“What if we treat the ocean as if our lives depend on it? Or, what if we don’t?” World-famous marine biologist Sylvia Earle poses her famous “what if” questions to inspire people to reflect on how they can help save the ocean. In 1998, Time magazine named Earle its first “Hero for the Planet.”
Earle’s move to Florida’s west coast at age 12 is what started a lifelong passion. She says, “That’s where I first fell in love with the ocean.” In 1953, using newly developed equipment, the young scientist became one of the first in her field to scuba dive (水肺潜水). Her first long-term exposure to the ocean depths came in 1970 when she led an all-female research team to study the ocean. They lived under the sea in a submersible (潜水器) for two weeks. When they returned to the surface, world-wide cheer and praise were waiting, especially for Dr. Earle.
Sylvia Earle’s career includes many firsts. In 1979 she became the first woman to walk the ocean floor 381 meters below the surface. In 1990, she became the first female chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Through the years, Earle has spent roughly 7,500 hours underwater. During that time, she has become increasingly alarmed by the significant changes she has observed.
The famous scientist fears that the ocean is dying. Climate change, overfishing, the dumping of trash and chemicals and oil spills are just some of the many causes. In order to tackle the problem, Earle formed Mission Blue in 2009. This organization promotes the legal protection and conservation of the world’s oceans. Her plan is to develop “Hope Spots,” protected areas large enough to reverse (逆转) damage and restore the ocean.
1. Why does Sylvia Earle put forward “what if” questions?A.To call on people to protect the ocean. |
B.To stress our dependence on the ocean. |
C.To criticize people’s damage to the ocean. |
D.To contribute an article to Time magazine. |
A.She moved to Florida to learn diving. |
B.She was the best in scuba diving. |
C.She did not get much attention in 1970. |
D.She became a chief scientist of NOAA in 1990. |
A.Scientists’ fears. | B.Causes of the damage. |
C.Efforts Earle made. | D.Bright future for the ocean. |
A.Dr. Sylvia Earle — A Lover of Diving |
B.Dr. Sylvia Earle — Pioneer of the Deep |
C.The Ocean — A place in Urgent Need of Our Care |
D.Scuba Diving — A Fantastic Way to Learn the Ocean |
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【推荐1】The world’s nations have promised to limit global temperature increases to 1.5 degrees over pre-industrial levels, which involves shutting down fossil fuel extraction (化石燃料开采) as quickly as possible. But despite this promise, first reached six years ago during the Paris Climate Accords, the fossil-fuel producing nations are on track to extract more than twice as much coal, oil and natural gas as would be permissible under this plan, a new United Nations report says.
To have a chance of limiting temperature increases to 1.5 degrees, production of coal needs to drop by 11% every year between 2020 and 2030. while production of oil and gas needs to drop by 4% and 3%, respectively, the report finds. Instead, production of oil and gas is set to increase, while coal production is projected to drop slightly.
The so-called production gap, the difference between countries’ climate promises and their fossil fuel production plans — hasn’t changed since the United Nations first examined it in 2019, indicating that international climate accords are still closer to theoretical promises than detailed plans.
The report looks at fossil fuel production in 15 countries — including Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, the U.S. and the United Kingdom — hat are collectively responsible for three-quarters of the world’s fossil fuel production. Most of these countries have promised to reach zero emissions by mid-century, but they are planning to increase their fossil fuel extraction until at least 2030.
So far, climate efforts from major fossil fuel extractors, including industry, have “focused on extracting fossil fuels in less-polluting ways, not on winding down production levels in line with climate goals,” the report says. While these efforts, such as developing carbon-capture (碳捕捉) technology and reducing methane leaks (甲烷泄露) are important. they fall far short of the changes science demands if global temperatures are to stay at a livable level.
To close that gap, the report urges governments to make realistic plans for winding down fossil fuel extraction, starting with state-owned companies, which arc responsible for more than half the world’s extraction of such fuels.
