Marco Polo Timeline (1254—1324)
1254 On September 15, Marco Polo was born in Venice.
1260 His wealthy father and uncle, Nicolo and Maffeo Polo, set sail from Constantinople to the Crimea on a trading journey.
1262 Nicolo and Maffeo Polo received an invitation to China to meet the Kublai Khan (忽必烈).
1269 Nicolo and Maffeo Polo returned to Venice.
1271 Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle on a journey through the Holy Land, Persia and Tartary and to the Empire of China.
1274 The travellers reached China after a three-year journey. Marco Polo’s father and uncle renewed their friendly acquaintance with the Kublai Khan and presented him with papal (教皇的) letters. They were given important positions at his court in return. Marco Polo learned to speak the Chinese language.
1275 Marco Polo was appointed as an envoy (使节) for the Kublai Khan and traveled through China on his missions.
1280’s Marco Polo traveled through Asia working for the Kublai Khan and was eventually appointed as a governor of one of his cities.
1292 A marriage was arranged for the daughter of Kublai Khan, the Princess Cocachin, and the Polos accompanied the wedding party, consisting of a fleet of fourteen ships, to Persia.
1293 The Polos stayed in Persia to celebrate the wedding and then headed towards the Black Sea to make their way back to Venice.
1295 Marco Polo arrived in Venice with the finest collection of jewels ever seen. Venice was at war with Genoa.
1298 Marco Polo was made a “gentleman commander” of a Venetian galley. His ship joined in the battle of Kurzola and he was taken as a prisoner of war by the Genoese. When he was in prison he met a writer called Rustichello da Pisa and dictated (口述) to him an account of his travels and experiences in China, Japan, and other Eastern countries.
1299 Marco Polo was released as a prisoner of war in Genoa.
1. When did the Polos start their journey towards the Empire of China?
A.1262. | B.1269. | C.1271. | D.1274. |
A.they were very wealthy traders | B.they were successful adventurers |
C.they brought to China papal letters | D.they learnt to speak the Chinese language |
A.He married the daughter of the Kublai Khan. |
B.He accompanied Princess Cocachin to Persia. |
C.He was made the commander of a fleet. |
D.He dictated an account of his travels to the East. |
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【推荐1】Jade Stephenson has always loved her grandmother’s wedding dress (结婚礼服). So much so that once, Stephenson even asked her grandmother to keep hold of it so she could wear it for a special day. And when she realized her 80-year-old grandma wouldn’t be able to travel to attend her graduation at Liverpool Hope University, Stephenson knew the time had come.
“I tried the dress on several years ago, so I knew what it looked like when I put on the dress and her face then lit up,” she said. “So I knew asking her if I could wear it for graduation would make her smile. Also, my grandfather died in 2009 and to me, it felt like part of him was there with me on such a special day.”
Stephenson sported the dress under her cap and her clothes last week, at the ceremony (典礼) to collect her teaching degree at Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King.
Nora, her grandmother, lives in Carlisle, more than 130 miles from Liverpool. She was very happy when she saw the pictures of her granddaughter, and praised that she chose that dress for her special day.
“My grandma and I are very close. I speak to her when I can and whenever I’m home I catch up with her. I see a lot of my own characters in her. I think we have quite a lot in common,” Stephenson said. “I’ve always loved my grandma’s dress. Although it’s 32 years old, it’s fit for me.”
Stephenson said several people praised her for her choice for the ceremony. “I think people thought it was quite heart-warming. Considering how old it is, the dress is in really good condition. My grandmother has looked after it very well.”
1. Seeing Stephenson trying the dress on, Stephenson’s grandmother feels ________.A.pleased | B.angry |
C.unhappy | D.amazed |
A.Her grandmother is very forgetful. |
B.Her grandmother is similar to her. |
C.Her grandmother is a good designer. |
D.Her grandmother is crazy about education. |
A.It is valuable and expensive. |
B.It is kept in good condition. |
C.It is old and needs repairing. |
D.It is too long for Stephenson. |
【推荐2】During the late 1960’s and the 1970’s, education, influenced by the social changes of the 60’s, went through a period when the teaching of grammar was thought to be limiting creativity. Often I was made to feel like a dinosaur for teaching grammar.
