Parenting styles have evolved over the years in response to the rapid social changes. Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their child.
Modern parents have access to the internet and social media for ideal parenting advice and tips. There are also numerous parenting groups for different age groups on social media that parents can join. A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager, and chances are, the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles. The availability of resources has helped modern parents to be more involved and supportive of their children’s development, academically, emotionally and socially. Modern parents are also keener to find out about effective parenting methods to raise disciplined and confident children.
Meanwhile, one of modern parenting styles, helicopter parenting, arises. When parents become over-involved, over-concerned and over-controlling, they start helping children with what they are capable of on their own, for example, selecting activities and friends for them. Such a parenting style can restrict the children’s ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as operating a stove or monitoring their schoolwork. Overprotecting children from failures may also be prevented from developing resilience (韧性) and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to supervise (监管) less. Children were given more control over how they managed their schoolwork and the friends they chose to play with. They were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger siblings and managing household chores. Living in the preinternet era, parents were less informed about different parenting approaches and personalities.
There is no one right way to raise a child and there is no need to doubt about the best parenting style. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present, but not hovering (盘旋);who are supportive but not controlling; and who protect but not spoil.
1. What does the author explain by mentioning “an infant” and “a moody teenager” in paragraph 2?| A．Devotion to kids. |
| B．Easy access to guidance. |
| C．Effective parenting. |
| D．Tricky parenting problems. |
| A．Its benefits. | B．Its influence. |
| C．Its characteristics. | D．Its type. |
| A．They had strengths and weaknesses in parenting. |
| B．They were wiser than modern parents in1 parenting. |
| C．They were to blame for child development prospect. |
| D．They contributed to the children’s well-rounded abilities. |
| A．To recommend how to parent wisely. |
| B．To appeal to learn from modern parents. |
| C．To inform how parenting has changed. |
| D．To introduce two parenting strategies. |
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【推荐1】We are living in a toxic food environment, where the food industry spends millions advertising ultra-processed (超加工的) foods(UPFs)that make up 50% of the average adult’s diet and 65% of a child’s in the UK. These foods are made with preservatives, color or flavor enhancers and include everyday items such as ready meals and “healthy” snacks in the supermarket.
We tend to think of UPFs as a problem that mainly affects people who live in poverty. However, UPFs hide in plain sight. If your shopping bag doesn’t contain a fair chunk of them, then there are a few possibilities: you have a superhuman level of willpower; you are very wealthy and have your own cook; you are lying. It is absolutely not correct to criticize the diets of people already living in highly stressful situations, and it’s also a mistake to assume this doesn’t affect “us”, whatever your social or economic position might be.
Instead of blaming individuals, we must recognize that this issue is structural. The popularity of UPFs is symptomatic of something much bigger. Arranging society so that people don’t feel they have enough time or money to make themselves a meal is a nightmare (可怕的事情). Selling us cheap food that might harm us, but is framed as being helpful or healthy, is a nightmare. So is urban planning, which means more than three million people have limited accessibility to groceries that sell locally-sourced and farm-fresh food items.
Every time we talk about “good” and “bad” food choices, we look at the problem upside down. It’s almost impossible for average people to make so-called “good” food choices. Our problems with food choices are to be solved by those who make UPFs, not those who eat them. It’s the food industry that is broken and needs to change.
1. What substance is added to UPFs?| A．Local produce. | B．Fresh ingredients. |
| C．Organic food. | D．Food additives. |
| A．UPFs’ widespread effects. | B．UPFs’ potential benefits. |
| C．UPFs’ evident problems. | D．UPFs’ economic value. |
| A．Lack of affordable city housing. | B．Lack of access to fresh produce. |
| C．Lack of means of public transport. | D．Lack of knowledge of proper diet. |
| A．Individual consumers. | B．Local administrators. |
| C．Advertising agencies. | D．Food manufacturers. |
【推荐2】Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the color green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our plane’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”.
The human species has a special biological bond with green. Unlike most mammals, which are red-green color blind, we developed a third cone cell. This additional photoreceptor (光感受器) enabled our ancestors to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against the green ones, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. In daylight conditions, human eyes are more sensitive to green than any other colors.
All over the world, people shared feelings with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade masks for this reason. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000 BC, identified their crops with green. Their term for the color was wadj, which also meant flourish (繁荣). Egyptian painters often described their god of agriculture, Osiris, as a bright green being.
