As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg’s Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us.
Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are “in” these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool.
The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝)—up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to reverse the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu.
In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins.
Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury (奢侈的) goods has become a fall-scale war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals.
1. Why do people begin to make efforts to protect the declining number of sharks? (No more than 15 words)2. What’s the main reason for killing sharks? (No more than 10 Words)
3. Who helped California decide to ban the sale and possession of shark fin soup? (No more than 5 Words)
4. What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 3 mean? (1 word)
5. In your opinion, what’s the best way to stop killing animals? (No more than 20 words)
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【推荐1】It's just before l pm and hungry guests are starting to emerge out onto the wooden floor at the back of the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge in Zimbabwe. A few have already settled in for lunch, drinking beer and enjoying their sandwiches and salads in the sunshine. It's a normal setting until you look up. Overhead, the sky is filled with several hundred vultures (秃鹭).
They too have arrived for their midday snack. Every day the team at this hotel places last night's leftover meat out for the vultures to eat. They call it the "Vulture Restaurant" and it's a vital part of protecting these birds, who have become some of the most endangered species in Africa.
In Zimbabwe, where illegal hunting of elephants and rhinos is a major issue, poisoning poses a significant threat to the birds. "In recent years hunters have realized they can use poison to kill animals. It's effective because it's silent and therefore doesn't attract much attention.when the vultures eat the bodies of the dead animals they die too," says Roger Parry, Wildlife Manager at the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust.
The Vulture Restaurant initiative is part feeding programme, part education programme. By attracting the birds to the Vulture Restaurant every day the team can ensure they're regularly getting a safe meal, and while the birds are there they can educate tourists from all over the world about these creatures.
“Lunch” is served by Moses Garira. He has the unenviable task of wandering out into the middle of the clearing with a box full of meat, dropping the contents onto the ground and running for his life as the vultures fly downward suddenly for their food. No one, surely, would volunteer for this role, but Garira rather enjoys it. Back in the safety of the viewing seats, he tells the onlookers about the importance of vultures. "They're hugely important in terms of their role of cleaning up the bodies of dead animals," says Garira. "Notably, they're safely able to digest bacteria like anthrax. Without vultures, there'd be a lot more disease in the world."
1. What's the biggest threat vultures facing in Zimbabwe?A.Overhunting. |
B.Unsafe food. |
C.Loss of habitat. |
D.A bird disease. |
A.Scary. |
B.Relaxing. |
C.Well-paid. |
D.Time-consuming |
A.Birds are human's best friends. |
B.People know little about vultures. |
C.Vultures are environmentally favorable. |
D.Vultures are in urgent need of protection. |
【推荐2】Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.We go fishing,sit in the garden,have a picnic,live in the suburbs or go to the seaside.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.When joggers jog,they don't run on the streets.Every one of them tends to go to the park or the river.
But despite this,our children are growing up naturedeprived.I spent my boyhood climbing trees.These days,children are robbed of the ancient freedom,due to problems like crime,traffic,the loss of the open space and strange new ideas about what is best for children,that is to say,things that can be bought,rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US:families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(注意力缺陷多动症).Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%;those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood.One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However,we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing,our health and our happiness.
1. According to the author,people enjoy ________ to seek nature.
A.jogging on the street | B.running in the gym |
C.shopping in the supermarket | D.sitting in the garden |
A.Children don’t want to approach nature |
B.children probably spend less time in nature nowadays |
C.climbing trees will certainly do good to the children |
D.children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction |
A.Children with ADHD can be cured. |
B.Children's performance at school is greatly improved. |
C.Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved. |
D.A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life. |
【推荐3】While tearing yellow flowers blanketing hillsides in Los Angeles, Max Kingery has been questioned about his purpose for killing flowers.
But the clothing designer who used the plants to dye (染色) his spring and summer lines said he is not accused of stealing the wildflowers in California. Instead, he sees it as an opportunity to raise awareness about a destructive flower that grew rapidly in the state following an unusually wet winter: wild black mustard (芥末). The plant from Eurasia was first brought to California in the 1700s.
Mustard was among the most noticeable of wild flowering plants that appeared unexpectedly everywhere in California this spring. As temperatures warm it is starting to die, making it easy to cause wildfires. Mustard is also a threat to native plants, transforming the landscape. Its leaves and roots prevent the growth of other species.
Kingery is part of a growing group of artists, designers and chefs who are tackling the problem by harvesting the plant to use in everything from dyes to foods.
Kingery’s line features sweatshirts, pants, and other items dyed naturally using mustard. Artist Erin Berkowitz of Berbo Studio makes dyes from the species, including the dye for Kingery’s clothing line. She has offered classes along with a chef who makes food out of the mustard greens and flowers. Berkowitz said her work with Kingery showed the possibilities of what can happen if more people become aware of its uses.
To that end, artist Nadine Allan made a digital magazine, about the uses of black mustard, including to make paper and a face mask.
