Whether it’s a supermarket or a car commercial, many of the prices you experience are likely to have something in common. Prices are more likely to end in .99 more than any other pair of numbers — and certainly more than the even .00. We probably don’t think twice about buying something for $5.99 or $16.99, but it is a little strange when you think about it. Why aren’t prices just even dollar amounts? Is it a carefully organized marketing plan to get you to spend more?
Well, basically … yes. But there’s really nothing that is carefully planned about it. It’s actually pretty simple. “It’s a type of psychological (心理的) pricing,” says Julie Ramhold, a consumer (消费者) expert. “Because we read from left to right, we pay less attention to the end of the number versus the beginning.” This is especially effective if you’re just quickly reading several prices in a row. Therefore, the first number will definitely stand out to you more.
Of course, we still know that $9.99 is basically ten dollars, not nine dollars. But the $.99 trick takes advantage of the way our brains process prices. When we see a price of $9.99, we associate it as part of the $9-$9.99 range rather than the $10-$10.99 range. “Consumers don’t want to go beyond a certain type, so even a penny less may make a huge psychological difference,” explains Subimal Chatterjee, a successful and respected teaching professor of Marketing at Binghamton University School of Management.
This strategy is especially effective when it’s a change in the number of digits (数位). $99.99 is just inside the two-digits range, so it seems like a score … even though you basically are paying a hundred dollars. And, of course, the sellers are getting the most money they possibly could within that lower range, because 99 cents is only a cent below the higher range.
1. What does the first paragraph say about goods in stores?A.They are of high quality. | B.They are available at a discount. |
C.They tend to be priced at $.99. | D.They are always in great demand. |
A.First come first serve. | B.Psychological pricing. |
C.Small profits but quick returns. | D.Buy one and get one free. |
A.The bag costs not more than $100. |
B.The bag is sold at a reasonable price. |
C.The price is a lucky number. |
D.The price is within the four-digits range. |
A.Sales Strategy Consumers Fail to Realize |
B.Buying Habits Most Consumers Share |
C.Promotion Plans Stores Have in Common |
D.The Real Reason Most Prices End in .99 |
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【推荐1】Here are some things that you can buy as gifts for your friends who are birdwatchers.
A window-mounted bird feederOne way to guarantee a close-up look at the birds in your garden is to bring them all the way to the house. This bird feeder is solidly built with strong suction (吸) cups that you can tie to your windows, giving you a good view of your winged visitors.
A pair of binocularsBinoculars are a birdwatcher’s best friend! They work like two small telescopes joined together, allowing you to use both eyes to see distant birds as if they were right in front of you. They’re perfect for spotting feathered friends in the wild, whether the birds are high up in the trees or soaring across the sky. When you peer through them, you get a view that makes every little detail of the birds — their colors, beaks, and even the texture of their feathers.
The Robin: A Biography by Stephen MossThis beautifully illustrated book draws readers into the mysterious world of Britain’s favourite bird, the red robin — a familiar sight in all winter gardens, but as naturalist Stephen Moss demonstrates, one we hardly know. Combining convincing storytelling with biological fact, Moss guides us through a year in the life of the robin, from the moment it hatches from its egg to its all too timely mortality (死亡) — the robin tends to live a me re 13 months , adding to its precious quality.
A reusable thermal bottleEvery good birding expedition needs a bottle of steaming hot tea. A reusable bottle decorated with lifelike drawings of classic British birds combines a natural aesthetic (美感) with practicality. It can keep not only hot drinks but also cold drinks.
1. What do we know about binoculars?A.They can attract birds to your house. |
B.They show images in black and white. |
C.They can provide detailed views of birdwatching. |
D.They’re too heavy to carry for birdwatchers. |
A.The lifetime of a bird. | B.The death of a bird. |
C.The quantity of a bird. | D.The birth of a bird. |
A.They involve rare birds | B.They attract users with pictures. |
C.They are for practical use | D.They spread bird knowledge |
Take a look at the following two examples from the list of "101 things not to do":
Swim with Dolphins(海豚)?
Swimming with dolphins is one of the world’s most profitable tourist activities. However, every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming pushing around them in the water.Worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨).
Here’s a little secret. Dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually they’re just opening mouths.Go to See the Mona Lisa?
There must be something about the mysterious(神秘的) smile. The 6 million people who visit the lady in the Louvre every year can’t all be wrong after all. But they can be quite annoying standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact, it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most.If the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldn’t just be smiling, she laughing. So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Tings NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www.not2dobeforeidie.co.uk and buy the book at a 20% discount.