While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for schools to emerge from the soil and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a color of hope—after a long cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of green will signal a new beginning.
1. What has happened over the past 50 years according to the text?| A．People have been used to buying recycled paper bags. |
| B．A large number of posters have been designed by artists. |
| C．Many factories have closed down due to the serious pollution. |
| D．The environmental movement has greatly affected the Earth’s future. |
| A．They have a special bond with red. |
| B．Their eyes are more sensitive to red. |
| C．They lack a kind of photoreceptor cell. |
| D．Their brains have additional photoreceptors. |
| A．By making a comparison. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By raisin a question. | D．By using statistics. |
| A．Crucial. | B．Abstract. | C．Complex. | D．Distant. |
【推荐3】That artificial food dyes (染料) are unhealthy is not news. Some are known to cause hyperactivity (多动症) in some children, affecting their ability to learn. But regulatory agencies (监管机构) around the world don’t necessarily agree on which food dyes are a problem, or why. That may soon change. A 2021 peer-reviewed report by California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment concluded that artificial food dyes “cause or worsen neurobehavioral (神经行为的) problems in some children” and that the current levels that are regarded safe for consumption by the federal government are too high.
California is now considering requiring warning labels on food products and dietary supplements containing the seven most commonly used artificial dyes. The warning label requirement would put California on par with the European Union, which since 2010 has required food products containing certain artificial food dyes to carry warning labels about their negative effect on activity and attention in children.
Artificial dyes are used in foods for one reason: to make products look prettier. Bright colors make candies appealing, especially to kids. But dyes are also in chocolate cake mixes, salad dressings and other products that don’t seem to cry out for a color boost.
In Europe, it was the 2010 label lawmaking that triggered (引发) companies’ decisions to reformulate. “If you’re a company, you do not want to put a warning label on your product.” says Lefferts, an environmental health consultant. Warning labels are why European Starburst Fruit Chews are now colored with natural products, not the artificial dyes that brighten their North American counterparts (同类商品).
Given that artificial food dyes are used far more than needed, we need to be more cautious. After all, we don’t dye fresh fruits and vegetables, but we do dye candy and sprinkles, points out Joe Schwarcz, a chemistry professor at McGill University in Montreal. “The foods in which you find food dyes are foods that are poor in nutrition,” he says. “If you limit foods that contain food dyes, you automatically make your diet better.”
1. What can we learn about artificial food dyes from paragraph 1?| A．A 2021 report confirmed their negative effects. |
| B．The fact that they are harmful is newly revealed. |
| C．Regulatory agencies consider them a serious problem. |
| D．The Federal government thinks their current standard too high. |
| A．In opposition to. | B．In line with. | C．Ahead of. | D．Behind. |
| A．Food companies will stop coloring their products. |
| B．More fresh fruits and vegetables will appear in the market. |
| C．Food companies may replace artificial dyes with natural products. |
| D．It will be hard to find packaged foods without warning labels of dyes. |
| A．Approving. | B．Neutral. | C．Tolerant. | D．Concerned. |
【推荐1】Do you need to "edit your friends"? Is your mobile phone directory full of phone numbers of people you don't really want to talk to? Do you go out with people from work or school more often than with your real friends? Do you say yes to invitations because you think you should, not because you want to? If you answered yes to at least two of these questions, then perhaps you need to "edit your friends".
Nowadays people like to spend a lot of time with people at work or classmates at school. The result is that we don't have enough time to see our real, close friends. As our lives get busier, it becomes more important to spend the little free time we have with people we really want to see, people we love and who really love us.
Who are the friends you need to edit? A few years ago I read a book about how to get rid of unnecessary possessions (物品). It said you should ask yourself about each thing you have: Is it useful? Do I really like it? Do I feel better every time I look at it? If the answer is no to any one of those questions, you should throw it away. Maybe we should ask similar questions about our friends.
What kind of friends will you probably need to edit? Sometimes it's an old friend. Somebody who you used to have a lot in common with, but who, when you meet now, you have very little or nothing to say to. Or it might be a new friend who you get on quite well with, but who is taking up too much of your time. Next time one of these people calls you and suggests a meeting, think "Do I really want to see this person?", and if the answer is no, say no, and make an excuse. That way you'll have more time to spend with your real friends.
