On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40.
The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. What was fun was that Maryam always tried to avoid the media’s spotlight. Her modesty and simplicity despite being the first woman to gain such high status in the world of mathematics—winning what’s often called the “Nobel Prize of math”—stood out to those who knew her.
Maryam originally wanted to be a writer, a. passion of hers that never faded away even during her postgraduate studies. However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. As a student, she was the first female member of Iran’s national team to participate in the International Math Olympiad (IMO), and she won two gold medals in two years—still a record.
She received her bachelor’s degree in Iran. and later studied at Harvard. In 2014, Maryam was recognized with the Fields Medal, the highest-ranking award in mathematics. Her work focused on curved surfaces like spheres (球体). Her achievements have applications in other scientific fields, including engineering and material. science. Unfortunately, at that time she was already tackling the breast cancer.
Maryam’s legend (传奇)may continue to grow after her early death. Still only 20 percent of full-time math teachers at U. S. universities are women. The example of a woman who rose to the top of this still very male field may help inspire math’s next generation.
In the same way people think of Marie Curie or Jane Goodall as scientific pioneers, Maryam Mirzakhani will go down in history as a trailblazer as well as a mathematical genius.
1. Why is Maryam held as a role model? (No more than 15 words)2. What made Maryam stand out to those who knew her? (No more than 10 words)
3. What did Maryam think of solving mathematical problems? (No more than 8 words)
4. What does the underlined word “tackling” mean? (No more than 2 words)
5. What is your example of pioneers? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words. )
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【推荐1】“I want to work full-time in China, honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep. “Why?” asked the wife with surprise, in a drowsy (昏昏欲睡的) voice, from the other side of the ocean.
In the United States, he had a great future ahead. At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements. At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton.
When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China.
The news spread explosively. Many expressed confusion, many persuaded him, many made fun of him, and still many waited to have a good laugh at him.
He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person. Who doesn’t love his motherland, after all? In his heart, the American dream is already something past; the Chinese dream is rising.
After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big. He formed a life science research team. Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory. He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students. His given name, Yigong, comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole-heartedly”. “So far as I’m concerned, awards are of no special meaning.” Shi says calmly.
In his 18 years of study in the United States, he never forgot his Chinese dream. In the next 18 years, the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him.
1. Why was Shi determined to return to China?A.To serve his motherland. | B.To reunite with his wife. |
C.To live a quieter life. | D.To make more money. |
A.Normal. | B.Miserable. | C.Wealthy. | D.Adventurous. |
A.To support his life science research. |
B.To praise his honesty. |
C.To introduce his endless energy in work. |
D.To show his unusual achievements. |
【推荐2】In 2015, Professor Wang Zhenyi, who specializes in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (急性早幼粒细胞白血病), received a letter of thanks from America. The writer of the letter was Mrs. Berna- dette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital, Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukenia. He received the country’s highest honor in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai, Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child. His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve (决心) to fight against diseases and rescue patients. With outstanding academic performance, Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital, today’s Ruijin Hospital,
In 1978, a research paper from Israeli experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal. His research didn’t progress as expected, though. In 1983, another research paper shed light on his study. As the paper suggested, after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid, white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal. Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid, Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA, and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments. In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient. It turned out successful. After eight years of research, Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine, Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date. “One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview. “However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology for over 70 years, Wang has been well recognized for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
1. Why did Mrs.Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang?A.To express her thanks. | B.To ask for medical suggestions. |
C.To share her battle against APL. | D.To update information about APL treatment. |
A.His grandmother’s death. | B.The example of a family friend. |
C.His great academic achievements. | D.The inspiration from foreign experts. |
A.Denied. | B.Researched. | C.Predicted. | D.Confirmed. |
A.The application of ATRA | B.A doctor with a kind heart |
C.The Chinese cure for APL patients | D.The remarkable honors a lifesaver got |
【推荐3】Oscar Wrigley, a two-year-old child with the same IQ as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking, has become the youngest boy in Britain to be accepted into Mensa.