Strangely enough, much of the criticism came from colleagues who held master’s degrees. I remember saying on more than one occasion, “It is easy for you to say but you have already had grammar skills, or you wouldn’t have been able to write a master’s thesis. Now, you want to deny these same skills to present and future students. I am not against progress in education but, in the heat of the excitement of making changes, we must be very sure that what we consider to be progression is not regression.” I firmly continued to teach grammar.
In the fall of 1991, I decided that it was time to learn to use a computer. The instructor suggested that I would learn more quickly if I worked on a continuous project. I thought of my grammar course which was hand-written in an old broken folder. This became my computer project. I spent every opportunity available to me in the computer room, early mornings, lunchtimes, after school and in the evenings. It was during the lunchtime periods, particularly, that I noticed a pattern forming.
The younger teachers on staff, one by one, would sneak into the computer room and peer over my shoulder. At first they were puzzled, but then they became interested in my grammar project. Without exception each would whisper into my ear. “When you are finished, may I have a copy? I was never taught grammar and I am terrified to teach it.” At that moment, I realised that I was finally vindicated.
I promised to give them a copy and when they left I shook my head und thought to myself, “Another product of the 70’s, and the 80’s, and the 90’s and...”
1. What was the popular opinion on grammar teaching in the 1970’s?A.Creative. | B.Optional. | C.Necessary. | D.Outdated. |
A.They benefited from grammar teaching. |
B.They were clear how to make progress in education. |
C.They set the trend in the reform of teaching methods. |
D.They wrote their master’s thesis without grammar rules. |
A.To be unsuccessful. | B.To prove to be right. |
C.To retire from school. | D.To evaluate professionally |
A.They also wanted to learn using a computer. |
B.They hoped to learn grammar with the author. |
C.They lacked the grammar learning experience. |
D.They intended to follow the author to be a good teacher. |
【推荐3】Lucia was a bright-eyed girl of 12, born in a tiny village which is far less crowded than big cities. The village, even though filled with love, had no room for the world of arts. Lucia, however, possessed a passion for acting. While children played in fields, Lucia practiced lines from old plays she found in the attic. She visualized herself on grand stages, under bright lights. But for a girl from a distant village, this dream seemed more like a fantasy.
When Lucia heard about a national acting competition in the city, her heart raced with excitement. But she faced two big challenges: convincing her closed-minded parents and preparing for a competition with city-bred competitors.
Her parents, although loving, believed that the city was no place for their daughter. Lucia’s pleas seemed to fall on deaf ears until she decided to perform a touching scene for them. Tears flowed, not just from Lucia’s eyes but from her parents’ too. Witnessing her raw talent, they gave her their blessing.
Training was no easy feat. With no acting schools or instructors, Lucia had to be able to solve all the problems by herself. She practiced day and night, watching old films, and seeking feedback from village elders. Her dedication made a difference; she was molding herself into an acting wonder.
The day of the competition arrived. The city’s hall was filled with well-dressed participants and audiences. Lucia, in her modest clothes, felt like a fish out of water. Yet, when her turn came, the stage was her world. She performed so beautifully that she made the audience completely amazed. She showed the emotions so vividly; it touched souls.
When the results were announced, the underdog from a tiny village had finally won. The city, which seemed so vast, echoed with applause for Lucia.
She returned to her village not just as Lucia but as a symbol of hope and dreams. Her journey, from a quiet village girl to a national acting champion, was not just a proof of her talent but a shining example of passion and determination.
