Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically (内在地) bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletli, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated will, strength. Blue, with its intimations(暗示) of the Virgin Mary(圣母玛利亚), constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity(女性化). It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’ s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled (劝告) department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping slime” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler” (学步的小孩) became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences --- or invent them where they did not previously exist.
1. By saying “it is... the rainbow” (Para. 1), the author means pink ________.A.should not be the sole representation of girlhood |
B.should not be associated with girls’ innocence |
C.cannot explain girls’ lack of imagination |
D.cannot influence girls’ lives and interests |
A.discovered | B.programmed | C.marked | D.sealed |
A.the observation of children’s nature |
B.the marketing of products for children |
C.researches into children’s behaviour |
D.studies of childhood consumption |
A.classify consumers into smaller groups |
B.attach equal importance to different genders |
C.focus on infant wear and older kids’ clothes |
D.create some common shoppers’ terms |
A.fully understood by clothing manufacturers |
B.clearly explained by their inborn tendency |
C.mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen |
D.well interpreted by psychological experts |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Chimney swift (烟囱雨燕) numbers have fallen by more than 70 percent since the 1960s, scientists believe, and by more than one-third over the past 16 years. That large drop have made the International Union for the Conversation of Nature regard chimney swifts as“vulnerable(脆弱的)”. That is the last step before they are considered “endangered”.
Chimney swift numbers are becoming smaller as the shape and design of the nation’s buildings change. People are tearing down old factory buildings and schools. Many of these buildings have chimneys. Today, most American homes do not have chimneys. And many homeowners who do have chimneys cover up the top to keep out.
People across the United States are putting up tall, narrow buildings to help chimney swifts. They hope they will use these buildings as nesting areas and resting places.
Bird lovers, Georgean and Paul Kyle, are often praised for starting the present interest in building towers. “It does give us hope that if we put them up, they will use them,” the Kyles said. They have put up more than 100 towers in Central Texas. Eighty percent of those buildings before the birds’ March arrival get nests in their first year. Hundreds of migrating swifts make use of the towers.
But the link between the drop in chimney swift numbers and chimney loss is not clear. The flying insects that swifts eat also appear to be dropping.
Professor Rubega thinks the cause of the birds’ drop could be in South America. “Chimney swifts are basically a South American bird that stays in North America for four months, ” she said. Rubega said a big problem is that scientists have only a few reports of small numbers of chimney swifts in the upper Amazon Basin. So, they do not really know where the little birds spend the winter, let alone what may be happening to them there.
1. Where are chimney swifts used to living?A.In rooms with humans. | B.In useless old buildings. |
C.In the woods near villages. | D.In chimneys of buildings. |
A.Give them much food. | B.Build homes for them. |
C.Add chimneys to new houses. | D.Open chimneys for them to get in. |
A.Chimney swifts suffer a lot in South America. |
B.It’s necessary to build homes for chimney swifts. |
C.Scientists know only a little about chimney swifts. |
D.Chimney loss has nothing to do with the birds. |
A.Chimney Swifts Numbers Are Dropping |
B.Chimney Swifts Will Change Their Lifestyle |
C.Chimney Swifts Prefer Their New Homes |
D.Chimney Swifts Live in Peace with Humans |
【推荐2】Rise of the robots
The word “robot” was coined in 1920 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek, who imagined artificial, fully functional servants. For most of their history, however, robots have been silent, inelegant devices sitting out of sight in factories.
Things are starting to change, however. Robots have benefited from rapid innovations in smartphones, which brought cameras, sensors and wireless communications.
And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs.
For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces.
The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge. In Capek’s play, the robots revolt against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse. The beginnings of the worlds real robots have not matched Capek’s satire (讽刺). There is no reason to think that their future needs to either.
A.They could not be coming at a better time. |
B.The skills and firms that are rewarded will shift, too. |
C.The use of advanced technologies lead to increases in hiring. |
D.In fact, concerns about mass unemployment are overblown. |
E.Firms should recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. |
F.Having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing. |
G.Recent advances in machine learning have equipped them to make wiser decisions. |
【推荐3】Have Chinese audiences on average spent more time watching entertainment content online in this uncommon year when the battle against COVD-19 is still being fought? In the latest annual report released by Tencent Video, one of the largest streaming sites in China, the answer is yes.
An average consumer has spent 133.9 minutes each day watching TV dramas, a 10 percent increase compared to last year, according to the report. Interestingly, TV romantic dramas account for 36 percent of all 131 television series newly streamed on the site this year, topping all genres. In the overseas market, Chinese dramas are seeing a rise in popularity, stimulated by hit costume dramas like Three Lives Three Worlds. The report shows that subscribers of WeTV, the overseas version of Tencent Video that is available in more than 110 countries and regions, have risen 175 percent over last year.
Shows with strong female roles are more popular, exemplified by the hit series Nothing but Thirty, the report said. It also found that a quality trailer played a vital role in drawing audiences, as about 90 percent of consumers pick their choices among the options from trailers.
Through Nov 30, a total of 15 online films have earned more than 10 million yuan, driving the annual box office receipts on Tencent Video to nearly 500 million yuan this year. While TV series are almost “dominated” by female audiences, men were favored online movies more. Nearly 70 percent of online film viewers are men, whose favorite themes center on fantasy, comedy and adventure.