A leader at the Gifted Children’s Information Centre said Oscar, with an IQ of at least 160, is one of the brightest children they have ever come across.
Oscar’s father Joe, 29, an IT specialist, said, “He is always asking questions. Every parent likes to think their child is special but we knew there was something very unusual about Oscar. I’m fully expecting the day to come when he turns around and tells me I’m an idiot(白痴).”
Mother Hannah, 26, told The Daily Mail, “He surprises everyone. We knew at 12 weeks he was quite bright. He was unusually quick in mind. The other day he said to me, ‘Mummy, sausages are like a party in my mouth.’ His vocabulary is surprising. He’s able to make complex sentences.”
Dr Peter Congdon, who tested Oscar, said he was a “child of very superior intelligence (超常智力)”. He showed outstanding ability. “Oscar shows great gift. Changing that gift to success is the challenge for his parents and we are pleased that they have chosen to join the Mensa network for support”, he said. Exactly speaking, Oscar was accepted at the age of two years, five months and 11 days.
The youngest British girl to join Mensa is Elise Tan Roberts, from Edmonton, North London, at two years, four months and 14 days, with an IQ of 156.
1. Why was Oscar Wrigley accepted into Mensa?A.Because he is cleverer than Albert Einstein. |
B.Because he has very superior intelligence. |
C.Because he is the brightest child in Britain. |
D.Because his father is an IT specialist of Mensa. |
A.the cleverest boy in the world |
B.the brightest adult in Britain |
C.a club for people with superior intelligence |
D.a family with superior intelligence |
A.change his gift to success | B.answer his questions |
C.test his gift | D.know him well |
A.to tell us a family with the cleverest child |
B.to give us some ways to have the same IQ as Albert Einstein |
C.to explain how Oscar becomes a clever child |
D.to tell us a boy with the same IQ as Albert Einstein |
【推荐1】Adding to the achievements of a remarkable year, Taylor Swift has been named Time magazine’s Person of the Year for 2023.
Already a superstar before 2023, Swift’s career has reached new heights thanks to the beginning of her Eras Tour that brought her 3.5-hour performance to 66 shows in 23 cities across North America, Argentina and Brazil. Promoted by her tour, Swift has been named the most-streamed female artist in the history of Spotify and Apple Music. According to Billboard, the tour made about $900 million (about 6.4 billion yuan) in 2023. In addition, the tour’s movie Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour became the biggest concert movie of all time, taking more than $250
million globally.As she was declare a billionaire by Bloomberg in November, a hidden “Taylor Swift economy” also promoted sales for business owners across the US. From soaps to a cruise inspired by her different “eras”, interest in Swift-related products went way up.
Apart from her financial contributions, Swift made a significant cultural impact by taking back control of her music. In 2019, her old record label, Big Machine, sold the master tapes of her first six albums (专辑) to Scoot er Braun. The sale meant that she didn’t have the rights to the albums. In response to this, Swift began re-recording her first six albums, tagging (加标签于) them “Taylor’s Version”. This move stressed her belief that artists deserve to own their work. “It’s all in how you deal with loss,” she told Time. “I respond to extreme pain by resisting.”
Heading into 2024, Swift will start the Eras Tour again in Japan and Australia. As USA Today noted, “Her current top has been a long time coming, but it may also be just beginning.”
1. What do we know about Taylor Swift?A.She broke a new record on her tour. | B.She toured South America before 2023. |
C.Her achievements received great recognition. | D.Her performance began with the Apple Music. |
A.She proved herself to be an artist. | B.She learned to make some products. |
C.She had influence on music culture. | D.She sold her master tapes to a company. |
A.She will end her music career. | B.She will continue her Eras Tour. |
C.She will reach her top in Japan. | D.She will make a record in Australia. |
A.Admirable. | B.Uncaring. | C.Doubtful. | D.Critical. |
【推荐2】Leymah Gbowee, ever awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, dreamed of peace and made it happen, founding a movement of women who brought peace and a female president to Liberia.
