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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:48 题号:17775616

While the situation may be improving, much of the world is still under the shadow of COVID-19 and its associated containment measures. But according to a study published in the scientific journal Cell, an unlikely friend could help defeat the virus.

Known for their long legs and beautiful eyelashes, llamas (美洲驼) — specifically their antibodies (抗体) — are believed to play an important role in the fight against the virus.

Having experimented with antibodies from a llama called Winter years ago, a small lab at Ghent University in Belgium had a eureka moment earlier this year. They found that llama antibodies were able to neutralize (中和) both the MERS and SARS viruses — two strains of the coronavirus that caused previous outbreaks in 2012 and 2003, respectively.

Done in cooperation with the University of Texas, US, studies showed their effectiveness against COVID-19.

Jason McLellan, from the University of Texas at Austin and co-author of the study, said, “This is one of the first antibodies known to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.”

Antibodies are like your body’s defense system. Similar to tiny soldiers, they protect your body from invaders (入侵者) and destroy them before they can spread. But what makes llama antibodies so special is their small size, which enables them to better fight the virus by sticking to its spikes (刺突) more easily. This will prevent attachment and entry, which effectively neutralizes the virus.

The encouraging results have led to rapid development and testing of the antibodies so that they can be tested on humans as soon as possible. However, the study’s co-author, Xavier Saelens, from Ghent University noted that “there is still a lot of work to do to bring this into the clinic”. But he added that “if it works, llama Winter deserves a statue”.

1. Who is the unlikely friend mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.A researcher.B.A system.C.A virus.D.An animal.
2. What does the underlined word “eureka” mean in paragraph 3?
A.It’s terrible.B.I’m fed up.C.I found it.D.Let’s try harder.
3. What’s Xavier Saelens’ attitude towards applying the antibodies to the clinical practice?
A.Indifferent.B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Disapproving.
4. What can we learn from the text?
A.The MERS virus caused a previous outbreak in 2003.
B.The small size enables llama antibodies to better fight the virus.
C.The llama antibodies’ tying to the spikes is able to kill the spikes.
D.It won’t be long before llama antibodies are ready for clinical use.

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东刺莺鸟的数量迅速下降的原因以及准备拯救它的计划。

【推荐1】Have you ever noticed the birdsong you used to wake up to as a child has been thinning? Such has been the case in Australia for the endangered eastern bristlebird, with its numbers declining dramatically in the past 40 years.

At first glance, there is nothing too unique about the eastern bristlebird. Its song, while beautiful, doesn’t stand out in a typical Australian forest. Since the 1980s, researchers have been trying to understand why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline. Time an again, fires taking place unexpectedly come up as the main factor — along with the increase in fire frequency, climate change and habitat loss.

Fire can be deadly for many wild animals, but there is something special about the bristlebird that makes it particularly vulnerable (脆弱的) to large, frequent fires. Eastern bristle-birds, despite being able to fly, appear not to appreciate the view of a top story. They don’t choose to live in the treetops, or even on lower branches of trees. They preferred low, dense vegetation (植被).

This habitat structure is important for many small animals even less noticeable than the bristlebird, such as spiders, beetles and worms. This means the bristlebird can act like an indicator how the entire understory ecosystem is doing. Unfortunately, low, dense vegetation is often the first to burn and disappear during a fire. Worse still, it takes years for an understory to recover fully.

The eastern bristlebird may only be one fire away from extinction,signaling a possible collapse of their ground-level ecosystem. However, all hope was not lost as this knowledge had led to emergency rescues of bristlebirds. And translocation programs, which has been an important strategy for saving almost every vulnerable native Australian species, are in place for this little unremarkable bird.

1. What do we know about the eastern bristlebird from the passage?
A.It can not fly high.
B.It has unique appearance.
C.Its song is highly appreciated.
D.Its situation has attracted great attention.
2. Which is the main reason for bristlebirds’ decline?
A.Unexpected fires.B.Frequent fires.
C.Lack of habitat.D.Global warming.
3. What makes bristlebirds vulnerable to fires?
A.Its importance in ecosystem.
B.Its appreciation for top story.
C.Its preference for low habitat.
D.Its influence on small animals.
4. What can we expect of bristlebirds in the future?
A.Their decline is likely to slow down.
B.Their numbers will increase rapidly.
C.They may save the entire ecosystem.
D.They will disappear with one more fire.
2023-03-02更新 | 224次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约400词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】The western green mamba(绿曼巴蛇), a kind of snake, is between 5.9 feet and 10.5 feet long. This makes the western green mamba the second longest poisonous snake in Africa, with the black mamba being the first.

