【推荐1】From 1990 to 2000, fishermen seeking swordfish off the coast of California accidentally caught and killed over 100 sea turtles, and injured many more. In 2001, the federal government established the Pacific Leatherback Conservation Area (PLCA), a region off the coast of California where fishing boats aren’t allowed to enter from August through November. Since then, the number of turtles killed by mistake has fallen rapidly, but a handful of animals still die from being caught in fishing nets each year. And meanwhile, the once $15 million swordfish industry has become a $2 million industry.

Scientists are hoping to find a way to both protect sea turtles and other endangered creatures and help fishermen make a living. For this, many are looking at dynamic (动态的) ocean management to help fishing boats meet fish where they are and avoid catching other fish by mistake.

The first paper to suggest that the fish that live in the open ocean should be guarded with fluid, ever-changing zones of protection, came out in 2000. Larry Crowder, a professor at Hopkins Marine Station, remembers reading it and thinking,“ Cool idea, but it will never work.” In 2000, scientists didn’t have the computer power to cheaply test statistical models or deal with satellite data quickly. They didn’t have enough data dealing with fish or satellite data on ocean conditions, either.

Now scientists can download oceans of satellite data in minutes, and attach satellite archival tags (档案标签) to marine (海洋的) animals to track their movements. They first collect data by marking the creatures, collecting reports from fishing boats, or other tracking methods. Then they compare that data with weather conditions, the time of year, and any other data that can be sensed. Finally, they can forecast where fish are likely to be.

Crowder and his colleagues used the data to develop a tool called EcoCast, which shows fishermen a daily map where there are more fish they desire. According to statistical modeling, if fishers had used EcoCast during the 2012 and 2015 fishing seasons, they could have fished in at least 125,000 more square miles than were open to them, without significant risk of hurting turtles.

1. The federal government hopes the PLCA and its rules can_________.

A．prevent fishing in the PLCA

B．help collect data for future researches

C．protect the creatures in the area to some degree

D．make the public realize the importance of our environment

2. What did Larry Crowder think of dynamic ocean management at first?

A．It was unrealistic.

B．It was stupid.

C．It was possible.

D．It was interesting.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．An effective way to collect data.

B．Some fruits in the related technology.

C．A scientific method to find specific species.

D．The way dynamic ocean management works.

4. What should be the advantage of using EcoCast?

A．It protects the marine environment from pollution.

B．It reduces the risk of national economical loss.

C．It prevents fishermen from getting lost while fishing.

D．It both protects ocean animals and supports fishery.

【推荐2】Jane Goodall was born in Bournemouth, England, on April 3, 1934. As a child, she had a natural love for the outdoors and animals. When Jane was about eight she read the Tarzan and Dr. Dolittle series and, in love with Africa, dreamed of traveling to work with the animals.

Finally, at age 23, she left for Nairobi, Kenya. There, Jane met famed Dr. Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey, who offered her a job at the local natural history museum. She worked there for a time before Leakey decided to send her to the Gombe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees. He felt her strong interest in animals and nature, and her knowledge as well as high energy made her a great candidate to study the chimpanzees.

In December 1958, Jane returned home to England and Leakey began to make arrangements for the expedition (考察), securing the appropriate permissions from the government and raising funds. In May 1960, Jane learned that Leakey had gained funding from the Wilkie Brothers Foundation.

Jane arrived by boat at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika with her mother. The early weeks at Gombe were challenging. Jane developed a fever that delayed the start of her work. Finally, an older chimpanzee named David Greybeard, began to allow Jane to watch him. As a high ranking male of the chimpanzee community, his acceptance meant other group members also allowed Jane to observe. It was David Greybeard whom Jane first witnessed using tools. Excited, she telegraphed Dr. Leakey about her observation. He wrote back, “Now we must redefine ‘tool,’ and ‘man,’ or accept chimpanzees as humans.”

Jane continued to work in the field and, with Leakey’s help, began her doctoral program without an undergraduate degree in 1962. At Cambridge University, she found herself at odds with senior scientists over the methods she used — how she had named the chimpanzees rather than using the more common numbering system, and for suggesting that the chimps have emotions and personalities. She further upset those in power at the university when she wrote her first book, My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees, aimed at the general public rather than an academic audience. The book was wildly popular, and her academic peers were outraged. Dr. Jane Goodall earned her Ph.D. on February 9, 1966, and continued to work at Gombe for the next twenty years.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .

A．Jane was the first to discover chimpanzees use tools

B．a journey to Kenya rooted Jane’s deep love for animals

C．Dr. Leakey easily raised funds from the Wilkie Brothers Foundation

D．Jane’s work at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve went along smoothly

2. What is the academic peers’ attitude towards Jane’s first book?

A．Extremely puzzled.	B．Genuinely pleased.
C．Really angry.	D．Truly sensitive.

3. What does the underlined sentence imply in paragraph 5?

A．Jane’s study of chimpanzees received no support from scientists.