On the night of her high school graduation party, surrounded by family, neighbors, and friends, Leymah Gbowee imagined a bright future. She planned to study biology and chemistry in college and become a pediatrician. Instead, Gbowee writes in her autobiography (自传), Mighty Be Our Powers, within six months of that party in 1989, everything around her was gone — her country torn apart by civil war, her family broken, her plans abandoned. And Gbowee never became a doctor. Gbowee saw civilians murdered before her eyes. She fled with relatives from one shelter to another, often went hungry. Upon returning to Liberia in 1991, she saw a terrible sight: everyone had fled, leaving their homes to the fighters.
Yet her spirit wouldn’t die. She began studying under a UNICEF program. Finally, with her family’s help, she imagined a movement of women demanding peace in Liberia and made it happen. Traveling from village to village, Gbowee began organizing women and persuaded women of different cultures to unite; under her leadership, thousands of women were dressed all in white to symbolize peace. Gbowee writes: “We were silent before, but after so many of us have been killed, fallen with diseases, and lost our children and families, war has taught us that the future lies in saying no to violence and yes to peace!”
The women had reason to fear, but Gbowee had no choice. Then women could register to vote. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became Africa’s first female president in 2005. Gbowee’s work was just beginning. She now travels around the world, meeting with everyone from presidents to CEOs to people living in tiny villages, fighting for women and girls.
1. Why was Leymah Gbowee awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?A.Because she contributed to the education in Liberia. |
B.Because she contributed to the women’s movement. |
C.Because she contributed to stopping the world war. |
D.Because she contributed to protecting the environment. |
A.teacher. | B.politician. |
C.doctor. | D.biologist. |
A.The war strengthened her spirit. | B.She gave up a UNICEF program. |
C.She kept silent after the war. | D.She didn’t expect peace at all. |
A.She will be another female president. |
B.She will make efforts to be CEO of a company. |
C.She doesn’t have any sense of fear. |
D.She still has a long way to go. |
【推荐3】When Huang Xiqin took a job as an appraiser (估价员) after graduating from university in 1992, her occupation was a strange concept to most Chinese people. On the China’s mainland, there were no more than 100 appraisers, according to Huang, chairwoman of Guozhonglian Appraisals and a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.
Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, where her company is headquartered, was the first China’s mainland city to introduce the value consulting industry thanks to the reform and opening-up policy launched in 1978. It was not until 1996 that such qualification examinations were made available nationwide. She advised we should learn from our neighbor Hong Kong. At that time, many of the appraisal reports in Shenzhen were written in traditional Chinese characters, which are widely used in Hong Kong.
Enthusiastic about the new industry, Huang devoted almost all of her time to studying and she went on to pass three of the qualification tests for appraisers between 1996 and 1998. It was challenging. The test for asset appraisers, for example, requires knowledge on almost all items related to company balance sheets. One of the subjects is electromagnetically engineering, and examinees must master all major items of large-scale equipment in China in order to pass. She was so busy that she could only finish work at 8 pm. And she would go to the library and stay there studying until closing time. After going home, she continued studying until midnight, and kept going like this for more than seven years.
Though tired and having almost no time for entertainment, she was thankful for the reform and opening-up policy that enabled Shenzhen to pioneer in many aspects and allowed her company to develop.
1. What was special about Huang Xiqin’s profession in the 1990s?A.No entertainment. | B.High salary. |
C.Great concentration. | D.Small numbers of employees. |
A.Because of its wide spread. |
B.Because of the development of education. |
C.Because of the reform and opening-up policy. |
D.Because of the highly challenging qualification tests. |
A.It was easy to pass them. |
B.They were demanding. |
C.Huang Xiqin wanted to pass more of them. |
D.They were mainly related to company administration. |
A.Ambitious and hard-working. | B.Learned and warm-hearted. |
C.Humorous and easy-going. | D.Helpful and energetic. |