1. According to the passage, swimming with dolphins________.A.is the world’s most popular tourist activity |
B.gives fun to both tourists and dolphins |
C.will make tourists busy and tired |
D.can cause danger to dolphins |
A.It is wrong to go and see the mysterious smile. |
B.It is not as satisfying as expected. |
C.Fifteen seconds in front of the painting is enough. |
D.Queuing for hours is worthwhile. |
A.thinks it boring to do the things suggested by other lists |
B.believes other lists are not humorous enough |
C.intends to persuade people to read more lists |
D.wants to provide a list different from other lists |
A.To advertise a book. |
B.To introduce a website. |
C.To comment on popular lists. |
D.To recommend tourist activities. |
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.
Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package—blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote (推销) their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.”
1. Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?
A.The cost of its package. | B.The price of the product. |
C.The colour of its package. | D.The brand name of the product. |
A.attracted the customers strongly | B.caused the customers to lose interest |
C.tricked the customers into shopping | D.had weak effects on the customers |
A.The way to promote goods. | B.The discovery of a genius. |
C.The team to produce a good product. | D.The brand name used by successful producers. |
A.Making soap is so easy that any fool in the world can make it. |
B.Greens, yellows or silver are considered to be healthy colours. |
C.25 years ago, the founder of Pears soap was a pretty girl herself. |
D.The size of a product can have an effect on the shoppers. |
A.Choice of Good Products | B.Disadvantages of Products |
C.Effect of Packaging on Shopping | D.Brand Names and Shopping Tricks |
【推荐1】Is there a strange something high up in the world’s tallest mountains? If so, is it a big bear? Is it a monkey? Or is it a kind of man? No one knows. This mystery has puzzled the world for years.
In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow. They looked like the footsteps of a very large man. But men don’t walk without shoes in the snow!
In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps. He saw a very large animal standing on two legs. As he watched, it ran away very quickly. Fifteen years later, a newspaper had new stories about the “something”. A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.
From then on, more and more people had stories to tell. But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey. Could it be an apeman (猿人)? And the mystery keeps growing. Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.
1. The passage is about ________.A.some mountain climbers |
B.some strange animals |
C.the snow |
D.the mystery of the large footsteps |
A.Because they were the footsteps of a large bear. |
B.Because they looked like the footsteps of a large man. |
C.Because they were found in the snow. |
D.Because they were found in the mountains. |
A.In 1887. | B.In 1906. |
C.In 1951. | D.In 1921. |
A.They were the footsteps of an apeman. |
B.They were the footsteps of a snowman. |
C.The pictures showed clearly how the snowman walked. |
D.People still don’t know who made the footsteps. |
A.Snow | B.The large footsteps |
C.A big bear | D.Monkey |
【推荐2】Self-image is a mental blueprint or picture of ourselves - our own conception of the sort of person we are. Self-image is built up from our own beliefs about ourselves, the beliefs formed from our past experiences, successes, failures, relationships, etc.
Once a belief about ourselves is programmed into our minds, we act upon it as if it were true. Our positive beliefs are developed when we do something successfully or are recognized by people around us. Our negative beliefs are also developed when we give in to negative ideas. When we fail in something, some of us conclude that we are unsuccessful, unwanted, condemned, etc.
Thus, self-image is the key element in determining whether our internal guidance system functions for success or for failure. It sets the limits of our accomplishments, It determines what we can and cannot do. Self-image creates your character and your personality as well.
You may think the concept of self-image being an internal guidance system was got from the thought of a trained psychologist. In reality, the idea came from Maxwell Maltz, a plastic surgeon who was more interested in helping people by giving them emotional facelifts, rather than just physical ones.
“Expand the self-image and you expand the ‘area of the possible’,” said Dr Maltz.
Maltz determined that the human brain and nervous system function as a kind of goal-seeking device similar to that used to guide airplanes on automatic pilot. Maltz’s idea is simple: each one of us is capable of taking control of our self-image and programming our automatic guidance system for success. According to Maltz, all behavior is defined by the self-image and no real behavioral change can take place unless the self-image is changed.