1. People need to edit their friends when_______.| A．they have moved to a different area |
| B．they have no time with their real friends |
| C．some of their friends don't talk very much |
| D．their friends are people from work or school |
| A．real friends. | B．young friends |
| C．old friends. | D．new friends |
| A．We should often throw some possessions. |
| B．Most of our friends are not necessary at all. |
| C．We shouldn't treat our friends as possessions. |
| D．We should ask ourselves who our real friends are. |
【推荐2】In today’s digital era, social media users are increasingly coming across fake news online. This leads to the pressing issue: What causes people to fall for misinformation on the Internet?
According to researchers at the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology, users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室)—a sort of virtual space where users consume only one-sided news, eventually distrusting any opposing views. “We all tend to agree with the group opinion. Hence, people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion,” said Dongwon Lee, one of the researchers. “But if you’re not cautious, there is a high risk of falling into an echo chamber.”
To prevent this phenomenon, the researchers have crafted a novel tool, a game named ChamberBreaker, to help players resist echo chambers and reduce the rate of fake news spread. The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision-making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber. To begin, the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health, political or environmental issue, and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic. Then, the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. If successful, the community members will fall into an echo chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects on the community.
After developing ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors. The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon.
Ultimately, the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption. The application of tools like ChamberBreaker, which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning, may lead us towards a more informed online community.
1. What can be learned about an online echo chamber?| A．It encourages well-judged views. |
| B．It gathers like-minded individuals. |
| C．It functions as a virtual reality platform. |
| D．It serves as a tool for identifying fake information. |
| A．Assignment of situations. |
| B．Trust-building exercises. |
| C．News selection strategy. |
| D．Community impact assessment. |
| A．The results of scientific testing. |
| B．The theoretical framework of the game. |
| C．The description of the game procedures. |
| D．The common challenges faced during gameplay. |
【推荐3】The official opening of Beijing Daxing International Airport caps a long design and building process. Designed by the late architect Zaha Hadid and her Chinese partners, the airport is built for the future, having a terminal the size of 97 soccer grounds--as well as customer-service robots that provide travelers with flight updates and airport information.
Called "starfish" by Chinese media for its shape of five concourses（大厅）connected to a main hall, Daxing Airport aims to reduce the walking distance for passengers. The airport authority has promised a distance of no more than 600 meters（about eight minutes of walking）between security checkpoints and the remotest boarding gate.
This new modern airport employs a special intelligent lighting system, supported by eight big C-shaped columns that let in the sunlight, brightening the architecture and structure. Therefore, it minimizes the need to use electric lighting.
To offer a more refreshing travel experience, five outdoor courtyards with the themes "Silk Garden". "Tea Garden", "Porcelain Garden", "Countryside Garden" and "Chinese garden" feature at the end of the five departure lounges（等候室）for use by passengers waiting for their flights. Travelers will be scanned on cameras using facial recognition. Counters will be fully automated to capture face photos and relay them in each part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate.
China is projected to overtake the United States as the world's biggest air travel market by 2022. The "modest" initial operational target at Daxing is to accommodate 72 million passengers and 2 million tons of goods annually by 2025. The ambitious master plan calls for the building of a total of seven runways, and moving at least 100 million passengers and 4 million tons of goods a year through the airport.
1. Why is the airport in a starfish-shaped design?| A．To hold as many passengers as possible. |
| B．To make the main hall easier to be found. |
| C．To keep security checkpoints effective. |
| D．To make boarding gates within easy reach. |
| A．High-end. | B．Energy-saving. |
| C．Passenger-friendly. | D．Strangely-formed. |
| A．They reflect the Chinese tradition. |
| B．They use popular technique. |
| C．They promote Chinese goods to people. |
| D．They follow the latest world trend. |
| A．The design and construction of Daxing International Airport took a long time. |
| B．Zaha Hadid, the architect of Daxing International Airport, has passed away. |
| C．Passengers pass through security and the boarding gate by automatically capturing pictures of faces. |
| D．China has now overtaken the United States to become the world's largest air travel market. |
| A．The airport's market. | B．The airport's project. |
| C．The airport's potential. | D．The airport's facilities. |