1. Why did Lucia’s parents disapprove of her going to the city at the beginning?A.Because they thought acting was not a tiring career for her. |
B.Because they thought it was costly and they could afford it. |
C.Because they thought Lucia’s too young to go there by herself. |
D.Because they thought the city was so big that it was beyond their reach. |
A.By playing a part of a play. |
B.By asking them repeatedly. |
C.By seeking help from the elders. |
D.By molding herself into a wonder. |
A.Upset yet passionate. |
B.Relaxed and uncaring. |
C.Nervous and uneasy. |
D.Determined yet overconfident. |
A.Cities are wonders. |
B.Talent always finds a way. |
C.Always listen to your parents. |
D.Determination is the key to success. |
【推荐1】My family and I met the breeder at a dog show. We drove for four hours to her house where she showed us three puppies , two males and one female. They were all Welsh Corgis and were so cute with their little legs, long bodies and heads that looked too big for their bodies. It took me a long time to figure out which one I wanted, but I finally decided when the female came up to me and licked (舔) my face. I named her Dion.
It took a while for Dion to get used to our home. Every night, she cried in a way that made me burst into tears. She cried almost every second of the day. But after a couple of weeks, she got used to us. That's when we began to train her.
My mother and I took Dion to puppy kindergarten. It was funny to see all the disobedient (不温顺的) dogs. They all barked (吠叫) very loudly, making my ears hurt. The only one who didn't bark was Dion. She was very shy and hid from people. But she was very friendly with the other dogs. The trainer says that she is doing very well for a four-month-old puppy.
If you are thinking about getting a dog, consider all the time and effort you must put in. There are a lot of responsibilities . I walk Dion four to six times a day. I feed her, spend time with her and watch her when she is out of her doghouse. Even if my favourite TV programme is on, or a good part in a movie is coming up, I still have to take care of her. It is a lot of work to keep her clean. Sometimes when I brush her I end up with hair all over me.
However, it is all worth it. I have benefited in many ways from having Dion around. For one thing, she provides constant love. She is always there to lick me, lie on me and comfort me. I always have someone to keep me company. I enjoy playing with her. Dion is always there to talk to. Even though she doesn't talk back, I think she can tell when I am happy, sad, angry, confused or troubled.
Dion is a big responsibility but she is the most comforting friend because she is always there, with me.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?A.The author choose Dion because it is a female dog. |
B.The family didn't start to train Dion until she fit into them. |
C.Dion barked almost every day when she was in the puppy kindergarten. |
D.Dion is a dog that can tell me her joys and sorrows. |
A.To train her. | B.To watch her. |
C.To accompany her. | D.To comfort her. |
A.Keeping a dog is troublesome. | B.Dogs are big burden. |
C.Raising a dog means time and effort. | D.Dogs are responsible. |
A.Patient and responsible. | B.Curious and creative. |
C.Warmhearted and strict. | D.Responsible and brave. |
【推荐2】I noticed some young students standing by the road. I could see they were sweating, which wasn’t surprising because of the 40-degree heat.
“Miss, do you have any water?” one boy asked.
“We don’t have any boxed water at home,” another explained.
My heart sank hearing this.
In Wilcannia, where I accepted a six-month contract as a primary school teacher, it hadn’t rain for a long time. A health warning had been issued, meaning you couldn’t drink the town water, which was filled with so much chlorine (氯) that you could feel dry from having a shower. What’s worse, not everyone could afford to buy supplies, so the local radio station distributed boxed water to the community.
“Let me check,” I told them.
Quickly searching my car, I pulled out a full bottle and gave it to the children before saying goodbye. It was moments like this that reminded me just how far I’d come from my old life as a teacher in Sydney.
The nearest shops were two hours away and the thought of not being able to feel quite warm at night was disturbing. But living in a small, two-bedroom house without the Internet or a phone connection also had its rewards. I enjoyed the silence and looked forward to each working day.