1. What does the new United Nations report say?A.Climate promises are being made worldwide. |
B.Fossil fuels arc being extracted in large quantities. |
C.Global temperature will soon increase by 1.5 degrees. |
D.Production of coal will drop sharply in the next decade. |
A.To imply an energy crisis. |
B.To show the efforts made by now. |
C.To indicate how to close the production gap. |
D.To stress the goal of the Paris Climate Accords. |
A.They will achieve zero emissions by 2030. |
B.They think little of carbon-capture technology. |
C.They should turn to the United Nations for help. |
D.They are on the way to breaking their promises. |
A.Coal mines owned by the government. | B.Gas stations run by private companies. |
C.Power plants owned by the government. | D.Car factories run by private companies. |
【推荐2】More than half of the birds in Washington are at risk of extinction because of climate change. That's according to a new national report from the Audubon Society, which gives detailed analysis of climate effects on about 600 species of North American birds.
It's based on more than 140 million observations of birds across the US, Mexico and Canada. Audubon scientists looked at the likely effects of sea-level rise, urbanization, drought, extreme spring heat, increased fires, heavy rain and other factors.
But it doesn't just spell out a doomsday scenario (世界末日).Instead, it offers a range of effects and warming, depending on how much carbon humans add to the atmosphere.
"It is truly an existential threat (威胁), not only to birds but to people,” said Doug Santoni, board chair of Audubon Washington, who looked into the report as soon as it came out.
Santoni says he was struck to see the vulnerability (脆弱)of a common “ backyard bird" , the dark-eyed junco. It's one that many first-time birders become familiar with as they learn how to identify species based on their markings and other traits. Currently in Washington, you can count on juncos to show up at your feeder, year round. Extreme spring heat, increased fires and heavy rain are the kinds of changes that will force birds like these north, or kill them off if they fail to adapt.
Trina Bayard, director of bird conservation at Audubon’s Washington chapter, says, "It's certainly a very serious warning report," but adds that there’s still hope. “If we can stabilize current temperatures and decrease our emissions (排放), we can really reduce the effects to these birds …that's very motivating. ”
1. What can we know about the new report?A.It analyses the species of birds in detail. |
B.It's issued by watching 600 bird species. |
C.It shows the end of North American birds. |
D.It reports the threat some birds are facing. |
A.Climate change is a threat only to birds. |
B.It's too late to take action to save the birds. |
C.The current situation of the birds is worrying. |
D.It's common that birds are affected by climate change. |
A.Lowering present temperatures. |
B.Reducing our daily emissions. |
C.Making them adapt to climate change. |
D.Encouraging people to protect them. |
A.Climate change threatens many Washington bird species. |
B.A new report about 600 species of North American birds. |
C.Different attitudes towards the situation of bird species. |
D.Climate change makes different kinds of species at risk. |
【推荐3】In the United States, people generate approximately 35 million tons of food waste every year, and as individual families, they waste about 30 percent of the food we buy. For the average four-person household with a monthly food budget of $1,000, that’s like throwing $300 straight into the garbage every month.
It’s not just the personal budgets that are affected by food waste, either - it contributes to the ongoing climate crisis as well. The yearly amount of water and energy wasted from uneaten food in America every year would be enough to power 50 million homes, and the amount of greenhouse gases produced from food waste was equivalent(相等的) to the carbon dioxide emissions of 42 coal-fired power plants, according to a 2021 report from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
At home, the core issue is that people buy too much food and then throw so much out because the ingredients “do not match food preferences”,according to a 2020 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. It’s true that there are far more factors that contribute to waste within the food system than just the consumer behavior.“It’s so much bigger than a consumer problem,” said Pamela Koch, associate professor of nutrition education at Teachers College, Columbia University. But that doesn’t mean the personal efforts can’t still have an impact. “There’s so much that consumers can do," said Roni Neff, associate professor of environmental health and engineering at Johns Hopkins University’s Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The process starts with “recognizing what we’re throwing out and what led to it,”Neff said. “If we understand our own patterns and what’s going on in our homes,” she continued, the next step is“figuring out how to set up the environment to make it as easy as possible to avoid food waste.”
1. What is the purpose of using figures in Paragraph 1?A.To attract more cleaners. |
B.To show the richness of food. |
C.To tell the seriousness of the food waste. |
D.To introduce the size of individual families. |
A.Improving the climate crisis. | B.Reducing the personal budgets. |
C.Increasing the greenhouse gases. | D.Changing coal-fired power plants. |
A.Food system works well. |
B.Food preferences are easy to satisfy. |
C.Consumer behavior has been improved. |
D.Personal efforts are encouraged to save food. |
A.Fight against Food Waste | B.Study of Food Production |
C.Save Money in Daily Life | D.Ways of Protecting the Environment |
【推荐1】For centuries, Garifuna(加里富纳的) people, also known as Garinagu in their native language, have kept the culture’s oral history alive through their ancestors’ native language. But decades of modernization, casual native-language training in Garifuna schools, intermarriage between cultures, and the lack of consideration of language transmission by young people, collectively led to Garifuna being listed on the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages in 2001.