The western green mamba is, however, the most agile(敏捷的) snake in the mamba family. Their skin color is greenish yellow or live green, which helps them to hide in the environment. One other important feature of the snake is its long tail with a sharp point.

The western green mamba can be found in West Africa. They often live in rain forests. Being an arboreal species, these snakes spend most of their time moving among the tree tops. They are also used to moving on the ground and will commonly leave their trees to run after a potential meal on the ground. The western green mamba is mostly active in the daytime, but can also be seen hunting at night from time to time.

The diet of a western green mamba is made up of birds and all kinds of small animals such as squirrels, mice and even bats. These snakes can get close to their target with the help of their natural skin color. When they are close enough, they bite the target with poisonous teeth quickly. Once the target has died, the western green mamba will swallow it whole. If these snakes are faced with danger, they will try to run away. If they have no way to run away, however, they will become very aggressive and attack their enemies with their sharp teeth repeatedly.

The female western green mamba is the one who lay eggs. They will lay from 5 to 15 eggs. The young snakes are completely independent after birth. The mother and father play no part in raising the baby snakes. The babies are born with everything they need to survive in the wilderness. If they can reach adulthood, then they will have almost no natural predators.

The western green mamba is not dying out. But its biggest threat comes from people and the damage they can bring to their homes. Hopefully, the western green mamba can continue to live alongside people and never have to worry that they will die out.

1. What do we know about the western green mamba ?
A.They are less poisonous than the black mamba.
B.Their skin colors help them hide from others.
C.They are usually seen looking for food at night
D.They are the longest poisonous snake in Africa .
2. The underlined word “arboreal” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A.living in hotelsB.living in the water
C.living in the grassD.living in trees
3. If a western green mamba has no way to escape, it will ________.
A.hide itself into the environment nearbyB.fight against the enemy bravely
C.change its natural skin colorD.swallow the enemy whole
4. Which of the following is TRUE about young snakes?
A.They can take care of each other.
B.They have no natural predators.
C.They don’t need their parents’ care after birth.
D.They lay from five to fifteen eggs at a time.
2021-02-18更新 | 53次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐3】Antarctic blue whales have been perceived again in the sub-Antarctic, island of South Georgia. An international team of researchers discovered the animals five decades after whaling (捕鲸业) nearly caused them to disappear forever. “The ocean resources at South Georgia were heavily developed during the early 20th-century industrial whaling,” says lead author Susannah Calderan, an ecologist with the Scottish Association for Marine Science.

Antarctic blue whales were plentiful in the area until whaling began there in 1904, kicking off the beginning of industrial whaling in the Southern Ocean. While hunters originally focused on species that could be easily caught, like the humpback whale, the focus quickly moved to the blue whale. Between 1904 and 1973, 345, 775 Antarctic blue whales were killed in the Southern hemisphere (半球) and in the northern Indian Ocean. Around South Georgia, blue whale catches were reported year-round without stopping. Between 1904 and 1971, industrial whaling caused 42, 698 blue whales’ death, blue whales almost disappeared in these areas.

Researchers studied all Antarctic blue whale data from the last three decades. They examined sightings (目睹) from scientific surveys collected by observers on ships, as well as opportunistic. Sightings reported by sea men and ship passengers to South Georgia. They also examined acoustic (声音的) recordings of blue whales.

They found that whale surveys from ships off South Georgia resulted in just one blue whale sighting between 1998 and 2018. But more recent surveys suggest better news. A survey in February of 2020 found nearly 60 blue whale sightings, and several acoustic detections (探测). A total of 41 blue whales have been recognized through photos from South Georgia between 2011and 2020.

“Their return is very meaningful, as it was widely thought that blue whales at South Georgia might have been hunted beyond a point where they could recover, and. might never be seen again in great numbers at South Georgia,” Caldera n says. “Our research shows that, populations can recover even from very low levels if they’re given enough protection.”

1. What does the underlined word “perceived” in paragraph l mean?
A.Kept.B.Spotted.C.Hunted.D.Destroyed.
2. What does paragraph 2 mainly want to tell us?
A.The wide spread of blue whales in the past.
B.The development of industrial whaling.
C.The cause of blue whales’ disappearance.
D.The tricks of catching blue whales easily.
3. What did the researchers find through their surveys in South Georgia?
A.More and more people like watching blue whales.
B.There is an increasing return of blue whales.
C.Blue whales are in a more dangerous situation.
D.South Georgia is a good place to watch blue whales.
4. What might be discussed in the following paragraph?
A.The risk of killing whales at higher rates.
B.The signs of Antarctic blue whales’ return.
C.The ways of protecting Antarctic blue whales.
D.The great loss of ocean resources around the Antarctic.
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