An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically (从基因方面) valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species’ survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts.
Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement Friday, posting video of the cute birds on social media. They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they’re ready for a public appearance.
African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jess Peranteau, director of animal care and education at the aquarium.
“As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline - down 23% in the past two years alone -OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with other Association of Zoos and Aquariums,” Peranteau said in a statement. The breeding program established by the association aims to build up a gene bank for the species.
Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux-a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program. The third chick was born to first-time parents Bubbles and Weasley.
Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”, brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones. The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn’t yet been determined. For now they’re known by their numbers, 42, 43 and 44. In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatchings.
1. How did OdySea Aquarium celebrate the birth of the chicks?A.By advertising its breeding program. | B.By uploading a video of them online. |
C.By holding a contest to name them. | D.By offering a free visit to the zoo. |
A.It works on its own to protect penguins. | B.It aims to create new habitats for penguins. |
C.It has hatched 40 African penguins so far. | D.It focuses on the survival of the penguins. |
A.They were born to the same parents. | B.They were raised by a power couple. |
C.Their gender has been identified. | D.Their growth is monitored closely. |
A.Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium. |
B.Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public. |
C.African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations. |
D.Newly-born penguins are taken good care of in zoos. |
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【推荐1】The narwhal is a mysterious resident of the remote Arctic. The species, a relatively small whale is known for growing a spiral tusk (螺旋长牙)that resembles the historical description of a unicorn's horn.
Experts have long speculated why narwhals have this strange long tooth. Some think that the tusk is a tool for survival, as they could possibly use it to break up ice or spear fish for meals. However, the vast majority of female narwhals don't have tusks, and females tend to live longer than males. Most scientists now think the tusk provides no advantage for survival, but rather acts as a sex characteristic and determines the social rank. But the tusk may also have another purpose. A 2014 study found the narwhal's tusk is full of sensitive nerve endings that allow the whale to detect changes in the environment, such as changes in temperature and salinity. The finding suggests that the tusk might also be a sensory organ.
Narwhals are an important subsistence resource (生存资源)for high Arctic communities. They provide the humans with high-calorie fat, protein and nutrients, vital and hard to come by in the harsh northern winters. Narwhal tusks were carved into artworks and sold to support families with few job opportunities.
Narwhal tusk is protected now. But similar to all other Arctic wildlife, narwhals are likely to struggle in the face of climate change. Warm temperatures in the Arctic have caused sea ice to disappear at an alarming rate. New shipping channels have become accessible, threatening narwhals and other marine mammals. Researches suggest that narwhals are the most vulnerable (易受伤害的)marine mammals to human activities in the Arctic because these isolated creatures are highly sensitive to ship activities. Their response to changing conditions near the pole could provide insight into larger changes in Earth's future.
1. What does the underlined word "speculated" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Known. | B.Guessed. |
C.Overlooked. | D.Concluded. |
A.It is an indicator of gender. |
B.It reveals narwhals' social rank. |
C.It can sense changes in the water. |
D.It can be used to dig fish for meals. |
A.The conservation of narwhals is a must. |
B.The situation of climate change is under control. |
C.Some human activities affect mammals slightly. |
D.Narwhals are under the threat of being hunted. |
A.Research on Narwhals' Tusk |
B.Insight into Climate Changes |
C.Narwhals : Feature and Behavior |
D.Narwhals : Mysterious Sea Unicorns |
【推荐2】Green tree ants are important builders in the rainforest. They’re like the worker bees of the ant world. The native forest of Thala Beach Nature Reserve is the natural home of these insects.
They climb all over the tree that contains their nest and protect it from enemies with great fierceness. The ants are often in the fruiting trees of Tropical North Queensland. When an animal tries to help themselves to some tasty fruit, they find themselves attacked by a powerful, frightening army of green tree ants! Their bite is not very painful but many ants attacking at the same time can be extremely uncomfortable.
