Regardless of how far we’d like to believe gender (性别) equality in the workplace has come, there’s still a yawning gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. A 2018 statistic shows that women nowadays hold just 5.8 percent of CEO positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.
While it’s not a huge shock that women are somewhat underrepresented in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.
In their research, Professor Martinsen and Professor Lars Glas surveyed 2,900 managers with a special focus on personality types. The results were clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.
While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders—probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women—this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.
There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The results suggest that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.
Obviously, its important to consider individual differences.Anyone, regardless of gender may be an inspiring leader and a competent boss. But next time you're hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes(简历)from female candidates a harder look.
1. What makes us shocked much at leadership positions?A.Women are worse than men. |
B.Men take almost all high positions. |
C.There is a huge gap between genders. |
D.Women might behave better in nearly every field. |
A.properly. | B.potentially. | C.naturally. | D.normally. |
A.Why Women Make Better Leaders |
B.Why Women Are Better Than Men |
C.How We Can Figure Out The Boss |
D.How We Can Tell Gender Difference |
A.Job hunters. | B.Employers. | C.Employees. | D.Male bosses. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The effects of working while attending school or college
Youths working while in school or college seems like a tradition in many countries and the trend is growing. A recent study has found that 80% of students in some countries have at least a part time job during their study years.
Why do students look for employment?
Having a job during school or college years affects the students’ personal and academic lives. First of all, employed students have less free time and, as a result, they can’t be around their family or friends as often as they would want. They lack sleep and are more stressed, and they may even develop health problems. Furthermore, student employment also impacts academic performance. A new research shows that students working more than 20 hours a week have lower grades than those who work less or not at all.
However, the benefits of student employment are also notable. It seems that employed students tend to be more engaged in academic activities than those who do not work, probably because they have developed a higher sense of responsibility.
To sum up, because of financial difficulties, many youths look for employment while attending school or college, and this can have positive or negative effects on their lives.
A.The main cause is financial pressure. |
B.Student employment has an effect on future careers as well. |
C.The government has increased funding for higher education. |
D.They state that the job limits the number of classes they can take. |
E.Employed students know what type of work field would be best fit for them. |
F.Finally, employed students develop a better appreciation of the career path to pursue. |
G.So guidance should be given to help them keep a proper balance between study and work. |
【推荐2】For generations, we’ve spent the first third of our lives acquiring the college degrees we need to find jobs. These degrees are the stamps on our professional passports that pave the way for the remaining two-thirds of our journey. However, the future of work won’t be about college degrees, it’ll be about job skills.
According to the World Economic Forum, over one billion jobs, almost one-third of all jobs worldwide, are likely to be transformed by technology in the next decade. We’ve already seen this happen. Think of the apps you use to shop, track orders and simply stay informed. The stores need to keep them up and running at all hours, day after day, all year round, meaning they need those who can analyze and secure customer data.
In these and other similar situations, people are the organizing force making sure technology works the way we want it to. This means a quick rise in new kinds of digital jobs. According to the Forum’s Jobs of Tomorrow report, there’ll be a rapid influx of roles at the forefront of the data and AI economy, as well as new roles in engineering, cloud computing and product development. These jobs need talent with relevant skills, and importantly these skills can be learnt even by those without college degrees.
Shifting our focus from degrees to skills will mean transitioning (过渡) to always-on skills-based education and employment organizations that acknowledge not just certification but fitness-for-job and employment as outcomes. In recent years, several companies have focused on continuous learning for the workforce — the trend will become stronger.
When it comes to skills, employers look for more than just technical skills. Companies want people with an eye for detail, creative problem-solving skills, a collaborative mindset and an ability to handle complex issues. These also are skills that can be learnt. Anyhow, lifelong learners with ever relevant skills will be in greater demand in the workplace.
