From Dec 7 to 19, delegates from around the world met at the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (also known as COP15), in Montreal, Canada. After two weeks of intense debate at COP15, delegates agreed on Dec 19 to adopt a landmark plan to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. “Finally, we reached our destiny. We adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,” Huang Runqiu, COP15 president and China’s minister of ecology and environment, announced on Dec 19.
The new framework is a commitment by 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to conserve at least 30 percent of the Earth’s land and ocean area by the next decade. It also will increase the expected annual financial assistance from developed countries through 2030 to help developing nations with biodiversity protection.
The aim of COP15 is to ensure biodiversity loss is changed by 2030, and that humans are able to live in harmony with nature by 2050.To realize these objectives can be very challenging. At COP10 in Nagoya, Japan in 2010, the parties agreed on the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets (爱知生物多样性目标). But, as of now, none of the 20 objectives has been fully realized.
It is important to turn consensus into effective actions. Yet, as recent talks have shown, an aspect of effective international action on stopping climate change is the cooperation of developed countries. Developed countries, however, have fallen short of their responsibility as they have failed to fulfill the obligations according to the COP convention to provide funding and technology to poorer nations who lack the means to combat climate change.
To solve this problem, the framework creates a new biodiversity fund within the UN’s existing Global Environment Facility. This came about as a compromise between developing nations, which wanted a new fund, and developed countries, which did not. In addition, a global youth initiative (倡议) was also released, hoping young people to be leaders and advocates for biodiversity conservation.
1. What is the aim of COP15?A.To save at least 30 percent of the Earth’s land and ocean area by next decade. |
B.To stop biodiversity loss and promote harmony between man and nature. |
C.To strengthen the cooperation between developed and developing countries |
D.To provide funding and technology to poorer nations to fight climate change. |
A.To show the parties didn’t fulfill the obligation |
B.To show the objectives were too high to realize |
C.To show it is difficult to realize the objectives of COP 15 |
D.To show Japan didn’t hold the meeting successfully. |
A.Statistic. | B.Emotion. | C.Intervention. | D.Agreement. |
A.International cooperation is important. |
B.A new framework is made in the COP15. |
C.Joint efforts are needed to fight climate change. |
D.Historic COP 15 deals are released on biodiversity. |
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【推荐1】Many of our memory systems are driven by one single, powerful urge: to survive, We seen to be born to remember routes, so we can navigate our local environment safely. We’re also naturally talented at recognizing faces. Ever since we lived in groups, we humans have needed to know who’s “part of the pack” and who isn’t as a vital part of staying safe.
And we’re excellent at remembering things that might put our well-being at risk. A recent research study showed that we’re remarkably accurate at recalling anything connected with infection. Even imaginary dangers can sharpen our memory skills.
In the study, volunteers were shown a set of objects that they would be tested on later. But there was a twist. Some of the items were held by a researcher who was said to have COVID-19. And guess what? Those “contaminated” objects proved to be significantly easier to recall.
None of the volunteers would ever have to touch those things themselves. But their minds still prioritized (优先处理) them, locking in the information for later — just in case it could keep them safe.
And it’s a reflex that you can use to your advantage. When you’ve got something important to remember, why not “tag” it with one of those unpleasant feelings that your brain can’t help holding on to?
For instance, are you worried about forgetting the milk from your shopping list? Picture the bottle, and imagine opening it only to discover that it’s weeks out of date. Think about how it would look and smell! Thanks to the power of disgust, you’ll have a much better chance of remembering the fresh milk you need.
Don’t try this technique too often, though, or you’ll end up always feeling nervous! But, in those moments when your memory needs a boost, a small bit of disgust can be very healthy for your recall.
1. Why do we humans remember things according to paragraph 1?A.To survive the accidents. | B.To guarantee a safe life. |
C.To improve our intelligence. | D.To recognize routes and people. |
A.Discriminated. | B.Intense. | C.Harmless. | D.Polluted. |
A.Infection is of benefit to a person’s memory. |
B.Volunteers remember potentially dangerous things better. |
C.Imagining danger can be applied frequently to improve memory. |
D.Our brain cannot handle unpleasant feelings or remember them clearly. |
A.COVID-19 Gives Memory a Boost | B.The Mystery of the Memory System |
C.A New Technique to Sharpen Memory | D.A Breakthrough in Treating Memory Loss |
【推荐2】There are some sounds most of us acknowledge are annoying — the crunching of crisps, the noise of the air conditioning or a screaming baby. These noises, for many people, act as a mere inconvenience that can distract us from the task at hand. However, there are some among us who have a much more severe response to these noises. The question we ask today is: Has a noise ever made you feel so angry that you could explode with rage? If the answer is yes, you may be suffering from misophonia.