The nests are large and constructed by sticking the leaves at the end of branches together to create a home looking roughly like a globe. Most of the nest construction and weaving is conducted at night. A mature colony of green tree ants can hold as many as 100,000 to 500,000 workers and may include as many as 12 trees and contain as any as 150 nests. Green tree ant colonies have one queen and a colony can live up to eight years.
However, the ants are so busy that they fail to spot a dishonest figure. There is a spider called the Salticid spider, or the jumping spider, as they are sometimes referred to, which has excellent eyesight and is only active during daylight, weaving a protective covering of silk to spend the night in. Interestingly, the Salticid spider does not look like a green tree ant. Instead, it chemically copies green tree ants’ smell. Effectively pretending to be an ant, it goes into the green tree ants’ nest, enters the nursery and feasts on their babies. Green tree ants don’t have good eyesight and smell everything with their antennae (two long thin parts on an ant’s head). Therefore, the ants think the spider is another ant and ignore its presence within the nest.
Next time, as you wander around Thala’s native forest, keep an eye out for these busy little creatures. Look up into the trees and you’ll likely spot their nests.
1. What does Paragraph 2 tell us about green tree ants?A.They often start wars for food. | B.They like tasty fruit very much. |
C.They leave painful bites. | D.They have good defenses. |
A.It takes years to weave a nest. | B.It is reconstructed yearly. |
C.It is made of leaves. | D.It can hold up to 500,000 ants. |
A.It can communicate with them. | B.It can make familiar sounds. |
C.It has a similar smell. | D.It has an ant’s appearance. |
A.It is the green tree ant’s enemy. | B.It helps the green tree ant build bests. |
C.It is harmful to fruiting trees. | D.It protects the green tree ant. |
【推荐3】Some colors that people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.
Doctors use the words “clinical depression” to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.
In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in blue light, a third group slept in white light. While a fourth was put in red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed animals drank the less amount of water.
Randy Nelson, who heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University, says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have messed up circadian clock genes and they did show sign of depression whereas if they were in the pale red light, they did not.” He says there’s a lot of blue in white light, which explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters that see red light or darkness.
Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night, or those who like to stay up late. “My recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active life during the day, mostly inactive at night, you need to limit exposure to TVs which are quite bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. You can get filtered glass, you can get filters on your computer screen and filters on your e-Readers to put it more in the reddish light.”
1. How did the researchers carry out the study?A.By examples. | B.By explanation. | C.By reasoning. | D.By comparison. |
A.Hamsters appear to be more upset. |
B.Animals in blue and white light appeared the most depressed. |
C.These animals all showed clinical depression. |
D.The animals had messed up circadian clock genes. |
A.Distribution. | B.Dissatisfaction. | C.Distraction. | D.Disturbance. |
A.In a science magazine. | B.In a fashion brochure. |
C.In a research report. | D.In a book review. |
【推荐1】When interviewed on the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2019-20 season, Mark Tatum, deputy commissioner of the NBA, said,"It's been a challenging year. Apart from being distressed by the pandemic and social unrest, we also lost two of our icons - David Sternand Kobe Bryant. It's been our longest season in NBA history, and so much was thrown-at us" . However, he added that the NBA was incredibly blessed with being able to restart its season four months after its initial shutdown.
The NBA shut down on March 11 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Later, it became clear that resuming the NBA's season was far more complex than simply rescheduling games. The NBA community, like the world at large, has lost friends and family to the virus. It has wrestled with economic hardship job losses and mental health issues. It has gone from trying to escape risk to understanding how to live with it. Michele Roberts, executive director of the National Basketball Player Association (NBPA), made it clear.“It's really been an evolution of emotional reactions from one extreme to another. Complete disbelief, ignorance (无知) and not taking it seriously, to gradually coming to a point where, "OK, what are my real options here?"
