Lighthouses are built on or near the shore to help guide ships away from danger. However, the threat of rising sea level has many people worried about the future of lighthouses worldwide.
The East Point Lighthouse in New Jersey has been lighting up the Delaware Bay for more than 200 years. But the waters that surround it may bring about its end. During storms, water hits a wall that is just nine meters from the front of the lighthouse. After each major storm, the wall around the lighthouse has to be rebuilt and 1, 300-kilogram sand bags and other methods are used to protect it. A simple fix would cost about 3 million dollars.
Rising sea levels have already forced the relocation of several lighthouses. In 1999, the National Park Service moved the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in North Carolina, nearly 884 meters inland, which cost about 11. 8 million dollars. In 1993, the Southeast Lighthouse on Block Island, which is still guiding ships, was moved more than 91 meters inland.
Tim Harrison is the editor of Lighthouse Digest, a publication (出版) based in the northern state of Maine. It has a list of 53 lighthouses around the United States that may be lost because of the effects of climate change. “Lighthouses were built for one purpose: to save lives. Some of America’s lighthouses continue to be used to guide ships and other boats. But a good number have been replaced by modern technology. Instead, the lighthouses are valued more for historical reasons.” Tim said. “Now it’s our turn to step up and save these lighthouses.”
But some lighthouses have already been lost. Both the Galveston Jetty Lighthouse in Texas and the Sabine Bank Lighthouse in Louisiana were lost to storms or rising seas. And the Kauhola Point Lighthouse on Hawaii’s Big Island was taken down after erosion nearby was so severe that it could not be saved. Other lighthouses that are considered to be in danger from rising seas include the Sand Island Lighthouse in Alabama and the New Point Comfort Lighthouse in Virginia.
1. Why is the East Point Lighthouse listed in paragraph 2?A.To show the effect of mankind on lighthouses. |
B.To show the problems lighthouses are facing. |
C.To attract the readers’ attention to lighthouses. |
D.To show the importance of protecting lighthouses. |
A.The Galveston Jetty Lighthouse. | B.The Kauhola Point Lighthouse. |
C.The Southeast Lighthouse. | D.The Sabine Bank Lighthouse. |
A.Global warming changes everything. |
B.Lighthouses are well worth protecting. |
C.Most of the Lighthouses are being damaged. |
D.Modern technology helps guide the ship better. |
A.By making a comparison. | B.By analyzing causes. |
C.By giving explanations. | D.By listing examples. |
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【推荐1】For high school seniors who are admitted to multiple colleges, deciding which one to attend often requires additional research and careful consideration. The traditional decision day of May I is approaching, though some colleges have pushed that date back as campuses shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情). As deadlines approach, here are some ways that parents can help, starting with their role in the decision process.
Choosing a college is an exciting but stressful process for many tens. Parents should try to be understanding instead of adding more stress. Getting into a good college isn’t about impressing the neighbors. Although it may be easier said than done, parents shouldn’t compare their ten’s college acceptances or rejections with those of their friends’ children, says Christopher Rim, founder and CEO of Command Education. Doing so just adds more stress to the college decision process, he says. “Not comparing is obviously the advice that I give,” Rim says. “Every student is without doubt so special, so unique and has different passions and interests.”
Teens have probably already spent some time looking into the academic offerings of each college they applied to, but experts say it doesn’t hurt for families to do some additional research before making a final college choice. Parents can help their teens research and think through the width and depth of academic opportunities offered at a college, Christine Chu, a premier college admissions counselor at IvyWise, a New York-based education consulting company, wrote in an email. This includes the majors and minors (副修科目) provided, course selections, accessibility of faculty, undergraduate research opportunities and study abroad programs, she said.
Anyway, if parents really want the students to have buy-in into their choice, it needs to be their choice.
1. What can we know about the traditional decision day?A.It has been postponed owing to the pandemic. |
B.It is set for parents to choose a college for their teens. |
C.It has been cancelled because few students care about it. |
D.It is set for students to decide which college to attend on their own. |
A.The reputation of a college counts among neighbors. |
B.The choice of a college has something to do with neighbors. |
C.Choosing a college actually concerns nobody but the student only. |
D.Neighbors will applaud a student if he or she is admitted into a good university. |
A.Considering courses offered first. |
B.Taking research chances into account. |
C.Reflecting on employment opportunities. |
D.Thinking carefully about the future career. |
A.To inform students of how to apply for a college. |
B.To stress the importance of making the right choice. |
C.To urge students to make college decisions cautiously. |
D.To suggest what parents can do in helping their teens select a college. |
【推荐2】The Maya city of Tikal is famous for its amazing palaces and temples. But something far more ordinary kept Tikal functioning: its water-purifying(净化) system, the earliest known of its kind.
Researchers recently discovered a volcanic mineral that traps microbes(微生物) and heavy metals in Tikal's largest reservoir(水库). Because the material is not found nearby, the finding suggests the presence of a man-made water-purifying device.
The finding denies the long-standing idea that the ancient worlds technological achievements belonged to the Eastern world, like Egypt, and China. The leading scientist of this research, Kenneth Tankersley says, “When talking about purifying water, the Maya were thousands of years ahead.”
Located in the forests of Central America, Tikal, is thought to have been home to more than 45,000 people. They had to struggle against a dry season lasting from November through April. Storing water in reservoirs was a solution, but that water had to be fit to drink, said Kenneth, “Keeping water clean was of great importance.”
A few years ago, the researchers were surprised to find that the largest reservoir, Corriental, had significantly fewer harmful chemicals than the others. “The water quality at Corriental was much higher.”