1. According the passage, our self-image is build up from the following except__________.A.experiences | B.successes | C.hope | D.failures |
A.The formation of self-image. | B.The function of self-image. |
C.The definition of self-image. | D.The advantages of self-image. |
A.A doctor. | B.A chemist. | C.A psychologist. | D.An environmentalist. |
A.It is used to guide airplanes. |
B.It has an effect on our behavior. |
C.It can be controlled by our nervous system. |
D.It can serve as a goal-setting device. |
【推荐3】Robots have long been drawing inspiration from animals, with the creation of robot dogs or snake-shaped robots. And yet, the field of robotics is far less enthusiastic about the other kind of living things—plants. Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist owes this to a misconception about plant behavior: that they cannot move or think. “It’s not true at all,” she says. To challenge this view, Dr Mazzolai and her team recently launched a machine called “FiloBot”, a robot based on a climbing species.
To survive, a climbing plant must switch between several different behaviors. In forest environments, it must first grow out of the soil and travel along the ground in search of a support to hold onto, such as a nearby tree. Once a support is located, though, the plant fixes itself around the object and then growing towards the light. To choose the best angle to grow upwards, a climbing plant uses its shoots(芽) to receive information about light and gravity.
FiloBot has sensors on its main shoot. It can 3D-print its body with plastic and grow at a controllable rate. These functions, researchers found, enabled FiloBot to cross gaps, and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing device means that it is light and requires minimal care, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it, making it possible to move through a complex, unseen environment, or monitoring disaster sites.
For now, FiloBot is still being tested. Its tendrils(卷须) have not left the laboratory. Still, it has already been employed in deconstructing plant behaviour. For example, it was long assumed that climbing plants find their supports by growing towards shade, though the exact mechanism was unclear. FiloBot could imitate this behaviour by detecting far-red light, which is typical of shaded areas, providing clues to how plants do it.
Dr Mazzolai hopes that such projects will inspire other roboticists to take their cues from plants and develop completely new technologies.
1. What does the misconception about plants in the field of robotics focus on?A.Their shapes. | B.Their diversity. |
C.Their body language. | D.Their capabilities. |
A.It moves quickly. | B.It has a solid metal body. |
C.It adapts to different environment. | D.It is attached to huge computers. |
A.The limitations of FiloBot. | B.The current use of FiloBot. |
C.The components of FiloBot. | D.The unique feature of FiloBot’s design. |
A.A Role Model for Robotics Research |
B.A Glimpse into the World of Robotics |
C.A Plant-Inspired Innovation in Robotics |
D.A Misunderstanding of the Plant Kingdom |
【推荐1】American college students are becoming more adventuresome as they study abroad, showing less interests in English-speaking destinations such as Great Britain and Australia and more in such countries as China, India, Argentina and Brazil.
Britain remained the most popular study destination in 2005, according to annual figures from the Institute of International Education, followed by Italy, Spain and France. But the number of American students studying in Britain and Australia descended a little, even as the number of American students abroad rose by 8%. The growth came in non-English speaking European countries and in Asia. China is now the eighth most popular destination for American students, attracting nearly 6,400 in 2005, up 35% from the number of the year before. Argentina and India saw increases of more than 50%.
Allan Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education, said that a range of factors contributed to the trend, from growing awareness of globalization after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, to programs such as former President Bush’s National Security Language Initiative, which trains soldiers, intelligence officers and diplomats in foreign languages. “What Americans are doing is waking up and discovering there’s a world out there,” he said.
Other figures showed the flow of students in the opposite direction, from foreign countries into American universities. The institute found that international enrollment (入学) in American higher education remained steady at about 565,000. The figures are of keen interest to universities, which depend on foreign students for teaching and research help, and to policy-makers, who consider it important, as future foreign leaders may be familiar with the United States. The year of 2005 saw big increases in students from South Korea, Mexico and Taiwan of China. India sends the most students and China is No.2. Other countries that show large percentage increases in the number of students sent to the US include Nepal and Vietnam, while Japan, Turkey and Malaysia saw declines. About 58% of international students in the US come from Asia.
1. What does the underlined word “descended” in Paragraph 2 means?A.Changed. | B.Declined. | C.Multiplied. | D.Increased. |
A.They expect to get more teaching and research help. |
B.They lose confidence in English-speaking countries. |
C.They are afraid that terrorist attacks will happen again. |
D.They prefer to explore a different world from their own. |
A.China. | B.India. | C.Argentina. | D.Britain. |
A.There were 6,400 American students studying in China in 2005. |
B.Chinese students to America will overpass Indians in the future. |
C.International enrollment in American higher education changed a lot. |
D.Asian students account for a large part of foreign students in America. |
【推荐2】It’s well known that weightlifting can strengthen our muscles. Now, there’s increasing evidence that strengthening the muscles we use to breathe is beneficial too. New research shows that daily muscle training helps promote heart health and reduces high blood pressure.
