【推荐2】China's Bao Yongqing has been named the overall winner of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition for 2019, claiming one of the world's top photography awards.

The competition is developed and produced by the Natural History Museum in London. This year's competition, the 55th, drew more than 48,000 entries from 100 countries. The winning entry by Bao, a native of Qinghai province, is titled The Moment. It captures a remarkable standoff between a Tibetan fox and a marmot(土拨鼠), and was taken on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. "Photographically, it is quite simply the perfect moment," said Roz Kidman Cox, the chairwoman of the judging panel. "The expressive intensity of the postures holds you transfixed, and the thread of energy between the raised paws seems to hold the protagonists in perfect balance", Cox said. To have captured such a powerful interaction between a Tibetan fox and a marmot — two species key to the ecology of this high-grassland region — is extraordinary. Museum Director Michael Dixon said the picture captured "nature's ultimate challenge——the battle for survival".

Bao, in a group interview on Wednesday, said of the photo: "It is very difficult and rare to capture this kind of moment, so I knew it was something very special. It took about two or three hours to get this photo. I was watching them for a long time. I have paid attention to this competition for a long time, and my first purpose was to show my image to the world, and secondly to protect the environment and my homeland," he said. " In my hometown, everyone looks after the animals, so when I go home with this award, it will be an encouragement to our people to be more protective of animals and the environment." In addition, the photographer said : "This competition is one of the most important among photographers in China, so I wanted to draw people's attention to animal protection. I hope it will introduce a passion for animals to more people."

The exhibition at the Natural History Museum in Kensington will open on Friday and run through the end of May next year, when it will go on a national and international tour. Entries for next year's competition will be accepted beginning on Oct. 21.

1. What does the underlined word "protagonists" in the 2nd paragraph mean?

A．Onlookers.	B．Photographers.
C．Hunters.	D．Main characters.

2. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The Wildlife Photographer of the Year originated from London.

B．The Wildlife Photographer of the Year is a domestic competition in China.

C．The competition drew worldwide attention, making it the best event in photography.

D．Entries are strictly restricted, mainly focused on endangered animals.

3. What is the reason for Bao's winning the award?

A．His capturing a crucial moment between two typical species.

B．His expertise in photography.

C．His passionate devotion to wildlife protection.

D．His publicizing the knowledge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．In Bao’s hometown, everyone looks after animals.

B．Taking photos can sometimes be painstaking.

C．Photograph is sure to raise public awareness of animal protection.

D．The exhibition will go on a tour in China next year.

【推荐3】Fireworks are exciting, but also hard to control. The Chinese artist Cai Guoqiang，though, has developed a way to harness the visual and physical power of fireworks to make art He recently used them to create a burning sculpture that stretched high into the sky. Guoqiang fittingly named the work Sky Ladder.

Guoqiang built Sky Ladder by making a frame out of metal. He coated the frame with gunpowder，the main chemical material in fireworks.

The artist tried one end of the frame to the ground and attached a large weather balloon to the other end. The balloon was filled with helium 一 a gas that is lighter than air. When released，the balloon floated upward, pulling the top of the ladder 500 meters into the sky. That’s higher than the top of the Empire State Building.

Guoqiang set fire to the bottom of the ladder，and the crackling（啪啪作响） flames raced skyward up the frame. The sculpture burned for two-and-a-half minutes before its flames began to die out from the bottom up.

Dealing with explosive (炸药）is challenging, and conditions had to be perfect for Guoqiang to achieve his desired effect. He first attempted Sky Ladder in 1994，but bad weather prevented him from successfully completing the work. Guoqiang put Sky Ladder aside so that he could work on other projects, perhaps most famously the fireworks display that opened the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Finally，after two more failed attempts，Guoqiang successfully sent his flaming ladder skyward last year. He presented Sky Ladder in his hometown, a quiet fishing village near Huiyu Island, Quanzhou. He offered the work as a gift to his 100-year-old grandmother，other family members，his friends and his town.

“Behind Sky Ladder lies a clear childhood dream of mine，"Guoqiang explains. “Despite all life’s twists and turns, I have always been determined to realize it. The ladder rose toward the morning sun, carrying hope. For me, this not only means a return, but also the start of a new journey."