Somehow the Maya must have been purifying Corriental’s water, the team assumed. “The Maya used gardens as their bathrooms.” Kenneth said, “The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean.”
At the bottom of Corriental, scientists found four separate layers(层), each a few centimeters thick, of millimeter-scale “zeolites(沸石)”. This type of volcanic mineral can purify water and is still in widespread use today, Kenneth says, “Just about everything we drink, from bottled water to wine, runs through a zeolite purifying device.”
The Maya wouldn’t have known about the zeolite in rock, but they would have recognized the purifying effects, the researchers suggest. A zeolite-rich rock formation about 30 kilometers northeast of Tikal is the likely source of the material in Corriental reservoir, the team said last month in Scientific Reports. Water at this site “was clear and tasted good.”
1. What did the researchers find?A.A new material called zeolites. | B.The purifying effects of zeolites. |
C.An old water-purifying system. | D.High-quality water in Corriental. |
A.By building the largest reservoir. | B.By using gardens as their bathrooms. |
C.By getting rid of heavy metals. | D.By spreading four layers of zeolites. |
A.The Maya drank bottled water. | B.The ancient Maya were very bright. |
C.The system was created by accident. | D.The zeolites were found in Corriental. |
A.the original water in Corriental was not clean enough |
B.water supply in Tikal lasted from November to April |
C.all ancient technological achievements belonged to the East |
D.the Maya had a good understanding of the zeolite in rocks |
【推荐3】Flight cancellations(取消) and loss of luggage can ruin even the best-planned holiday. The key to a stress-free trip is having a backup plan.
Fly non-stop. The worst problems involve connections, so it is important to take non-stop flights whenever possible. If you do have to make a connection, try to route through a southern city, where snowstorms and delays will be less likely. Always allow at least two to three hours for flight connections.
Check the weather. Check the weather in your connecting city, not just the arrival and departure city. If your departure flight is cancelled because of weather, you can go home or back to your hotel. Airlines promise to get you on the next available flight, not the next flight. That could be several days later on a sold-out holiday weekend.
Go early. The earlier in the day you fly, the better your chance of getting rebooked the same day after a missed connection. It will also put you ahead of stranded(滞留的) passengers who arrive later.
Rebook immediately. As soon as your flight is delayed or cancelled, get on the phone and rebook your flight instead of waiting at the ticket counter. If your rebooking is delayed, call or ask your travel agent to find a seat on another carrier, and then ask your original carrier to endorse your ticket to the new airline. Airlines are not required to do this but often do.
Ship bags. A few days before your flight, ship suitcases or holiday gifts to your destination by a documented express service. It’s preferable to losing bags because of re-routed flights and sometimes cheaper than paying airline overweight bag fees.
Know your rights. Airlines are not required to compensate passengers for delayed or cancelled flights, but it never hurts to ask for goodwill vouchers(折扣) for meals, taxis or a room.
1. When making a flight connection, it’s common that you’ll ________.A.stop in the south | B.choose a good city without snowstorm |
C.be trapped in the storm | D.go home |
A.through the phone | B.by waiting at the ticket counter |
C.by changing another airline | D.by surfing the Internet |
A.pay | B.ask |
C.host | D.treat |
A.The Worst Problem in the Trip. |
B.The Preparation Before the Flight Trip. |
C.How to Book the Plane Ticket. |
D.How to Plan the Holiday. |
【推荐1】Nothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.
Red Rocks, Morrison, the United States
Red Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.
Meet Factory, Prague, Czech Republic
Smallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.
Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, France
Originally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.
Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia
The Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.
1. Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks. | B.At Meet Factory. | C.At Arena of Nimes. | D.At Sydney Opera House. |
A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery. | B.It hosts both musical and artistic events. |
C.It is the largest venue of all. | D.It is famous for contemporary music. |
A.They have a long history. | B.They are built near the sea. |
C.They accommodate thousands of people. | D.They are beautiful tourist attractions. |
【推荐2】How cool can libraries be in an era(时代)of iPods and Kindles? More than you think. Only if you knew where to go.
Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United States
The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus. Tours began in 2006, two years after its opening. The library holds various art exhibitions, booking signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the Chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shops anytime.
Trinity College Library: Dublin, Ireland
The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. It is the largest single library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 of the library's oldest books. The Long Room has one of the oldest harps(竖琴)in Ireland. Dating to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol of Ireland.
Geise Library, University of California: San Diego, United States
At first glance, it looks like a spaceship. Architect William Pereira, who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston, Texas, designed the library in 1970. It has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels. The library hosts "Dinner in the library", which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from distinguished(卓越的)authors.
Tu Delft Library: Delft, Netherlands
The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazines and its own museum. The building itself exists beneath the ground, so you can't really see the actual library. What makes it interesting is the roof, which is a grassy hill. The roof covers 5,500 square meters. And it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area.
1. In Central Library, you can________.A.buy gifts | B.drink cocktails |
C.enjoy sci-fi films | D.see the old harps |
A.Central Library. | B.Trinity College Library. |
C.Geise Library. | D.TU Delft Library. |
A.it has a roof of grassy hill |
B.it is the largest single library in the world |
C.Queen Elizabeth I found the library. |
D.famous writers often deliver speeches there |
【推荐3】Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now.
Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it?
The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past.
Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too.
1. How does the author feel about his neighbourhood?A.Unsafe. | B.Confused. | C.Bored. | D.Upset. |
A.They prefer modern accommodation. |
B.They get along well with local people. |
C.They want to learn about culture and traditions. |
D.They choose destinations based on local economy. |
A.The advantages of historic preservation. |
B.Recent progress in heritage preservation. |
C.The challenges historic preservation faces. |
D.People’s impression of preservation projects. |