In his lifetime La Tour must have been one of the most admired painters, who was on close terms with courts in Lorraine and Paris and became the King’s Painter to Louis XIII in 1639. However, not many of his works survived. These can be divided into his early “day pieces”, and the later “night pieces”. His sometimes direct realism and unflattering (不恭维的) presentation of the miserable subjects does not at all mean a sympathetic attitude to the socially disadvantaged of the day, on the contrary, issues of this kind were intended to amuse high society, who enjoyed decorating the walls of their homes with such melodramatic scenes. La Tour, affected by Caravaggio, painted various scenes of gambling. In Cheater with the Ace of Diamonds, an inexperienced, wealthy and well-dressed young man is being cheated at cards in the dishonest company of a courtesan (交际花) with her lover and a servant girl. Wine and the promise of love adventure have made the young dandy (好打扮的男人) so light-headed that he does not notice the apparent trick of an ace being drawn from his opponent’s belt.
Most of the paintings by La Tour we have at our disposal the art historians date after 1640. In these works La Tour is captivated with lightning effects which create sharp outlines. This fascination with light brought him great success in his day. However, he was completely forgotten after his death, only to be rediscovered in our own day. La Tour is an example of how artists can pass in and out of favor of the public.
1. Why did La Tour present the socially disadvantaged in his works?A.To show sympathy for them |
B.To amuse people of high society |
C.To show how miserable his subjects are |
D.To decorate the walls of rich people’s homes |
A.It shows a gambling scene |
B.It has lightning effects |
C.It bears no influence of other painters |
D.It is about love between a young man and a courtesan |
A.concerned | B.satisfied | C.connected | D.fascinated |
A.La Tour wasn’t admired in his day |
B.La Tour became The King’s Painter in 1639 |
C.La Tour didn’t always win favor of the public |
D.Most of La Tour’s works were created after 1640 |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll (闲逛) in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true?
In tourist areas, which lack regular, local customers, the number of diners is unlikely to hold information about the quality of the meal. In this case, following the example of others could have led to a sub-optimal (次佳的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.
Spontaneously (不由自主地) copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “Herd behaviors”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep.
Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort — after all, there’s “safety in numbers” — while helping to maintain a favourable reputation. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision.
Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, can have many harmful effects. Blindly following the herd can have grave consequences when trying to escape from danger. As seen in examples during earthquakes, herding may result in the entire crowd rushing for the same door, even if other exits are available. This unavoidably affects evacuation (撤退) efforts and may result in avoidable injuries or even deaths.
Psychology research suggests that it’s surprisingly difficult to resist the influences of the herd. In an experiment involving financial decision making, researchers found that warning messages about the potential errors of the crowd were surprisingly ineffective in helping customers make better choices. It appears there is no quick and easy fix. Instead, it is advisable to involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behaviors as opposed to blindly following them.
1. What does the author want to tell us by the restaurant example?A.Undesirable outcomes of herding, | B.Wise dinner choices of most customers. |
C.Practical ways of avoiding herding. | D.Poor conditions of popular dining places. |
A.Its application. | B.Its disadvantages. |
C.Its definition. | D.Its benefits. |
A.Send warning messages. | B.Follow peers’ opinions. |
C.Stop behaving critically. | D.Have our own judgments. |
A.Why can’t you find the reasons for herding? |
B.Why shouldn’t you follow the crowd blindly? |
C.When should you avoid influences of herding? |
D.How can you discover wisdom of crowds? |
【推荐2】Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest know in Great Britain. But they didn’t find in the usual way.
Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal(木炭) drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element(成分)found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint things or charcoal to test. People carve the pictures of animals and figure into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha!” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made. “It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art,” said Alistair Pike, and archaeological scientist at Britain’s University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings (雕刻) were covered by stalagmites(石笋).”
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct, another tip-off (征兆) that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags. This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,0000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hares. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away---- another important evidence of understanding how humans spread out across the world.
1. When the scientists found rocks stuck to the top of the drawing, they__________.A.felt pleased and surprised | B.dated the pictures with radiocarbon dating |
C.found carbon in the cave pictures | D.carved some pictures of animals into the rock |
A.The art was carved into the stone with stone tools. |
B.Most animals carved into the stone are extinct. |
C.The cave is one of the farthest points in the world. |
D.Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years old. |
A.when ancient people crossed the North Sea |
B.why some of the animals have died out |
C.how humans spread out across the world |
D.what ancient people had for food at that time |
A.Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful | B.Cave Art Is Found in an Unusual Way |
C.Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain’s Oldest | D.Cave Art Has a Great Influence on Britain |
【推荐3】By trying to tickle (挠痒痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.
It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes an individual being tickled to lose control.
To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.
“It’s truly ground-breaking,” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper. “It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”
Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Let’s go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.
“The authors have been very adventurous,” said Daniel O’Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who studies touch. To him, that finding was very surprising.
“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out?” he said. “This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor (严谨).”
1. What contributed to humans’ being ticklish according to Aristotle?A.Their special skin. |
B.Their social pleasure. |
C.Their nervous system. |
D.Their willingness to touch. |
A.To discover the special group of nerve cells. |
B.To experiment on different animals. |
C.To follow the process of tickling. |
D.To prove their finding. |
A.The research process is full of risks. |
B.The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable. |
C.The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion. |
D.The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science. |
A.The Life of Rats |
B.How Rats Laugh |
C.A Wonderful Scientist |
D.A New Discovery about Rats |
【推荐1】Young Artists to Watch This Year
Tafy LaPlancheNew York-based Afro-Latina artist Tafy LaPlanche first discovered her love for portraits (肖像) at 13 when she was hospitalized and drew people who passed by her room. Since then, LaPlanche has explored narratives (叙事) in her portraits, setting women up against bright backgrounds, and adding fruit to create a unique story in every painting.