The word “misophonia” literally means “a hatred of sound” and is sometimes called Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome. There are some experts who doubt the existence of the condition. However, for those who claim to suffer from it, the experience can be traumatic. Certain sounds cause intense emotional or psychological responses that may seem over the top compared with a non-sufferer’s complaints.
The sound of a loved one chewing their food could trigger a sufferer’s anxiety levels, or cause them to panic. It may even activate their fight-or-flight reaction, making them want to flee. In extreme cases, that feeling of panic may result in extreme anger and end up with sufferers going crazy. Also, these conditions can lead to social isolation and the sufferers may feel cut off, according to James Cartreine, a clinical psychiatrist.
Sadly, there’s no known cure. However, tinnitus (耳鸣) retraining therapy, which helps people tolerate noises, may aid sufferers, while cognitive behavioural therapy and counselling could also help people manage the condition. Sufferers use coping strategies that include avoiding places with lots of noises, like restaurants, or moving away when they feel like hitting someone due to their breathing.
So, the next time you see someone fly into a rage because of a sound that is driving them crazy, it may be due to a difficult condition they are trying to manage, and not just because they hate a certain sound.
1. What can annoying sounds do to non-sufferers of misophonia?A.They take their attention away from what they’re doing. |
B.They generate intense emotional responses among them. |
C.They make sufferers doubt the presence of the condition. |
D.They lead to some complaints and severe responses. |
A.Physically painful. | B.Emotionally disturbing. |
C.Spiritually comforting. | D.Mentally satisfying |
A.They can’t be able to manage misophonia. |
B.They won’t be cured through medical treatments. |
C.They may be angered by the feeling of being cut off. |
D.They may panic over the sound caused by a loved one. |
A.A news report. | B.A health magazine. |
C.A medical textbook. | D.A psychologist’s notebook. |
【推荐3】It is quite natural for all of us to want to preserve and protect the foods we purchase. With that in mind, we often think that the best way to do that is by putting them in our refrigerators. However, that is not always the case.
Bread
Nothing dries out bread faster than your refrigerator. In the event that you have made sandwiches with the bread, then you can place them in the fridge. The cold temperature will make the bread tough and chewy.
Tomato
We all love tomatoes for their taste. But putting them in the refrigerator will cause them to lose all of their flavor ( 口味). Plus, the cold air in the cooler stops the ripening process as well. And as we all know; ripening is what gives every tomato more taste and flavor. For best results, keep tomatoes out, and inside a basket or a bowl on your counter.
Salad
Oil or vinegar-based salad can be stored for a long period of time without refrigeration. Moreover, refrigeration of salad dressings brings bad smell to them. Keep in mind that some salads that are mayo (蛋黄酱) or yogurt based should be refrigerated in order to keep them fine. So if you have some salads that have been already dressed, you can keep them away from your fridge without any hesitation.
Egg
It is a long debate whether you should keep eggs inside your refrigerator or not. One study suggests that keeping eggs whether in a refrigerator or not does not change their normal qualities, so it can be said that if you keep eggs at room temperature, there should not be any problem. There is another study that shows that keeping eggs inside the refrigerators has a bad effect on the natural taste and flavor of eggs, so it is wise to keep eggs outside of your fridge.
1. Which of the following lose(s) water quickest in the cooler?A.Bread. | B.Tomatoes. |
C.Salad. | D.Eggs. |
A.Put them in the cooler. | B.Cook them at once. |
C.Make them ripen faster. | D.Leave them in the shade. |
A.Dressed salad. | B.Mayo and yogurt. |
C.Oil and vinegar. | D.Salad dressings. |
A.It's interesting. | B.It's brilliant. |
C.It's ridiculous. | D.It's controversial. |
【推荐1】The Children's Climate Prize(CCP) has been given every year since 2016 to a person between the ages of 12 and 17 who has made“extraordinary efforts”to improve life on the planet for children now and in the future. Here are some of the finalists this year.
Yash Narayan
Yash Narayan,17,from California ,the US created a smartphone app called DeepWaste. Yash realized that a lot of waste could be avoided if people had a simple system for deciding what could be recycled,and what was truly garbage. Users who download the app can use their phone's camera to quickly find out the best way to get rid of something.
Fernanda Barros
Sixteen-year-old Fernanda Barros is from Pará,Brazil,where she helped start the group Fridays For Future Amazonia(FFFA). Brazil's Amazon rainforest is seriously
threatened.FFFA is working to protect the rainforest.