1. What is the function of Paragraph 1?A.To propose a definition. | B.To present an argument. |
C.To give an example. | D.To make a comparison. |
A.It calls for higher demands for degrees. | B.It makes many jobs less challenging. |
C.It reduces their dependence on degrees. | D.It connects them with degrees closely. |
A.Increase. | B.Recovery. | C.Decline. | D.Change. |
A.Their traditional technical skills. | B.Their continuous learning abilities. |
C.Their certification-based education. | D.Their desire to start their own business. |
A.Skills Are Different From Degrees | B.Degrees Will Be More Competitive |
C.Degrees Will Shape the Future of Work | D.Skills Are More Vital for Future Work |
【推荐3】Carla Brown discovered her interest in health and science communication as a teenager. One day when she was in her doctor’s office, she remembered looking at a poster on the wall, which listed directions for washing hands. She said to her mom, “When I’m older, I’m going to do things like that, but way better.” She has since gone in for a career to communicate health information in an unusual way—using gaming technology.
For her Ph.D. research, Brown looked into new antibiotics (抗生素) to treat diseases. Besides, she ran microbiology workshops to educate children about the right use of antibiotics. Through the workshops, she became interested in finding new ways to interest children in the learning process, so she came up with the idea of developing a card game they could play with one another. Named “Bacteria Combat”, the game asks players to light their competitors using cards standing for good and bad bacteria, as well as antibiotics. Some bacteria are not killed by antibiotic attacks, teaching game players about antibiotic resistance (抗性).
Brown, who was a good gamer when she was a child, gained funding to convert her card game into a mobile app. Then, upon finishing her Ph. D., she set up her own company called Came Doctor to develop computer games for education and health care organizations
In the company’s early years, Brown worked to develop Game Doctorin her spare time while she completed a project researching the effectiveness of science education games. She then worked for Public Health England for 1 year, designing teaching materials.
Last year, though, she decided to put her heart and soul fully in her company to see it grow well enough. It’s an experience that she has found challenging. but also fun- with similarities to the experience of playing an actual game. She shared her professional joys and challenges with Science Careers as part of the ongoing. “A Day in the Lite of a Scientist” series.
1. Which word can best describe Brown’s way to communicate health information?A.Interesting. | B.Expensive. | C.Scientific. | D.Strict. |
A.To help her invent new antibiotics. |
B.To encourage the use of new medicines. |
C.To trach kids proper use of certain medicine. |
D.To lead kids to tell good bacteria from bad ones. |
A.Fit. | B.Change. | C.Create. | D.Divide. |
A.To work wholeheartedly for her company. | B.To work for Public Heath England. |
C.To develop Game Doctor in her spare time. | D.To design scientific teaching materials. |
【推荐1】Depending on the topic, people’s opinions can change from moment to moment or last a lifetime. The factors that make one opinion long-lasting and another short-lived, however are not always clear.
Past studies have shown that opinions based on hard facts and data can remain constant over time, but new research published in the journal Psychological Science finds that opinions based on feelings and emotions can also stand the test of time.
As part of their study the researchers asked more than 1000 people to what degree they believed opinions based on feelings or emotional reactions were more stable over time than those based on thinking and reasoned analysis. Only 15% expressed any belief that opinions based on emotion would be more stable over time
To test the role that emotion plays in forming long-lasting opinions, the researchers conducted seven independent studies involving more than 20,000 participants in various real-world situations.
The first survey, which was conducted the day after Christmas, measured feelings about recently received gifts. The participants were given a list of adjectives(形容词) to describe their opinions toward their gifts. Adjectives like “worthwhile” were associated with a practical reaction to the gift, while words like “delightful” were more strongly associated with an emotional reaction. One month later, the participants completed a follow-up survey to test the endurance(持久性) of their opinions. The results showed that the stronger the positive emotional reaction, the more likely that opinion remained fixed one month later.
In the final test, participants read one of two messages about an imaginary sea animal. One message contained broad-ranging facts about the animal (low-emotion condition). The other message was about a swimmer’s underwater interaction with the animal (high-emotion condition). The participants in the high-emotion condition showed significantly less change in their opinions across time.
“Emotionality is a predictor(预测因子) of long-lasting opinions which is unrecognized,” said Andrew Luttrell, a researcher at Ball State University. “These findings are important for understanding why some opinions are so difficult to change as well as how to create opinions that stick.”