Roberts attributed the reopening of the NBA season to the strong, long-standing relationship between the NBA staff and Bob lger, executive chairman of the Walt Disney Company. Adam Silver, NBA commissioner, similarly pointed out that their mutual trust helped push the process forward. Eventually, they agreed that playing without fans and out of the home arenas would be a workable choice. After numerous calls for months among NBA and NBPA committee members, business leaders, public health officials, the managers and presidents of the teams, they finally struck a deal with the Walt Disney Company to use the resort (度假胜地) near Orlando, Florida to build a single bubble site for the games, training and housing for all the players, coaches and media staff.
Their endeavour paid off. On July 7, 22 teams gathered on the bubble campus in Florida where they lived and isolated themselves from the world outside in the following three months. Reflecting on their path, Silver believed that a sense of unity from top to bottom is the key."Without it, the financial disputes and the safety protocols (协议) would never be settled."
1. How did Mark Tatum feel about the 2019-20 season?A.Being able to resume the season was delightful. |
B.It was too hard to bring the season to an end. |
C.Controlling the pandemic was impossible. |
D.They didn't overcome a lot of challenges. |
A.Cooperated. | B.Continued. |
C.Struggled. | D.Dealt. |
A.Fans supported their players at the bubble site. |
B.Business leaders invested a lot on the home arenas. |
C.Walt Disney Company provided training for players |
D.Relevant units cooperated with each other closely. |
A.Letting the cat out of the bag |
B.Taking the bull by the horns. |
C.Putting the cart before the horse. |
D.Killing two birds with one stone |
【推荐2】Smart cities are coming. And you can be sure that hackers(黑客) won’t be very far behind.
We’ve already gotten a glimpse of that future, as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services and residents in ways that was science fiction just a few years ago. They are using sensors to collect data — such as traffic, garbage collecting, and road conditions —and then using that data to deliver services to more people and more efficiently.
But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback: The more connected a city is, the easier it is to cyber-attacks. Hackers have, in recent years, effectively held cities hostage through ransom ware(赎金器), sometimes damaging critical systems for months at a time. The damage can cost millions to repair, as Baltimore and Atlanta have discovered.
And this is just the beginning. As cities add connectivity to their streetlights, power grids, dams, transit lines and other services, they are adding more targets that have the potential to be hacked. What’s more, as additional information on residents is collected, officials worry the result —lots of data could attract nation-states or terrorists who could incorporate the data into physical and cyber war.
What cyber security lesson can’t be taught in this hack? For example: Don’t open email attachments from unfamiliar sources; don’t click on unrecognized links; don’t leave sensitive information visible on the walls or surfaces of your office. But let’s just stick to the most important lesson: The information you share on social media can be used to profile and target you, whether that’s by engineering click bait(点击诱饵) aimed at your particular interests, guessing your password based on your birthday or figuring out your schedule and travels so that an intruder can access your home or office.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL.
1. What did people use to think of smart cities?A.It was the product of science. | B.It was bound to be popular. |
C.It existed in imagination. | D.It improved people’s life. |
A.Introduce the harm of hackers. | B.Show the danger of a smart city. |
C.Add some background information. | D.Summarize the previous paragraphs. |
A.It is convenient to provide service. |
B.It is certain to bring about revolution. |
C.There are actually potential dangers. |
D.There’s competition in high technology. |
A.Describe. | B.Protect. | C.Pursue. | D.Fund. |
【推荐3】The UK will ban all new petrol and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 19 years for environmental reasons, a government report says.
The plan aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.
The British government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.
Part of the new plan involves an offer of $260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions (排放量) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.
The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.
Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important that we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”
Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters (上下班往返的人) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emissions, he said.
1. Why does the British government decide on this ban?A.To focus on its citizens’ health. | B.To promote solar energy in transport. |
C.To respond to the court’s request. | D.To follow in France’s footsteps. |
A.Limiting the number of traffic lights. |
B.Changing the way roads are arranged. |
C.Spending some money on electric vehicles. |
D.Removing old and high-emission vehicles. |
A.Convenient public transportation is badly needed. |
B.Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress. |
C.Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change. |
D.United efforts are required to achieve the plan. |
A.Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions. |
B.The UK plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads. |
C.The EU forces the UK to improve the poor air quality. |
D.Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change. |