The threat of language extinction isn’t new. Some linguists estimate a language dies every two weeks. But there are ways to save at-risk languages as well. The key is that the language needs to be thought of less as preserved, but indeed part of their present and future. “Modern Garifuna people need the actual language to grasp their ancestors’ past. Without language, culture will never be whole. If you’re losing your language, you’re losing your roots, which will dismantle all the ancestors have worked on,” Alvin Laredo, a Garifuna tour guide, says.
Elements of the Garifuna culture include music, dance and language. In 2001, Garifuna musicians and cultural activists created a plan: Create irresistible songs sung entirely in Garifuna to call on young Garinagu to accept the culture and learn the language. Palacio, a leader in the cultural renaissance, gathered Garifuna musicians across Central America to form the Garifuna Collective band in 2007. Multiple world performances and international music awards later, the band put Garifuna on the international map and lit a cultural flame for Garifuna worldwide. Another set of musicians was inspired by Palacio’s message. They helped elementary and high schools in Belize teach the Garifuna culture and language through music.
The Garifuna language revival does have a new and welcome boost(推动力): Belize’s Garifuna Tourism Trail, which formally launched in March 2022. Of course, tourism alone won’t save a language, but tourism can provide one effective language-retention (语言保持) motivation: income. More economic opportunities and pride in their cultural identity could help motivate young Garinagu to continue learning the language.
Will these ways save the Garifuna language? Time will tell. This kind of revival is a long, multi-generational road.
1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?A.To stress the importance of conserving languages. |
B.To prove the impact of modernization on languages. |
C.To introduce the topic of Garifuna’s being endangered. |
D.To encourage people to speak their native languages. |
A.Make up. | B.get rid of. | C.take control of. | D.Pass down. |
A.They adapted historical stories for popular songs. |
B.They taught local students Garifuna through music. |
C.They set up a musical club to promote Garifuna music. |
D.They spread Garifuna culture to the world by their performances. |
A.Reasons for reviving the Garifuna language. |
B.Challenges in promoting cultural identity. |
C.Garifuna on the list of endangered language. |
D.Efforts to save Garifuna--an endangered language. |
【推荐2】In an era of digital technology, the art of writing by hand has slowly been downgraded to a past entertainment. However, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential to brain health and development, having multiple cognitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we should reevaluate the potential benefits it may have on our mental capacities.
According to numerous studies, writing by hand stimulates more complex and diverse brain connections essential for encoding new information and forming memories. For instance, a recent investigation found that brain connectivity patterns were far more complicated and widespread for participants who wrote by hand compared to those who typed. Thus, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact on our brain health.
Handwriting isn’t just good for our brains health—it also has clear, practical benefits. Research has shown that students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes, demonstrating improved learning. This extends beyond the classroom too. People who recorded information on paper calendars demonstrated more brain activity and recalled information faster than those who used smartphones. The act of handwriting, therefore, could be a valuable tool for students preparing for exams and adults managing daily tasks.
Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been on the decline. However, 25states in the US have reintroduced writing back into school curriculums. This is a step in the right direction, as previous research has also indicated that handwriting is essential in children’s brain development. Preliterate (未识字的) children who wrote by hand demonstrated brain activity in a circuit of the brain used in learning to read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cognitive development.
It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the potential to enhance our brain health, learning, memory, and problem-solving skills. As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is important not to overlook the value of this seemingly simple activity. So, the next time you reach for your keyboard, remember the benefits of picking up a pen instead.
1. What do people usually think of handwriting at present?A.It has become an old-fashioned skill. | B.It has many cognitive benefits in life. |
C.It has been replaced by digital devices. | D.It has been a popular entertainment. |
A.It is beneficial to brain health. | B.It helps students score higher on quizzes. |
C.It stimulates diverse brain connection. | D.It has good effects on learning and memory. |
A.To make a comparison. | B.To add further evidence. |
C.To show different opinions. | D.To explain the brain activity. |
A.To illustrate a finding on handwriting. | B.To emphasize the importance of handwriting. |
C.To show the wide application of handwriting. | D.To introduce the artistic value of handwriting. |
【推荐3】Greasy spoon cafés or simply greasy spoons very rarely appear in guidebooks, but they are an essential part of life in the UK, especially for people living in the bigger cities. These small restaurants are so common — like baked beans or phone boxes — that they are barely even noticed, but if greasy spoons were removed, the country would be on its knees.