1. What did the survey of 1000 people show?A.Creating long-lasting opinions was a long process. |
B.Opinions based on hard facts could stand the test of time. |
C.Only a small percentage of people identified the essential part of emotion. |
D.Only a small percentage of people dared to express their opinions. |
A.Riding a safe car. | B.Watching an exciting football match. |
C.Reading a valuable book. | D.Listening to a boring speech. |
A.The findings have been concluded from emotional facts |
B.The long last opinions are predicable |
C.The findings have something to do with creative opinions |
D.They help understand the endurance of opinions |
A.Emotion varies based on different facts. | B.Emotion can help clarify the opinions. |
C.Opinions can last when based on emotion. | D.Opinions once formed are hard to change. |
【推荐2】Love the way you walk
Listen carefully to the footsteps, and you can work out who is walking about. The features commonly used to identify people are faces and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.
Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people’s gaits (步法). But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.
Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps, the system can determine someone’s sex and a subject’s age.
One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over. Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials. Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports.
1. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A.Research equipment. | B.Research findings. |
C.Research assumption. | D.Research background. |
A.Collecting data. | B.Ensuring safety. |
C.Determining age. | D.Analyzing pressure. |
A.Monitoring security work progress. |
B.Detecting potential health problems. |
C.Keeping track of travelling frequency. |
D.Warning passengers of possible dangers. |
A.Compare and educate. | B.Examine and assess. |
C.Discuss and persuade. | D.Explain and inform. |
【推荐3】Nearly two years after the COVID-19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination therapy for COVID-19 treatment, adding a tool to the world’s fight against the disease.
A team from Tsinghua University, along with the Shenzhen People’s Hospital, has accomplished the task in 20 months. It would usually take 10 years. “It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang Linqi, leader of the research team.
The new antibody drug is immediately effective after being used. Moreover, the therapy can protect people, especially those whose physical condition doesn’t allow vaccination (接种疫苗), from becoming infected (感染) by COVID-19 for around 9 to 12 months, said Zhang.
How does it work? When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (棘突蛋白) on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. So its target is very precise. In addition, thanks to the coordination between the two antibodies, it is highly efficient in preventing the virus, according to Zhang. The qualities of the new drug make it especially useful for high-risk groups, such as frontline medical workers and people not suitable for vaccination due to various underlying health problems.
The new drug is expected to come to the market soon, but it’s not cheap. That’s because of limited production. Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said, “Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.”
1. What can we know about the new therapy according to paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?A.It’s the first way to treat COVID-19. |
B.It dramatically improves the survival rate of patients. |
C.It takes researchers 10 years to develop the new drug. |
D.It was developed by the team from one of China’s top universities. |
A.Only medical workers can take this drug. |
B.Antibodies stop spike proteins entering a cell. |
C.The new drug takes effect after a period of use. |
D.The new drug can protect people from infection for life. |
A.It is easy to produce the drug. |
B.The new drug has been put into use. |
C.Zhang thought highly of the power of science. |
D.China is the first country to use technology to fight disease. |
A.A textbook. |
B.An educational magazine. |
C.A medical journal. |
D.A tourist guide. |
【推荐1】When you don’t have a car and need to get around, are you more likely to call for an Uber or Lyft, or a cab? Last Friday, Lyft—the ride-sharing company, went public as its stocks (股票) started trading on the market. Lyft has become the first big initial public offering of the “gig economy” age. While the company is not making profits yet, it is changing the meaning of work. What is gig economy and what makes it so appealing?
Gig works are independent contracts or part-time jobs such as Uber. In the gig economy, companies hire independent contractors instead of full-time employees. This is different from traditional companies where full-time workers hold a lifetime career. In the past, only small companies hired contractors, while today, employers like Amazon and Google rely on temporary workforce. These companies save costs as they are not legally required to provide healthcare benefits, retirement savings or paid time off to gig workers.
Gig work appeals to different people for different reasons. For some, it affords flexible timings and for others who are looking for full-time jobs, it provides a source of income to support themselves. Some people work a full-time job and supplement (补充) their salary with gig jobs such as driving for Uber or Lyft.