Yan XinyueThirty-year-old Chinese artist Yan Xinyue is one of the artists to watch at this year’s Frieze New York. Xinyue’s work looks at how everyday life is impacted by rapid urban development through her imaginative paintings. Constantly touching the line between fantasy and reality, Xinyue’s work explores society and the individual.
Narumi NekpenekpenThe Nigcrian-Japanese artist’s layered (分层的) approach to sculpture caught the eyes of collectors during Art Basel Miami Beach design week. The deeply emotional pieces painted throughout her residency at Versailles have a “Sanrio” quality, which makes them seem both distant and friendly.
Emma McIntyreAlso featured at this year’s Frieze New York is New Zealand-born, Los Angeles-based artist Emma McIntyre. The self-aware abstract (抽象的) painter is sure to turn heads with her presentations of memory, weather, and the environment. McIntyre’s colorful style makes the viewer feel like they’re slipping into a different dimension and makes it difficult to turn away.
1. What element does Tafy LaPlanche often use in her paintings?A.Fruit. | B.Sanrio. | C.Hospitals. | D.Weather. |
A.Tafy LaPlanche. | B.Yan Xinyue. |
C.Narumi Nekpenekpen. | D.Emma McIntyre. |
A.Exploration of narratives. | B.Layered approach to sculpture. |
C.Bright backgrounds in self-portraits. | D.Self-awareness in abstract paintings. |
【推荐2】Eugene O' Neill, who was born in 1888, in New York, was a leading American drama writer and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage. Although later in his life he grew to hate his father for not giving him security in his early years and a loving and comfortable family, he had the theater in his blood
As a student. O'Neill went to boarding schools but spent the summers in a moderate house his family owned. He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in "life experience". At the age of 24, he was hired as a reporter and poetry column writer for the Net London Telegraph, where he worked for only a few months.
O'Neill didn't cut a figure in playwriting until the summer of 1916, when he was in a peaceful village of Provincetown. Massachusetts, where some young writers and artists had founded an experimental theater Before that, he had written awkward melodramas(情节剧)that were hardly accepted by the mainstream of American theater. While O'Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act sea plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beyond the Horizon, was produced on Broadway on February 2, 1920, at the Morosco Theater, the young playwright already had a small reputation.
Theater critics spoke highly of Beyond the Horizon for its tragic realism. The play brought O'Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize, apart from which he won another three for Amna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Long Day's Journey Into Night. Over the next two decades. O'Neill continued to gain reputation nationally and globally. He became the most widely translated and produced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
1. What might inspire O'Neill's passion for theater?A.His father's career. | B.The support of his family. |
C.Hotel rooms he had lived in | D.Stories he had heard on trains. |
A.He didn't want to study in a boarding school. |
B.He wanted to receive real education from life. |
C.He got a job from the Nee London Telegraph |
D.He was unsatisfied with the quality of university education. |
A.Show interest. | B.Hold a degree. | C.Attract attention. | D.Receive an award. |
A.It enhanced his reputation in the field of theater |
B.It drew theater critics' attention to tragic realism, |
C.It inspired him to compose another three dramas. |
D.It made him the most widely translated and produced dramatist |
【推荐3】Fu Yiyao, one of China's leading ink wash painters, released her new book on December 6 in Shanghai. Fu was born in Nan jing, Jiangsu province. Her father, Fu Baoshi, who was the representative landscape painter of his time, had a great influence on her. Fu studied Chinese language in Nanjing Normal College. After graduation, she was engaged in education and took up painting. She set foot in painting circles due to. her strong passion for the art and thus became an outstanding painter worldwide. As a matter of fact, Fu's original dream was to become an actress but her father thought that literature plays an important role in one's growth, through which one can know the real meaning of life and can develop a love for what he pursues and literature is also qualification (资格) to start painting She followed the words of her father, which turned out to be a success. Fu gradually understood her father's deep love for her.
In 1979, Fu became one of the first batch of overseas students sent to Japan after the country carried out its reform and opening-up policy. She was famous for large-scale ink wash painting, and has created more works conveying Chinese traditional culture and held many exhibitions in Chin, Japan, America, Swaziland and the United Nations, helping promote Chinese painting worldwide.
After living in Japan for 40 years, Fu said she truly understands the superiority (优越性) of her motherland's culture and she will constantly promote go on to promote the art of ink wash painting. She believes that she has obeyed her father's wishes.
Speaking of her original purpose of creating her book, intention of creating her book, Fu said, "It is not a pure autobiography (自传) for I have shared my reflections on life and art in a new form. " Meanwhile, the book has three types of vision to meet the needs of different readers.
"I have got what I wanted in the process of study and creation. My love for Chinese culture can last thousands of years. I really hope to help spread Chinese traditional culture, " Fu concluded.
1. Why did Fu Yiyao want to become a painter?
A.Because her father was a painter. | B.Because she listened to her father. |
C.Because she was crazy about art. | D.Because she studied painting in college. |
A.To earn more money by her paintings. |
B.To prove she is an outstanding ink wash painter. |
C.To show her large-scale ink wash paintings. |
D.To make people all over the world know Chinese painting. |
A.Fu is satisfied with her book. |
B.Her book is only an autobiography. |
C.Fu loves Chinese culture very much. |
D.There are three sections in the book. |
A.Science and Technology. | B.Culture &Art. |
C.Great literature. | D.Campus life. |