Greasy spoon cafés are so called because any cutlery ( 餐具) that comes into contact with the food on offer is immediately coated with a sticky layer of oil. It almost seems like an oily mist hangs in the air, as if fat drips (滴下) from the walls. More calories can be found in a cup of tea in a good greasy spoon than in a whole meal at a normal restaurant.
Greasy spoons are generally found slightly away from the main streets of most towns. They usually have large (grease coated) glass windows, a plastic sign with the café name and a huge menu offering a wide variety of foods. Inside they are generally clean and functional. You’ll see old wooden seats, tables and plain walls. Each table has on it a bottle of brown sauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots of salt and pepper.
In a typical greasy spoon, you will find people from all walks of life: poets, hurrying businessmen, students lazing around with huge cups of tea. Some read novels, some stare into space, and others catch up on the day’s news. At weekends there will always be large groups of friends, recovering from a night on the town. They are all united by one thing: the food. They are all looking for an absolutely substantial meal.
The meals are dangerously unhealthy, and absolutely delicious. All kinds of food can be bought for incredibly low prices. Greasy spoons have some devoted followers. Tapping “Greasy Spoon” into an internet search engine will bring up hundreds of entries — with pictures, reviews, menus and stories. But of course, nothing can beat going to a real one — especially on an empty stomach.
1. What does the underlined phrase “on its knees” in the first paragraph probably mean?A.Better off. | B.Quite clean. |
C.Greatly changed. | D.Nearly destroyed. |
A.Their origin is related to an oil producer. | B.They mainly serve food with a spoon. |
C.Their food contains too much oil. | D.They use a special kind of spoon. |
A.They are always in a hurry. | B.They often spend a night there. |
C.They go there between meals. | D.They are from various backgrounds. |
A.They need more publicity. | B.Their food is cheap and delicious. |
C.They are decorated in a modern way. | D.They are located in the main streets. |
【推荐1】From boyhood he was interested in Astronomy, and while at Cambridge he would sit up at night to watch the stars. But he was dissatisfied with the telescopes of those days because they didn't show him a clear picture of things. At first he thought there must be something wrong with the lens(镜头). But no matter how hard he tried to improve the lens, the trouble was still there.
This set Newton thinking. He began to study the nature of light and colours. In the end he found that sunlight, or white light, is actually made up of a row of colours. He counted seven colours in all. This was of course a great discovery. But Newton still wasn't satisfied. His mind was busy with another problem. Before Newton's time, scientists had already discovered that the sun, not the earth, was the centre of the universe, and they knew that the earth and the other planets moved round the sun. But they couldn't explain why this was so until Newton gave the answer.
One autumn evening while Newton was sitting under an apple tree thinking over these problems, he saw the moon rise in the sky. Why, he asked himself, should the moon round the earth, never leaving the same path? At that moment, he heard an apple drop from the tree. Why should the apple drop to the ground? Why didn't it go sideways or fly up? There seemed to be only one reason: The earth was drawing it-that is the force of gravity. If a stone is tied to the end of a string and whirled around, it flies round and round in circles because of the string. In the same way, the force of gravity, thought Newton, must be the force that keeps the moon going round the earth and the planets round the sun.
1. This passage tells us_________.A.Newton gave the right answer to the making up of the sunlight |
B.Newton found that the moon goes round the earth |
C.how Newton made two of his greatest discoveries |
D.why Newton made two of his great discoveries at home |
a. Newton found that sunlight is made up of a row of colours.
b. Newton wondered why the apple didn't go sideways.
c. Newton decided that the force of gravity keeps the moon going round the earth.
d. Newton tried every means to improve the lens.
e. Newton counted the number of colours.
