect authenticity can cause offence, could there be problems with the whole idea of authenticity?

1. Which of the following factors causes people to care about authenticity?

A．Taste.

B．Tradition.

C．Culture.

D．Identity.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

A．Eateries in different countries contribute to the authentic problem.

B．Expectation about authenticity may cause problems.

C．Asian food is cheaper than European food.

D．You can enjoy the traditional taste of Mexican food both in Mexico and America.

3. Which statement might Stephanie Elizondo Greist agree with?

A．There can be only one authentic taste in a country.

B．What she eats in Texas means nothing to her.

C．Every person can have his or her own recognition of authenticity.

D．The regional specialities (特色菜) should be the same in a country.

4. The underlined word “altered” has the similar meaning with ________.

A．changed

B．kept

C．tricked

D．pressed

【推荐2】None of our early ancestors could digest milk as adults because their bodies never had to—milk drinking simply wasnˈt an option. As people began to extract milk from animals, though, some people developed the ability to keep drinking it throughout their lives.

Scientists now know of a milk-related mutation (变异) in our genes—the chemical instructions for life that we carry in almost every cell in our bodies. People who have a mutated form of one particular gene can drink milk just fine. People without the mutation tend to get sick from milk.

To figure out where, and possibly why, milk drinking started, some scientists have been looking at who has the milk-digesting mutation today. Patterns are striking.

Most adults in Northern and Central Europe are able to digest milk—and they do. Cheese and butter and other dairy products are popular in countries such as Sweden, Denmark, Germany and England. Because European settlers dominated North America, most people here can handle milk just fine, as well. That may explain why ice cream is such a popular dessert in the United States.

In much of Africa, Asia and South America, on the other hand, people tend to avoid dairy products because they lead to diarrhea (腹泻) and other stomach problems. That’s why you won’t typically find cheese on the menu at a Chinese, Japanese or Ethiopian restaurant. Native Americans are also unable to digest milk.

Because of these genetic patterns, scientists have long thought that milk drinking started in Northern Europe, where dairy is an institution and the milk-digesting mutation is everywhere.

A recent study painted a different picture. With a computer model, Thomas and his colleagues looked at the spread of the milk-drinking mutation, farming and other related factors. Working backward, the scientists concluded that the first milk-drinkers lived in Central Europe around what’s now Hungary about 7,500 years ago. The practice didn’t start farther north, as scientists had thought before.

1. Which of the following is the proper order of events according to the passage?
a. Their children were able to digest milk as adults.
b. They got sick from milk.
c. Some people got a mutation in their genes.
d. Some people tried drinking milk from animals.
e. Some people started to drink milk from animals on a regular basis.

A．c→d→b→e→a	B．d→e→b→c→a
C．d→b→e→c→a	D．e→d→b→c→a

2. Most people in the USA can digest milk because ________.

A．they have strong stomachs

B．their ancestors were Europeans

C．thatˈs where milk drinking started

D．farmers raise a lot of cows there

3. Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?

A．Milk drinking first started in Northern Europe.

B．Milk drinking first started in Central Europe.

C．Native Americans were able to digest milk.

D．Dairy products are very popular in Japan.

4. The main focus of the scientists’ research was ________.

A．mutation of human genes

B．development of the human stomach

C．why milk drinking started

D．where milk drinking first started

【推荐3】English people don’t care about what they eat, but they care about the place where they eat.     1    English people like to eat out. The rich go to big restaurants.     2    There are also a lot of other restaurants, such as Italian, Chinese, Indian, Japanese and so on.     3     Waiters in good restaurants wear uniforms and are friendly. When you are eating, you might hear light music.     4     Small restaurants or fast-food restaurants are not quiet but clean, too.     5     People bring baskets of sandwiches and sit on the grass in the park, enjoying the sun. Some English kids’ favorite food is pizza, and most kids don’t like vegetables. Some of them like eating the most popular English food, fish and chips.

A．So the good restaurants are quiet.

B．A good restaurant is usually big and clean.

C．The poor go to small ones or fast-food restaurants.

D．In summer, English people like eating outside.

E．Rich families usually have a nice dinning room.

F．There are a lot of foreign rest.

G．In winter, people in England like to stay at home enjoying delicious food.

【推荐2】From Dec 7 to 19, delegates from around the world met at the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (also known as COP15), in Montreal, Canada. After two weeks of intense debate at COP15, delegates agreed on Dec 19 to adopt a landmark plan to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. “Finally, we reached our destiny. We adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,” Huang Runqiu, COP15 president and China’s minister of ecology and environment, announced on Dec 19.

The new framework is a commitment by 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to conserve at least 30 percent of the Earth’s land and ocean area by the next decade. It also will increase the expected annual financial assistance from developed countries through 2030 to help developing nations with biodiversity protection.

The aim of COP15 is to ensure biodiversity loss is changed by 2030, and that humans are able to live in harmony with nature by 2050.To realize these objectives can be very challenging. At COP10 in Nagoya, Japan in 2010, the parties agreed on the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets (爱知生物多样性目标). But, as of now, none of the 20 objectives has been fully realized.

It is important to turn consensus into effective actions. Yet, as recent talks have shown, an aspect of effective international action on stopping climate change is the cooperation of developed countries. Developed countries, however, have fallen short of their responsibility as they have failed to fulfill the obligations according to the COP convention to provide funding and technology to poorer nations who lack the means to combat climate change.

To solve this problem, the framework creates a new biodiversity fund within the UN’s existing Global Environment Facility. This came about as a compromise between developing nations, which wanted a new fund, and developed countries, which did not. In addition, a global youth initiative (倡议) was also released, hoping young people to be leaders and advocates for biodiversity conservation.

1. What is the aim of COP15?

A．To save at least 30 percent of the Earth’s land and ocean area by next decade.

B．To stop biodiversity loss and promote harmony between man and nature.

C．To strengthen the cooperation between developed and developing countries

D．To provide funding and technology to poorer nations to fight climate change.

2. Why is COP10 mentioned in the passage?

A．To show the parties didn’t fulfill the obligation

B．To show the objectives were too high to realize

C．To show it is difficult to realize the objectives of COP 15

D．To show Japan didn’t hold the meeting successfully.

3. What does the underlined word “consensus” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Statistic.

B．Emotion.

C．Intervention.

D．Agreement.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．International cooperation is important.

B．A new framework is made in the COP15.

C．Joint efforts are needed to fight climate change.

D．Historic COP 15 deals are released on biodiversity.