Allan said she was motivated to act in part because she has friends who lost nearly everything to wildfires. “The species just look so pretty. If you don’t really know what’s happening on a larger scale, you might say they’re just a sea of yellow flowers,” she said.
1. What can we learn about Max Kingery?A.He brought mustard to California. | B.He was accused of unlawful acts. |
C.He used mustard to dye clothes. | D.He was ashamed to pick flowers. |
A.The rising temperature. | B.The history of mustard. | C.The amazing landscape. | D.The harm of mustard. |
A.Stressful. | B.Long-expected. | C.Creative. | D.Short-sighted. |
A.To check the spreading of mustard. | B.To protect the endangered plant. |
C.To make her art available online. | D.To promote a greener lifestyle. |
【推荐1】The Giraffe Center in Nairobi is one of the oldest giraffe conservation organizations in the world. When it was founded in 1979, there were only 150 Rothschild's giraffes left in Kenya.
Stanley Kosgey, in charge of conservation education at the center, says the tallest animals in the world have never really gotten the same attention from conservationists and governments that other African mammals have. In some ways, he thinks, it's because they're hard to miss. In Kenya, it's not rare to see half a dozen of them as you drive past some fields on the highway. It can take you several safaris (旅行队)before you catch sight of a lion.
“Giraffes are in what I would call a silent extinction," Kosgey says.
In a lot of ways, he says, a perfect storm has fallen on the species. Climate change means longer droughts and new diseases; civil unrest means giraffes become easy food; and as African countries grow, humans have encroached (入侵)on wildlife areas and the removal of trees becomes a huge problem. Giraffes are huge creatures, and they require a lot of space and plants.
Kosgey says the good news is that the world has begun to pay attention. In Kenya, which has some of the best conservation policies on the continent, there is a plan underway to treat giraffes in the same way that lions, rhinos and elephants are treated. That's to put in place detailed action plans and programs to make sure those animals thrive. The first step for giraffes is to get a deeper understanding of their population by conducting a survey.
Kosgey says their conservation effort alone has saved the Rothschild's giraffe. There are now about 650 of them in Kenya. Worldwide, there are 1,671 Rothschild's, about 26 percent more than there were in the 1960s, according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature).
“They are tall, graceful animals and they should be heard/5 Kosgey says.
1. What can we learn about the giraffes from the first two paragraphs?A.They run the fastest in the world. |
B.They are in danger of extinction. |
C.They are harder to see than lions in Kenya. |
D.They draw conservationists' more attention. |
A.It is hard for them to survive. | B.A terrible storm attacks them. |
C.They live where humans live. | D.Removing trees leaves them space. |
A.become healthy | B.hang out |
C.move away | D.grow strong |
A.Protecting the Earth. | B.Living with Animals. |
C.Saving the Giraffes. | D.Loving Peaceful Nature. |
【推荐2】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A.To review John’s research plans. | B.To show an application of John’s idea. |
C.To compare John’s different jobs. | D.To erase doubts about John’s invention. |
A.Nature can repair itself. | B.Organisms need water to survive. |
C.Life on Earth is diverse. | D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. |
【推荐3】The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It’s happening now,much faster than previously expected,and it's entirely our fault,according to a study puhlished Mooday.
Humans have already wiped out hundreds of species and pushed many more to the brink of extinction through wildlife trade,pollution,habitat loss and the use of toxic substances. The findings published in the scientific Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences( PNAS)show that the rate at which species are dying out has accelerated in recent decades.
Gerardo Ceballos González,a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study,said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate. ”he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years,more than 400 vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution,such extinctions would have taken up to 10,000 years,they said.
Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests. There have been five mass extinction events in the Earth’s history,each wiping out between 70%and 95%of the species of plants,animals and microorganisms. The most recent,66 million years ago,saw dinosaurs disappear. The past events were caused by catastrophic changes of the environment,including massive volcanic eruptions or collision with an asteroid.
The sixth mass extinction the one happening now—is different:scientists say it’s caused by humans. The researchers also said the current coronavirus(冠状病毒)crisis shows people’s recklessness(鲁莽)towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants.
1. What does the underlined word“toxic”in Para. 2 mean?A.Poisonous | B.Useful |
C.Alternative | D.Environment-friendly |
2. How does the writer convince readers of the seriousness of the mass extinctions?
A.By listing reliable statistics. |
B.By imagining a picture of the extinctions. |
C.By mentioning some news from CNN. |
D.By explaining the history of the extinctions. |
A.To tell the difference between the fifth and sixth extinction. |
B.To explain the cause of the coronavirus crisis. |
C.To warn humans to get rid of their wrong actions. |
D.To show the writer’s concern about the endangered species. |
A.The changes of the environment do harm to wildlife. |
B.The sixth mass extinction is much faster than expected. |
C.Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests. |
D.The current coronavirus has arisen from the illegal trade. |