I taught Year Six, which consisted of just 10 students — a lot smaller than the classes of 30 I was used to. I also taught singing to the wider school community. Setting up my classroom with spaces — a bright-coloured tent with cushions for them to feel safe, sleep or have time away from conflict, I made a motto for our class: Mistakes are expected, respected, inspected and corrected.
The students and I bonded so well that I extended my contract to a full year!
1. Why did some young students stand by the road?A.To welcome their teachers. | B.To get away from the heat. |
C.To ask for some boxed water. | D.To take a lift to the nearby shop. |
A.The damp weather. | B.No supplies to buy. |
C.The long drought. | D.The shortage of town water. |
A.By living in a two-bedroom house without the Internet. |
B.By offering them personal space in the classroom. |
C.By reducing the number of students in his class. |
D.By teaching them to sing in the community. |
A.The care of local community. | B.The desire to learn the locals. |
C.His great interest in the country. | D.His deep love for the students. |
【推荐3】It was an old day when I set out for a run in Moab, Utah, with my dog, Taz. As an athlete I often went for a run by myself. While running along a canyon (峡谷) road, I hit a piece of ice. I slipped down the rock face and fell 60 feet into the canyon, landing on a ledge (岩脊). Taz found his way to me, so I knew there must be a way out of the canyon, but I couldn’t stand, as I had broken an important bone.
I shouted for help but then decided to move to the bottom of the canyon first. The ledge was too dangerous to stay. It took me five hours to go a quarter of a mile. Eventually it got dark, and I decided to stay where I was for the night, next to a puddle of water. All I had on me was a water bottle and some chocolates. At night, I avoided sleeping for fear of dying of hypothermia (低体温症). Taz stayed with me, providing some warmth. The next morning, I couldn’t move at all. But I was sure somebody would hear me screaming for help. The second night in the canyon seemed even colder. My feet were frostbitten (冻伤). On the third day, I accepted the fact that I might die. I called Taz over and told him to go and get help.
Taz returned, alone. Then I heard an engine in the distance. I started shouting for help, and then I saw a man walking towards me. It turned out that my neighbor noticed I hadn’t come home, and Taz had found the rescue team. I was airlifted to hospital, where doctors found I was seriously wounded, having lost half of my blood.
Five years on, I still think about the experience. I couldn’t run like I used to due to the after-effects of the accident, and cold weather brings back bad memories, but I’m married with two kids, and Taz is still alive. Realizing you have a second chance to live puts things into perspective.
1. Why did the author try to move to the bottom of the canyon?A.To reach a safe place. | B.To climb back to the road. |
C.To come across some helper. | D.To avoid being attacked by wild animals. |
A.Lack of food. | B.Physical pain. |
C.Fear of death. | D.Low temperature. |
A.Taz turned to the author’s neighbor for help. |
B.The author stayed in the canyon for 3 nights. |
C.The author didn’t hold out much hope of his dog. |
D.The rescue team was required by the author's neighbor. |
【推荐1】Making it to 100 years old is a big achievement on its own, but being active at that age is absolutely worthy of praise and admiration. Jayne Burns, who just turned 101 years old, still has a part-time job at a craft store in Ohio, drives herself to work, and simply doesn’t see herself retiring anytime soon. Not only does she seem to love keeping busy, but she credits it as one of her secrets to living a long life.
Burns first caught the internet’s attention on TikTok. There, her coworker Maggie HusVar told her followers about her then 98-year-old friend. Maggie then asked Burns to share a piece of advice with her new fans, to whom Burns said, “Keep moving.”
The senior woman recently celebrated her 101st birthday, and she certainly hasn’t changed her mind about slowing down. Burns took the job in 1997 after her husband died, and has expressed that she enjoys what she does, so she wants to keep doing it. “I’ll work for as long as I can or as long as they’ll have me,” she said.
