Tu Youyou     1    (被授予) the prize for her research which     2    (导致) the discovery of artemisinin. Tu was born in Ningbo, and she led a project to discover a new treatment for malaria       3    (因为) her persistence and inspiration, her team gained an outstanding result which     4    (被认为是) one of the most important contributions to the development of human.

What is your attitude(态度) towards making mistakes? What have you learned from some of your past mistakes?

Albert Einstein was one of the greatest minds of the last century. During his lifetime, Einstein t     1     about the universe and solved many problems in physics. Einstein is most f    2     for his Theory of Relativity(相对论).

Einstein’s early years

Einstein was b    3     in Germany in 1879. After he finished school, he went on to study physics in Switzerland. In 1905, Einstein began to write articles and became a pioneer in the f    4     of modern physics. For one of those articles, he received the Nobel Prize in 1921.

Einstein, the t    5    

Einstein taught at universities in Switzerland and Germany. He left Germany in 1933 and went to teach a    6     Princeton University in the United States.

Einstein died in 1955. He signed his last letter b    7     he passed away(去世).The letter asked people to give u    8     nuclear weapons(核武器).

Einstein’s sayings

“The important thing is not to stop q    9    .”

“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”

“I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion(结论) is false. The h    10     time I am right.”

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientist with the o    1     of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tuyouyou was among the first r    2     chosen. In the beginning, Tuyouyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional b    3     treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and e    4     280,000 plants for their medical p    5    . From their research, they discovered and texted 380 d    6     ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.

One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the l    7     obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project get stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not a    8     defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a s    9     that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even i    10     on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.