Joining the gig economy may be simple, but maintaining a steady career is easier said than done. Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads. You’re your own boss. It sounds fun, but when you have no self-control and an unsteady job, you might splurge all your money the first week and live on bread pieces for the rest of the month! Besides a strong sense of responsibility, gig workers have to stay up to date to get companies to hire them.
Despite the challenges gig workers face, nearly 60 million Americans are part of this workforce. As this number grows, we have to see how society and companies adapt to this new world of work!
1. What can be learned about Lyft from the passage?A.It has built up a large fortune. |
B.It employs a fixed number of full-time workers. |
C.It appeals to people as a means of public transport. |
D.It marks the arrival of gig economy age. |
A.People seeking for a steady income. | B.People in need of flexible working hours. |
C.Those desperate to get paid vacations. | D.Those concerned about retirement accounts. |
A.Spend money freely. | B.Save money automatically. |
C.Earn money quickly. | D.Assign money casually. |
A.Gig workers have to face some potential challenges. |
B.Gig workers have to possess some much-needed qualities. |
C.The appearance of gig companies will solve the job problems. |
D.People should adjust to new work trends with the rise of gig companies. |
【推荐2】Maybe you’ve spent much time searching for the perfect small business idea, and now you think you’ve found it.
During your research, you will probably discover that there are other businesses already offering the same or similar products and services to your target market. This doesn’t necessarily mean you won’t be successful if you launch your business, but it certainly means you need to identify what makes your products and services different from the competition.
Just as you need to know who your ideal customers is,
It seems there is a lot of work for you to do.
A.You cannot make up your minds immediately |
B.You can do this by creating a unique selling program |
C.However, I’m sure you will be glad if you have done it |
D.You’re ready to quit your job and start your own business |
E.you also need to know who else is out there marketing to them |
F.the customers are usually particular about anything that is on sale |
G.The most important is determining who will be buying your product or service |
【推荐3】Early each morning, Liu Huangping carefully places beehives around his house, preparing to welcome his tiny guests with spaces to nest. “It’s about the time honeybees usually arrive, and we’ll harvest their honey in August,” said the 50-year-old from Gangbei village in Jiangxi province, who has been keeping bees for nearly 20 years. “Only about five households used to keep bees, but the sizable and stable income from beekeeping has drawn more villagers into the business,” he said.
In 2015, a group was set up to train villagers in beekeeping and help them sell honey. “We teach them modern beekeeping techniques to increase production and provide them with regular sales channels. Villagers have almost no trouble selling,” said Wu Zhulin, Party branch secretary of Gangbei. The sweet business of beekeeping has made villagers wealthy, and in 2017, Gangbei was officially lifted out of poverty.
In 2021, Liu was invited to join a local company specializing in cultural tourism. He was put in charge of promoting agricultural produce through tourism. With a keen understanding of their honey, Liu emphasizes branding and packaging, even creating a promotional video.
A State Council Executive meeting in March made efforts to advance rural vitalization (乡村振兴) across the board, foster rural industries with local characteristics, and create more channels for increasing rural incomes. To broaden the marketability of wild honey produced in this remote village, the government of Jing’an county invited e-commerce companies to Gangbei to promote honey products through online broadcasting.
The county’s Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau has also played an important role by providing training sessions and encouraging villagers to participate in local industries. The harmonious coexistence between human and nature is evident in the sweet transformation of Gangbei, where the hum of busy bees signifies a prosperous future.
1. When did Liu Huangping start keeping bees?A.In his 20s. | B.In his 30s. | C.In his 40s. | D.In his 50s. |
A.Modern beekeeping techniques. | B.High-quality wild honey production. |
C.Availability of regular sales channels. | D.Sizable and stable income from beekeeping. |
A.A chief beekeeper. | B.A tourism director. |
C.A honey branding expert. | D.An agricultural produce promoter. |
A.By providing training sessions for villagers. |
B.By expanding the marketability of wild honey. |
C.By promoting cultural tourism in Gangbei village. |
D.By encouraging villagers to engage in beekeeping. |