In celebration of her milestone birthday, Burns recently shared some more tips for a long life. “I was always active all my life doing things. So I think that has helped more than anything.” As a cancer survivor, she said she used to watch her sugar intake, but she doesn’t anymore, as she loves sweets. Despite her age, she still follows a beauty routine. “I use a moisturizer(保湿霜) and makeup. I figured I did it all my life, so I’m ‘not’ going to stop now,” she says.
Overall, her top secret for a long life is to make friends and find happiness in the company of others. “It’s important to find people who are friendly and kind.” she says. “I enjoy talking to everybody I work with, and meeting the customers who are very nice, even if some of them are surprised to see me at the cutting table.”
1. Why does Jayne Bums still work part-time?A.To keep herself busy. | B.To make more money. |
C.To meet more people. | D.To win praise and admiration. |
A.She goes to work by bus. | B.She puts on makeup daily. |
C.She likes nothing but sweets. | D.She gets along well with her boss. |
A.Eating what you love. | B.Doing exercise regularly. |
C.Having a part-time job. | D.Making friends and being happy. |
A.Living a Busy Life | B.A Successful Woman |
C.Keeping Active Forever | D.Secrets to a Woman’s Long Life |
【推荐2】It’s May, which means that millions of students around the country have got or are getting ready to receive their college diplomas. Grace Bush is one of them. The only difference? Grace is just 16 years old. Yes, that’s right—at the age when most teenagers have not even completed high school, Grace has graduated from Florida Atlantic University (FAU) with a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice and a minor in Spanish. What’s even more astonishing is that the brilliant girl received her high school diploma from Florida Atlantic University High School on May 9th, a week after she graduated from college!
Grace’s unique situation was made possible thanks to FAU’s policies that allow motivated students to take high school and college courses simultaneously.
Though this youngest FAU graduate in over a century has attracted national attention, for Grace, she has a different opinion. Her 19-year-old sister Gisela, who is now studying for a master’s degree in urban planning also graduated at 16, while her 17-year old sister Gabrielle will receive her master’s degree and graduate from FAU this summer.
Grace’s education began when she was just a baby. Though she was never formally taught how to read, she simply learned by watching her sisters. So her mother, a full-time homeschool teacher, decided to include Grace in all the school courses she had with her older sisters. By 13, the homeschooled girl was ready for high school and college!
And the young girl is far from done yet. She plans to return to FAU in the fall to pursue a master’s degree. Following that, the young girl wants to obtain a law degree and she hopes she will become a judge of the U. S. Supreme Court, where she plans to lead peace efforts!
1. What can we learn about Grace from the passage?A.She graduated from high school earlier than from FAU. |
B.She didn’t receive formal education until high school. |
C.She is the most highly educated girl in the family. |
D.She was taught mostly by her two older sisters. |
A.at the same time | B.at a fixed time |
C.for a short time | D.for the first time |
A.She could hardly believe it. | B.She regards it to be normal. |
C.She still feels unsatisfied with it. | D.She is proud to graduate so young. |
A.Work as a lawyer. | B.Find a job at FAU. |
C.Help others to find peace. | D.Study further at FAU. |
【推荐3】Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.
When they eventually arrived in Beijing, they were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Emperor. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so many important tasks across the country.
Marco Polo, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor’s Palace, especially the Summer Palace. There were many inventions and developments in China, which were not available (可以利用的) in Europe at that time. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before!
After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to Italy. Unluckily, a local war broke out, and he was caught and put into prison. He met another prisoner (囚犯) who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of the best sellers (畅销书) in Europe.
1. Why did Marco Polo and his father travel to China?A.To trade with Chinese. | B.To draw a map of China. |
C.To write a book about China. | D.To make friends with the Chinese. |
A.gold | B.silver |
C.paper money | D.black stones |
A.Kublai Khan. | B.A prisoner. |
C.Marco Polo. | D.Marco Polo’s father. |
A.He helped his father learn four languages. | B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal. |
C.He became a prisoner in Beijing. | D.He serves the Emperor for 17 years. |