Lesein Mutunkei
Lesein Mutunkei,a 17-year-old from Nairobi,Kenya started a project called Trees For Goals(T4G). It encourages soccer teams to plant II trees for every goal scored
(one for each player). Already,over 1, 500 trees have been planted,and Lesein is working to spread the idea further. He would really like to get the soccer group FIFA to back the idea.
Anjali Sharma
Seventeen-year-old Anjail Shama from Melbourne,Australia took Australia's Environment Minister to court in an attempt to stop a coal mine from being expanded. The case resulted in the court saying that the government had a“duty of care”to protect young people. It has inspired others to use the courts to force action on the climate crisis.
1. Who developed a mobile application ?A.Yash Narayan. | B.Fernanda Barros. |
C.Lesein Mutunkei. | D.Anjali Sharma. |
A.Set up a soccer team. | B.Expand a coal mine. |
C.Protect the Amazon rainforest . | D.Get supporters for his project. |
A.They are of the same age. |
B.They care about our planet. |
C.They are employed by the government . |
D.They have won the Children’s Climate Prize. |
【推荐2】On a sunny afternoon in Dania Beach, a dozen scientist’s unloaded containers full of corals from a dive boat. They gently removed each piece from large tanks on the deck and placed them inside smaller containers, which were slowly taken onshore.
The operation is part of what scientists describe as a “Noah’s Ark(诺亚方舟)” mission to save corals from extinction as a mysterious disease damages mile after mile of the Florida Reef Tract. Since first being spotted in 2014, the disease has killed colonies already weakened by impacts from climate change, including frequent rounds of bleaching(漂泊).
During one trip, researchers spent six days diving in the Lower Keys to collect corals that haven’t yet been touched by a certain disease. Their mission, as the “Ark” reference suggests, is to preserve healthy examples of species that can be raised in labs, then later transplanted back to the barrier reef that parallels much of the Southeast Florida coastline.
“It’s a tough effort, but we need to do everything we can to help corals survive,” said Richard Dodge from Nova South eastern University’s [(NSU)] Halmos College, as he watched university staff and volunteers place the 341 corals in holding tanks on the university dock across from Port Everglades.
NSU is one of seven research facilities that will act as temporary hosts for samples collected for what is formally known as the Coral Rescue Collection Plan, part of an ambitious program led by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. NSU researchers will collect data on the species, then send them to other universities and zoos across the country, where they will be used to grow new colonies—seed stock for potential restoration efforts in the future.
1. What’s the best title for the passage?A.Noah’s Ark mission | B.Corals are endangering |
C.Corals are put in containers | D.Fight to preserve the corals |
A.To emphasize it was very serious to corals. |
B.To show few cared about its existence. |
C.To appeal for international cooperation. |
D.To state it was involved with climate change. |
A.They conducted research on the spot. |
B.They found it tough to collect corals. |
C.They collected healthy corals. |
D.They desired to get close to corals. |
A.Culture. | B.Economy. | C.Entertainment. | D.Environment. |
【推荐3】Ever been hungry enough to eat a house? Now, you actually could.
Food waste is a big problem in Japan and globally. Japan produced around 5.7 million tons of food waste in 2019. The government plans to reduce that by around 2.7 million tons by 2030. Tokyo University researchers Kota Machida and Yuya Sakai have developed a way to transform food waste into cement (水泥) for construction use and more. This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also edible (可食的).
Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming.
As expected, something this unique took years to develop. It took a few attempts to find just the right process. Kota and Yuya created the unique technology while researching possible environmentally-friendly materials to replace cement-based concrete. Cement production accounts for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions.
After a few failures, they realized they could get the cement to bind (黏合) by adjusting the temperatures. “The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time. In the experiments, Kota and Yuya have successfully made cement using tea leaves, coffee grounds, cabbage, and even lunchbox leftovers.
Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of edible emergency shelters in disaster zones. “For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement,” he said. To eat the material, a person needs to break it apart and boil it.
1. Which is one of Kota and Yuya’ purposes in making use of food waste?A.To offer Fabula Inc. more cement. | B.To produce building materials. |
C.To warn how serious food waste is. | D.To extend concrete’s service life. |
A.Its damage to the environment. | B.Its cost of recycling the cement. |
C.Its difficulties they would face. | D.Its popularity among the public. |
A.Making sure to make cement tasty. | B.Selecting correct food waste timely. |
C.Getting cement broken apart easily. | D.Regulating the temperatures constantly. |
A.Temporary. | B.Strong. | C.Bendable. | D.Commercial. |
【推荐1】Downing Street will receive a special delivery from postmasters this afternoon, the country’s biggest ever petition(请愿书) in modern times, Four million people have backed a campaign, urging the government to save Britain’s post offices. More than four thousand post offices have closed since 1999 for financial reasons; the rest are losing up to a quarter of a billion pounds a year.