A.e,d,c,a,b | B.e,a,c,b,d |
C.d,a,e,b,c | D.d,e,a,b,c |
A.But Newton gave the answer because they couldn't explain why. |
B.But Newton couldn't explain why unless they gave the answer. |
C.But it was Newton who gave the answer. |
D.But Newton was the first to give the answer. |
【推荐2】Galileo Galilei was born on 15 February 1564 near Pisa, the son of a musician. He began to study medicine at the University of Pisa but changed to philosophy (哲学) and maths. In 1589, he became professor of maths at Pisa. In 1592, he moved to become maths professor at the University of Padua, a position he held until 1610. During this time he worked on a variety of experiments, including the speed at which different objects fall.
In 1609, Galileo heard about the invention of the telescope in Holland. Without having seen an example, he constructed a better version and made many astronomical (天文学的) discoveries. These included mountains and valleys on the surface of the moon, sunspots, the four largest moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases (位相) of the planet Venus. His work on astronomy made him famous so that he was appointed court mathematician in Florence.
In 1614, Calileo was accused of heresy (异教) for his support of the Copernican theory that the sun was at the centre of the solar system. This was revolutionary at a time when most people believed the Earth was in this central position. In 1616, he was forbidden by the church from teaching these theories.
In 1632, he was again charged with heresy after his book Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was published. This set out the arguments for and against the Copernican theory in the form of a discussion between two men. Galileo was made to appear before the Inquisition (审讯) in Rome. He was sentenced to life in prison, later reduced to endless house arrest at his house in Arcetri, south of Florence. He was also forced to publicly take back his support for Copernican theory.
Although he was now going blind, he continued to write. In 1638, his Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences was published with Galileo’s ideas on the laws of motion (运动) and the principles of mechanics (力学). Galileo died in Arcetri on 8 January 1642.
1. At what age did Galileo work as a maths professor at Padua?A.25. | B.28. | C.45. | D.46. |
A.Because he was good at maths. |
B.Because he was for the Copernican theory. |
C.Because he made great contributions to astronomy. |
D.Because he worked on a variety of great experiments. |
A.All the people weren’t for the Copernican theory then. |
B.Galileo was sentenced to life in prison for a second time. |
C.Galileo was again charged with heresy for his illegal action. |
D.Galileo refused to admit the sun was at the centre of the solar system. |
A.Considerate. | B.Humorous. | C.Strong-willed. | D.Unfortunate. |
【推荐3】Say the phrase “female environmental pioneers,” and among the names you will hear are Rachel Carson, who wrote pesticides; chimpanzee expert Jane Goodall; and 17-year-old climate-change activist Greta Thunberg. To mark Women’s History Month, Kidspost is sharing the story of an environmental pioneer who is not that famous but equally remarkable.
At age 3, Sylvia Earle found her lifelong passion while playing on a beach. A wave suddenly came up and knocked her over.
“My mother ... saw the big smile on my face and let me run back in,” Earle told a TV interviewer years later. “And I’ve been running back in ever since.”
Earle is now 84 years old and has spent a lifetime exploring the world’s oceans and working to protect them from pollution, overfishing and other threats.
She is a pioneer in using scuba gear. Scuba gear lets divers take breath underwater. She holds the world record for the deepest untethered walk on the ocean floor at 1,250 feet. This means she was not tied to anything when she was walking underwater. During this exploration, she planted a U.S. flag.
In 1998, Time magazine gave Earle its first Heroes for the Planet award. She was the first female chief scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It is the U.S. ocean and atmosphere group. She was also elected to the National Women’s Hall of Fame.
Earle has spent her life teaching people about the ocean. She notes how much it affects the weather, and what we eat and drink. She has something to say to those who don’t understand why the ocean matters. “They should know that with every breath they take, every drop of water they drink, the ocean is touching them,” Earle says. “You should treat the ocean as if your life depends on it— because it does.”
1. What does Earle’s lifelong passion refer to?A.Teaching people how to dive. | B.Writing articles for magazines. |
C.Exploring and protecting oceans. | D.Providing equipment for divers. |
A.Earle is a world record holder. |
B.Earle’s mother is in support of her work. |
C.Earle is a remarkable British ocean explorer. |
D.Earle is the only female chief scientist at NOAA. |
A.brave and conservative. | B.devoted and courageous. |
C.determined and rigid. | D.ambitious and modest. |
A.People should stop overfishing and eating seafood. |
B.The ocean plays a significant role in human’s life. |
C.The weather has a far-reaching effect on the ocean. |
D.The exploration of the ocean can be done without limit. |