“The muscles we use to breathe tend to shrink as we get older,” explains researcher Daniel, a physiologist at the University of Colorado Boulder. To test what happens when these muscles are given a good workout, he and his colleagues recruited healthy volunteers aged 18 to 82 to try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device. When people breathe into it, the device provides resistance, making it harder to breathe. “We found that doing 30 breaths per day for six weeks lowers blood pressure by about 9 mmHg,” Daniel says. According to Joyner, a physician at the Mayo Clinic who studies how the nervous system regulates blood pressure, that is the type of reduction with a blood pressure drug.
So, how exactly does breath training lower blood pressure? Daniel points to the role of endothelial (内皮的) cells, which help widen our blood vessels (血管) and promote good blood flow. “What we found was that six weeks of the training will increase endothelial l function by about 45%,”Daniel explains.
The new study builds on a previous study and adds to the evidence that the training is beneficial for adults of all ages. Before the results came in, Daniel had suspected that young, health y adults might not benefit as much. “But we saw strong effects,” Daniel says, pointing to a significant decline in blood pressure for participants of all ages. He says the finding suggests the training could help healthy young people prevent heart disease and the rise in blood pressure that tends to occur with aging.
The technique is not intended to replace exercise, he cautions, or to replace medicine for people with high blood pressure. Instead, Daniel says, “it would be a good additional prevention for people who are doing other healthy lifestyle approaches already.”
1. Who was most likely to be a volunteer in the study?A.An adult working nearby. | B.A pupil from a local school. |
C.A senior with heart disease. | D.A backpacker staying for 2 weeks. |
A.giving the muscles a good workout. | B.doing 30 breaths per day for six weeks. |
C.regulating blood pressure by the nerves. | D.lowering blood pressure by about 9 mmHg. |
A.It was far from satisfactory. | B.It confirmed Daniel’s doubt. |
C.It was contrary to the previous study. | D.It was beyond Daniel’s expectation. |
A.Muscle training to promote our health. | B.Weightlifting to strengthen our muscles. |
C.Daily breath training to reduce blood pressure. | D.Lifestyle approaches to preventing blood diseases. |
【推荐3】The country tide style suits the appearance and temperament of compatriots more, also let a person more comfortable. And most of the guochao things are very cost-effective, some old brands developed for many years, have a relatively complete industrial chain, the price is still conscience, coupled with the help of the Internet, the development of the past two years is getting better and better." Chen Jiayi, a college junior in Tianjin, said.
"What makes a fashion trend? If one or two people use it, it won't become popular. If they don't really use it, it won't be considered fashion. Today, we have in-depth contacts with most countries in the world, have a full understanding of the world, and still have a full confidence in ourselves. This pride is rational." Su Junbin, an associate professor at the School of Journalism and Communication at Xiamen University, said.
In the survey, 96.0% of the young people surveyed are willing to pay for national fashion products.
He Yu, from Sichuan province, bought a lot of Guo-chao T-shirts in high school. "Eye shadow palettes with Chinese elements have been doing well in recent years, and food is also a feature."
According to the survey, 75.3 percent of Korean consumers bought fashion products, including clothing (75.3 percent), cosmetics (48.6 percent), gourmet food (47 percent), daily necessities (43.5 percent), and fashion games (42.4 percent).
Ge Kaiqi, a freshman majoring in animation design, has bought ice cream and postcards from the Palace Museum. "The ice cream is very similar to the Palace Museum, which makes people want to taste the ice cream without destroying its elegance. Postcards are colorful, imaginative and memorable."
There are many honest merchants on the market, but it takes time to identify those who are fishing in troubled waters. And our handicrafts, traditional clothes and so on are still more expensive. I wanted to buy a traditional oil-paper umbrella with beautiful ink paintings, but at more than 300 yuan, it's still too expensive for me. I can only do my best when buying Chinese fashion products." Chen jiayi said.
1. Why are Chinese products becoming more and more popular?A.In line with the aesthetic of the people. | B.Promotion by foreign media. |
C.Exchanges with other countries. | D.The audience of goods is wide. |
A.Food | B.Stationery |
C.Clothing | D.Fashion games |
A.手提包 | B.动画 |
C.手帕 | D.手工艺品 |
A.We are all going to buy the fashionable products. |
B.Buy fashionable products according to one's ability. |
C.Young people are going to make fashionable products. |
D.Fashionable products should incorporate Chinese elements. |