1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 1 ?

A．control and use	B．find and collect
C．save and develop	D．count and produce.

2. What can we learn about the work Sky Ladder Cai Guoqiang built last year?

A．It proved to be a failure.

B．It could fly free in the sky.

C．It kept burning for 2.5 minutes.

D．It was sent skyward in the evening.

3. When did Cai Guoqiang first imagine a ladder of fire?

A．When he was a young boy.

B．When he saw the Empire State Building.

C．When the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games opened.

D．When his grandmother had her 100th birthday. ，

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Living with hope	B．A birthday gift
C．Burning man	D．Art on fire

【推荐1】Have you ever fallen for a novel and been amazed not to find it on lists of great books? Or walked around a sculpture known as a classic, struggling to see why it is famous? If so, you’ve probably thought about the question a psychologist, James Cutting, asked himself: How does a work of art come to be considered great?

The direct answer is that some works of art are just great: of inner superior quality. The paintings that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes are the ones that have proved their artistic value over time. If you can't see they’re superior, that's your problem. But some social scientists have been asking questions of it, raising the possibility that artistic canons(名作目录)are little more than old historical accidents.

Cutting, a professor at Cornell University, wondered if a psychological pattern known as the“mere-exposure effect”played a role in deciding which paintings rise to the top of the cultural league. Cutting designed an experiment to test his hunch(直觉). Over a lecture course he regularly showed undergraduates works of impressionism for two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings canonical, included in art-history books. Others were lesser known but of comparable quality were exposed four times as often. Afterwards, the students preferred them to the canonical works, while a control group liked the canonical ones best. Cutting’s students had grown to like those paintings more simply because they had seen them more.

Cutting believes his experiment casts light on how canons are formed. He reproduced works of impressionism today bought by five or six wealthy and influential collectors in the late 19th century.Their preferences given to certain works made them more likely to be hung in galleries and printed in collections. And the fame passed down the years. The more people were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more they liked it, the more it appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and critics added to their popularity. After all, it's not just the masses who tend to rate what they see more often more highly. Critics'praise is deeply mixed with publicity. “Scholars”, Cutting argues,“are no different from the public in the effects of mere exposure.”

The process described by Cutting show a principle that the sociologist Duncan Watts calls“cumulative advantage”:once a thing becomes popular, it will tend to become more popular still.A few years ago, Watts had a similar experience to Cutting's in another Paris museum. After queuing to see the"Mona Lisa "at the Louvre, he came away puzzled: why was it considered so superior to the three other Leonardos, to which nobody seemed to be paying the slightest attention?

When Watts looked into the history of"the greatest painting of all time", he discovered that, for most of its life, the"Mona Lisa"remained in relative obscurity. In the 1850s, Leonardo da Vinci was considered no match for giants of Renaissance art like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the"Mona Lisa" It was only in the 20th century that"Mona Lisa rocketed to the number-one spot. What brought it there wasn’t a scholarly re-evaluation, but a theft.In 1911 a worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the " Mona Lisa"hidden under his coat. Parisians were shocked at the theft of a painting to which, until then, they had paid little attention.When the museum reopened, people queued to see it. From then on, the"Mona Lisa "came to represent Western culture itself.

The intrinsic (本质的) quality of a work of art is starting to seem like its least important attribute. But perhaps it's more significant than our social scientists admit. Firstly, a work needs a certain quality to reach the top of the pile. The"Mona Lisa"may not be a worthy world champion but it was in the Louvre in the first place, and not by accident. Secondly, some objects are simply better than others.Read“Hamlet”after reading even the greatest of Shakespeare's contemporaries,and the difference may strike you as unarguable.

A study suggests that the exposure effect doesnt work the same way on everything, and points to a different conclusion about how canons are formed. Great art and mediocrity (平庸)can get confused, even by experts. But that’s why we need to see, and read, as much as we can. The more were exposed to the good and the bad, the better we are at telling the difference.

1. What is the function of the questions in the first paragraph?

A．To arouse readers' interest in the topic to be discussed.