B．Jane’s method inspired more scientists to make further discoveries.

C．Jane’s achievements quickly attracted attention from senior scientists.

D．Senior scientists disagreed with Jane’s method in observing chimpanzees.

4. What message is mainly conveyed in the passage?

A．Passion and hard work can make a difference in scientific research.

B．Cooperation is the key to making significant discoveries.

C．Challenging senior scientists is a must in gaining fame.

D．High energy counts in achieving great success.

【推荐3】Researchers who helped discover a new species of Mexican butterfly are offering to sell the naming rights to raise money to fund more research. Co-discoverer Andrew Warren is hoping to raise at least $50,000 by auctioning(拍卖) off the rights to name the 4-inch “owl eye” butterfly, which lives in Sonora, a Mexican state bordering Arizona.
“That would support at least two years of research for our team down in Mexico,” Warren said. “Money goes a long way down here in Mexico.”
According to the scientific tradition, discoverers of a new species have the say in naming it. In recent years, some discoverers have auctioned off their naming rights to raise money.
Warren said the amount being sought for the butterfly is not out of the question, noting that naming rights for a new monkey species brought in $650,000 two years ago. A group of 10 new fish species that went on the naming auction block at the same time earlier this year brought in a total of $2 million.
The butterfly discovered by Warren and researcher George Austin ranges as far north as Mexico.
The butterfly was actually in a collection, misidentified as an example of another new species, at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of National History in Gainesville, said Warren. They soon began the hard process of determining that it was indeed a “new” model of butterfly.
After checking photos and comparing it with other known species, they determined it was a separate species.
1. Where did the researchers discover the new species of butterflies?

A．In Sonora.	B．In Mexico state.
C．In a place in US.	D．Near the US-Mexico border.

2. Why will the researchers sell the naming rights of the butterfly?

A．To raise money for wildlife protection.

B．To raise money for more research.

C．To cause people’s attention to the new discovery.

D．To cover the cost of the research.

3. When the butterfly was first discovered, people thought ______.

A．it was a new species at once

B．it wasn’t a species of American butterfly

C．it belonged to the monarch branches

D．it belonged to a new species

4. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．the new species of butterfly live both in the US and Mexico

B．it took the researchers a lot of efforts to determine the new species of butterfly

C．the researchers are not sure whether they can get the money they want from the auction

D．it is the first time that the new species of butterfly has been found

【推荐1】Where the streets smell like cheese: Milwaukee tries dairy waste as de-icer

In response to the winter storm striking the area last weekend, street crews of Milwaukee, a city in Wisconsin, will be spreading cheese brine(卤水)along its ice-covered streets this winter as an alternative of normally used rock salt, which serves as an essential road de-icer despite its damaging impact on the environment.

The trial was inspired by a successful experiment in rural Polk County. In addition to being a more effective de-icer due to a lower freezing point, the cheesy liquid prevents rock salt from bouncing and scattering off roadways, which means less has to be used and less of it ends up entering the surrounding environment.

Milwaukee can make good use of the difficult-to-dispose type of organic waste found in great abundance across the state: salty leftover cheese-making juice. Sometimes you just have to get creative and work with the type of waste byproduct and turn it into something beneficial. When the first cheese brine salt trucks of the city appeared in the street last week, Tom Barrett, Mayor of Milwaukee, compared the act to “thinking outside of the cheese box”.

To be clear, Milwaukee won’t completely replace rock salt with thousands of gallons of salty cheese juice. The project, which will first be tested in Bay View neighborhood, will involve a mixture of rock salt and cheese brine. The brine will be sourced from a production plant owned by F&A Dairy in Polk County. Milwaukee will save in rock salt costs while F&A Dairy, which transforms 900, 000 pounds of milk into cheese every day, will save cash in the brine disposal.

While it is noted that the cheese brine solution has a “distinctive odor.” Emil Norby, the gentleman who originally thought of using cheese brine to treat ice-covered roads, explains that Milwaukee residents can expect to experience the slight bad milk smell once the cheese brine is applied to streets. He smiles, “I don’t really mind it. Our roads smell like Wisconsin!”

1. Why does the cheese brine become an option as a road de-icer?

A．It increases the consumption of cheese.	B．It decreases milk byproducts.
C．It is from experiences of Polk County.	D．It’s more effective and eco-friendly.

2. What can the underlined idiom in the 3rd paragraph be used to describe?

A．A test with an expected result.	B．A trial made creatively.
C．A company benefiting the locals.	D．A volunteer who protects environments.

3. What do people think of the project of the city and F&A Dairy?

A．It will make a fortune for the city.	B．It will change the life of local people.
C．It will attract more investment.	D．It will be a win-win co-operation.

4. How do the locals respond to the smell of cheese brine according to Norby?

A．It will lead to bad appetite.	B．It may make them sick.
C．It is still acceptable.	D．It cannot be noticed.

【推荐2】For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.

One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release (释放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.

Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the much­needed land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.