The Saint Levan Valley Post Office near Plymouth faces closure. It is one of thousands that are not commercially practical and cost taxpayers over a hundred and fifty million pounds a year in subsidies. And yet the customers here don’t care if the post office makes money, they say it’s a social lifeline for the community.
“We’ve had people moved to tears here at the very thought of losing their post office. It s such a vital part of the community.” That’s why hundreds of postmasters have arrived in London this morning to remonstrate with what they call a death by a thousand cuts. The government has removed so many services from branches that many would be forced to close.
This afternoon they’ll hand in a petition signed by four million people which they hope would preempt (先发制人) any government announcement on cuts.
And at the top of the list of complaints: the planned withdrawal of the Post Office card account, used by millions to access pensions and benefits. There are many, many people who still want, and who budget on being able to get their money from their pension and other benefits each week in cash at post office, and that is the bottom line.
This industry wants reform and modernization, but not the ill-planned destruction of the network. “They have to be practical. What we wanna do is make sure that they can be practical. So in the same way as a pub used to be tied to one brewery, we want to free up post offices to have lots of products, so they can have a much better income flow, and therefore, stay open.”
1. Why has the government closed so many post offices?A.The post offices fail to make a profit. |
B.The government is forced to do so by the public. |
C.The government decides to make it more commercial. |
D.The post offices are of no use because of the Internet. |
A.Negotiate with. | B.Vote for. |
C.Stand by. | D.Protest against. |
A.To post letters. |
B.To withdraw pensions. |
C.To strengthen community bonds. |
D.To protest against ill-planned cuts. |
A.To predict the future of post offices. |
B.To indicate the success of pub business. |
C.To suggest a realistic way to keep post offices open. |
D.To explain the connection between pubs and post offices. |
Citing(引用) the remarkable achievements China has made over the past 37 years when it initiated the reform and opening-up policy, Xi noted that it only took several decades for China to complete the journey the developed countries have gone through for centuries.
“That fully shows that the Chinese people are following a correct path,” the president said while addressing a banquet hosted by Lord Mayor of the City of London Alan Yarrow on Wednesday evening.
Meanwhile, he pledged that China will stay committed to a peaceful development path and does not accept the logic that a country will seek hegemony(霸权,领导权) once it gets strong.
“No one and nothing — in any reason — can influence China’s determination and will to pursue the path of peaceful development,” he said.
In his speech, the president also explained in detail about the development of friendly relations between China and Britain, citing tea culture, literature, movies, TV dramas, football and cultural exchanges.
He specifically referred to Shakespeare’s influence on him by sharing the story of his youth time in the countryside, when he was deeply attracted by the master’s works.
“The China-Britain friendship has been deeply rooted in the hearts of our two peoples. And there is a solid foundation in public opinion and in society for the two countries to grow long-term relations,” he added.
1. According to the passage we know that President Xi Jinping is paying a visit to _______.
A.the U.S.A | B.Britain | C.Canada | D.Russia |
A.On the website | B.In a magazine |
C.In an essay | D.In a newspaper |
A.predicted | B.confirmed |
C.announced | D.promised |
A.Xi mentioned tea culture to emphasize the importance of agriculture in friendship. |
B.President Xi Jinping was very interested in Shakespeare's works when in the countryside. |
C.The developed countries took hundreds of years to develop to the level that China is now at. |
D.There exists a belief that China will seek hegemony once it gets strong. |
Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter’s largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observations.
New Hubble observations of Ganymede’s magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean.
Scientists estimate that the oceanis 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth’s oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede’s ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.
While scientists have speculated (推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede — the largest moon in our solar system — until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn’t observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.
This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.
Scientists have already confirmed the existence of an ocean on Europa, another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.
Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.
1. What can we learn about Ganymede from the passage?
A.It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system. |
B.Its ocean adds to people’s excitement about life beyond Earth. |
C.It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope. |
D.Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft. |
A.Cautious. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Negative. | D.Favourable. |
A.An underground ocean has been found in Europa. |
B.The presence of an underground ocean in Europa is not possible. |
C.It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europa. |
D.No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europa. |
A.A term essay. |
B.A news report. |
C.An experiment report. |
D.An exploration review. |