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.The cost of making TV dramas. | B.The characteristics of TV dramas. |
C.The popularity of TV dramas. | D.The overseas version of some TV dramas. |
A.Because it shows the content of a drama. | B.Because most audiences choose drama depend on it. |
C.Because it costs a large amount of money. | D.Because it includes the introduction of the characters. |
A.Children. | B.The old. | C.Female. | D.Male. |
A.The drama popular with Chinese | B.High-quality film |
C.Chinese female roles in TV dramas | D.Chinese dramas gain more popularity nowadays |
【推荐1】As a new age of genetic research draws near, soon, we may be able to choose the hair color build the IQ of our kids. Should we change embryos (胚胎) to improve intelligence or physical characteristics?
A beauty editor believes it will be difficult to stop the demand for “designer babies” once the technology is in place. “Once genetic scientists can change embryos to produce more beautiful children, there will be consumer demand,” she says. She acknowledges that fashion magazines may be partly responsible for fueling this discontent with a certain kind of appearance, but claims one cannot blame the media alone if people believe a bit of plastic surgery will change their lives. “Like it or not,” she argues, “we know that the pretty rots the part.”
Well-known plastic surgeons agree with this view. “People are looking for respect and self-confidence in a dog-eat-dog world that measures us by our appearance,” one specialist claims. “I understand their anxiety and offer a solution—cosmetic enhancement (整容美化). The next logical step is genetic enhancement, which would give the unborn child with similar physical advantages.”
Some philosophers also approve of genetic intervention (介入). As one of them put it, “What parent doesn’t wish for a beautiful, healthy baby? Why is it morally unacceptable to use technology to realize that dream? Moreover, a child designed to have high intelligence or sporting ability would hardly have reasons for complaint.”
However, many people are deeply disturbed by the idea of embryo enhancement. Some fear it will lead to a reduction in genetic differences, resulting in a lack of tolerance for diversity and disability. “And who is to say that this future generation of Barbies will be content?” asks the beauty editor. In her experience, people who pursue physical perfection through plastic surgery aren’t necessarily satisfied. They may suffer unwanted side effects-insecurity and increasing dissatisfaction with their self-image. What if the gene edited kid, or their parents, were to feel similarly dissatisfied?
1. What does the underlined phrase “this view” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.People are often judged by their looks. |
B.Cosmetic surgery reduces people’s lives. |
C.The media make people worry about their looks. |
D.People prefer genetic enhancement to plastic surgery. |
A.Worried | B.Disapproving. | C.Agreeable. | D.Cautious. |
A.Those who receive it may not like the results. |
B.It will make future generations look like Barbies. |
C.The money it requires should be spent on general medical care. |
D.It will raise the standards of physical beauty to unattainable levels. |
A.The advantages of genetic enhancement. |
B.The development of genetic enhancement. |
C.The promising future of genetic enhancement. |
D.People’s different opinions on genetic enhancement. |
【推荐2】Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time – about eight hours after you wake up – your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments, where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps(打盹) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.
Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap – even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
1. Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?A.They eat too much for lunch. | B.They sleep too little at night. |
C.Their body temperature becomes lower. | D.The weather becomes a lot warmer. |
A.About 12:30 pm. | B.About 1:30 pm. | C.About 2:30 pm. | D.About 3:30 pm. |
A.Taking naps is no good for health. |
B.Taking naps may lead to heart attack. |
C.Taking naps may lead to low working efficiency. |
D.Taking naps takes up the working time and reduces production. |
A.Just for a Rest | B.All for a Nap | C.A Special Sleep Pattern | D.No time to take naps |
【推荐3】Stephane Borie, Sarah Francis and Kathryn Francis, owners of the Checkers restaurant in Wales, announced they had returned the desirable star rating — regarded as the peak for any restaurant — before publication of the 2019 edition of the Michelin Guide on 1 October.
Sarah Francis and her partner, Stephane Borie, have three young children while Kathryn Francis has two.
“I don’t know how we’ve done it for all these years, juggling (同时处理) the kids with working split shifts and late hours,” said Sarah Francis. “It has been a joy to have the star and the most amazing news when we got it. It was great for trade and brilliant for the town. But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. It means we can work in the day and have our evenings to ourselves.
The restaurant will relaunch in November as Checkers Pantry, and will open for breakfast and lunch with drinks and cakes available throughout the day. Borie will continue to cook at the Checkers but also plans to add more dishes to his menu for private customers across Europe.
A top French restaurant, Le Suquet, stepped away from the listings last year, having held a three-star rating for nearly two decades. The chef Sebastien Bras said he no longer wanted to cook at his restaurant under the "huge pressure” of being judged by the inspectors. Michelin said it was the first time a French chef had asked to be dropped from its restaurant guide in this way.
Simon Wright, restaurateur, food writer and former AA food guide editor, said decisions such as that by the Checkers were “often a reflection of the enormous pressure and additional expectation that comes with a Michelin star".
1. From the passage, we can know the Checkers _________.A.changed its partnership |
B.came back to the Michelin Guide |
C.came out among the top restaurants |
D.first appeared in the 2019 Michelin guide |
A.To make more profits. |
B.To travel across Europe. |
C.To rebuild the restaurant. |
D.To spend more time with their families. |
A.The chef didn’t cook well. |
B.It gave up its Michelin star rating. |
C.It was opened about twenty years ago. |
D.It refused Michelin guide inspectors’ visit. |
A.quality food and service |
B.a privilege for a restaurant |
C.a guarantee for better business |
D.huge pressure and greater expectations |