B．To serve as an introduction to the topic to be discussed.

C．To explain the reasons for some works being great.

D．To share the similarity of classics to sculpture.

2. What was the result of Cuttings experiment?

A．His subjects liked the famous paintings because of their comparable quality.

B．His subjects liked lesser known works because of more exposure to them.

C．His subjects showed no difference between the two types of works.

D．All the subjects preferred the famous works shown to them.

3. What caused the superiority of the Mona Lisa to Leonardo’s other works according to Watts?

A．The preference of wealthy and influential collectors.

B．The theft of the painting by a worker.

C．The fame of Leonardo Da Vinci.

D．The cumulative advantage.

4. What does the underline words “remained in relative obscurity”in Para 6 mean?

A．remained relatively unknown

B．became publicly known

C．was widely recognized

D．remained totally unchanged

5. “Hamlet”is mentioned in paragraph 7 mainly to illustrate that______.

A．“Hamlet”is the greatest work of Shakespeare.

B．the"Mona Lisa "is no comparable to"Hamlet"

C．the greatest of an art work lies in its inner value

D．The works of Shakespeare are worse than his contemporaries.

6. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A．How exposure leads to fame

B．Why the Mona Lisa stands out

C．Cumulative advantage makes great works

D．The Mona Lisa,the greatest painting of all time

【推荐3】Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors-drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school-can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.

But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle.

Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors.

“In some ways they’re at greater risk of falling through the cracks,” says researcher Vladimir Carli. “While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous (不显眼的) behaviors.”

The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.

About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the “invisible risk” group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected “other healthy activities.”

The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.

The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large-nearly one third of our sample-that it became a key finding of the study.”

Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.

1. What does the author mean by saying “Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign” (Lines 1 - 2, Para. 1)?

A．Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.

B．Teenagers’ mental problems are getting more and more attention.

C．Teenagers’ mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.

D．Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.

2. Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the “invisible risk” group?

A．Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.

B．Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.

C．Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.

D．Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.

3. What does the new study find about the invisible group?

A．They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.

B．They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.

C．They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.

D．They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.

4. What is the significance of Vladimir Carli’s study?

A．It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.

B．It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.

C．It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.

D．It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors activate mental health problems.

【推荐2】For only the second time in her life, actress Olivia Holt, 15, traveled to New York---this time to catch the award—winning Disney Broadway show Newises. Adriana Palmieri, the reporter from Time for Kids（TFK）,was there with Olivia and interviewed Olivia about the experience and her career. “I think the show is inspiring other people to make a big influence on the world today,” Olivia told TFK.

Olivia is no stranger to the stage. This young star started acting at age three, and progressed from a small stage to a hit TV show, Disney XD’s Kickin ’It. But even today she gets very nervous before each show. She overcame her nervousness by staying positive. “I end up just keeping my head up and seeing where it takes me and usually, it takes me to a good place where I’m not so nervous,” Olivia said.

Olivia grew up in Mississippi but moved to Los Angeles recently to pursue her career. “It was a big transition for me because I grew up in a small town,” Olivia said. But now, she’s living her dream as an actress. When asked about advice for other aspiring actors, the young performer said, “Just stay positive and stay confident. If you know that you’re powerful enough to conquer your fears and stay happy, that will lead you in the right way.”

Olivia regularly stars on a Disney XD show called Kickin’It. She plays the fearless black belt Kim. “I think she is such an incredible girl and I look up to her.” Olivia said about her character, “She is so powerful and confident.”

1. Why did Olivia go to New York?

A．To go on a holiday.	B．To attend an interview.
C．To enjoy a show	D．To meet her friends

2. Paragraph two mainly tells us that ________.

A．how Olivia does with nervousness	B．Olivia began to act at a young age
C．how Olivia became famous	D．Olivia doesn’t appear on stage any more

3. What may be important to Olivia in her acting career?

A．Patience and bravery.	B．Confidence and calmness.
C．Chances and cleverness.	D．Challenges and kindness.

4. The underlined word “she” in the last paragraph refers to ________.

A．Olivia	B．Kim
C．Kickin’It	D．Disney XD