1. The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means “________”.

A．carries away	B．takes up
C．gives out	D．breathes in

2. Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?

A．More building materials.

B．More trees and grass.

C．More parking lots.

D．More rooftop gardens.

3. When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?

A．They make people much happier.

B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.

C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.

D．They have become very popular in recent years.

4. What's the author's attitude towards rooftop gardens?

A．Sceptical.	B．Supportive.
C．Critical.	D．Objective.

【推荐3】Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change and threaten biodiversity(生物多样性).

As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is   often called “the lungs of   the world”. It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people. The vast lands of rainforest play an important role in the world’s ecosystem because they take in heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere. They also store carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)and produce oxygen, making sure that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change.

“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity,” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The shocking threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere,” he stressed. “Facing the global climate change, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.

Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were recorded in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018, INPE said. “It’s reported that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months,” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose drop could have severe results for global climate and rainfall. The size of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has transcended(超出）Brazil’s borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian areas.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?

A．The effects of climate change.

B．The role of the Amazon rainforest.

C．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires.

D．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.

2. Which of the following best explains “mitigating” underlined in Paragraph2?

A．Easing.	B．Causing.
C．Worsening.	D．Benefiting

3. What can we learn from Thomas’s and Antonio’s words?

A．The biodiversity makes the rainforests unique.

B．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.

C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.

D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.

4. Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?

A．Sports and music.	B．Science and technology.
C．Nature and geography.	D．Business and culture.

【推荐1】Nowadays, we live in a strict and judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults of others and yet seem to ignore their own ones. Some misguided souls believe they have a moral duty to help you be a better person telling you what a failure you really are.

If you’re the one placing criticism upon others, please stop. Make a conscious decision, rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, and you can offer helpful suggestions. If I’m painting a living room and making a mess in doing so, I’d have my husband say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than have him point out what a careless painter I am.

If you’re on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you’re doing, the natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. It diffuses a potentially explosive situation. It’s important to keep calm and listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Could I have done better, and been more thoughtful? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? Is there any truth in what the other person says? If so, how can I improve?

In any event, one should remember the saying, “Stop judging and you will not be judged. Stop condemning(指责) and you will not be condemned.” One can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact his or her relationship with the other party. Let it go and that will be “OK”.

1. According to the author, today’s people_____.

A．ignore the mistakes of others

B．focus on how to handle mistakes

C．like to point out the mistakes of others

D．have a moral duty to point out others’ faults

2. Which of the following best explains “diffuses” underlined in Paragraph 3?

A．spreads	B．improves
C．reduces	D．conveys

3. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A．Is criticism really necessary?

B．What can you learn from criticism?

C．What’s the best way to voice criticism?

D．How to criticize and reply to criticism?

【推荐3】School pupils in England will be grouped into “bubbles” when the new academic year starts in September, with mass activities such1 as assemblies (学校集会) discouraged under new regulations announced by Education Secretary Gavin Williamson.

Schools were shut down in March, 2020. Currently around 1.6 million of the country’s 9 million school-age children are back in the classroom, but the government says a proper return in September is “critical to our national recovery” and attendance will be compulsory.

Social distancing will not be applied in schools, and masks will not be worn, but instead so-called bubbles, based on avoiding contact between individual classes or year groups, will be applied. This will mean separate start and finish times, and also different times for lunch and playtime.

Pupils will be discouraged from using public transport, which could bring many other challenges. Mobile testing units (检测装置) will be sent to schools which have an outbreak, and schools will have testing kits (检测工具) to give parents if required, but if there are two confirmed cases in 14 days, potentially the whole school could be shut down.

Geoff Barton, the general secretary of the Association of School and CollegeLeaders, says, “It will be immediately apparent to anyone reading this guidance that it is enormously challenging to carry out this proposal. The logistics of keeping apart many different ‘bubbles’ of children in a full school, including whole-year groups comprising hundreds of pupils, is incredible.”

Meanwhile, before the much-anticipated next stage of casing lockdown in England takes place this weekend, the number of COVID-19 cases has risen in 36 local authorities across England. Easing measures have already had to be delayed in the East Midlands city of Leicester, but now other spikes (激增) in infection rate are being reported all across England. The areas with the largest increases are Knowsley and Bolton, both in the North West of the country, and the London borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. In Knowsley, close to the city of Liverpool, the rate of infection rose from 6 people out of every 100, 000 to 20.

1. What does Gavin group the students into “bubbles” for?

A．Calling on students to take a bus for school.

B．Asking all students to wear masks in class.

C．Keeping social distance among all students.

D．Setting different time for school activities.

2. What’s the attitude of Barton toward Gavin’s measure?

A．Tolerant.

B．Ambiguous.

C．Hopeful.

D．Doubtful.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．England has already ended the lockdown.

B．More reports are about the spread of COVID-19.

C．The number of COVID-19 infections is increasing in England.

D．COVID-19 is more serious in England than in other countries.