Scientists and researchers have long sought to understand why people cry when experiencing joy or happiness.
Crying may regulate your body. Tears contain enzymes, lipids and metabolites. But emotional tears might also include other proteins and hormones. It is hypothesized that release of stress hormones may help control the body’s physical and emotional homeostasis(动态平衡).
It fosters vulnerability and social connection. Crying in any situation could also be our way of showing vulnerability as human beings.
You feel powerless over your emotions. Yet other scientists suggest that all types of crying are results of perceived feelings of frustration, helplessness, and surrender. Crying almost feels unavoidable when people experience a strong emotion, whether it’s joy, frustration, or anger.
Though you might not always allow your tears free fall, you often feel them coming on. Some research suggests that this is because crying can help you manage strong emotions.
Therefore, while you might be experiencing a happy or joyous occasion, you might find the emotion overwhelming. Crying helps you release some of this emotion.
| A．You have bottled-up feelings. |
| B．You lose control of your emotions. |
| C．When we cry, we signal to others to empathize with us. |
| D．Stress hormones may help calm you and regulate your mood. |
| E．When you cry, it feels like you are ridding some of these emotions. |
| F．Crying can be confusing to witness on a joyous occasion, but it happens often. |
| G．Crying for whatever reason has benefits for both your mental and physical well-being. |
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【推荐1】Throwing a rock into a calm body of water creates a ripple (波纹) effect across the calm water, until those ripples reach the edge of the water. It also explains how our actions affect other people. When we show love and kindness to others, the powerful effect of our actions spreads out further. The same goes for dislike or anger. It is important that we should begin being more thoughtful about our actions and words.
Love can reach so many different people, making it a powerful force in the world. Anger has the same effect. The world would be a better place if we learn to love and show kindness to others. We can’t always control what others do, but we have power over our actions and contribute our own ripples into the world.
We don’t always know the effect that our actions have on others. There will be times when you are angry. Some people may feel a sense of short-lived relief when they throw a rock of anger into the world, but that feeling usually changes into shame and anger towards oneself eventually. Anger hurts yourself and the world in the meanwhile. I suggest walking away for a while when you feel angry. Spreading love and kindness not only has positive effects on others but also on ourselves. You get to enjoy it, and the people around you can enjoy it too. Personally, I feel my best when I help others and I feel my worst when I’ve made someone upset. When we put kindness into the world, we'll feel thankfulness, sympathy, and understanding. Let my kindness guide my decisions and this allows love and connection to ripple out into the world.
It’s important that we take care of ourselves when we show love and kindness for others. When we love ourselves, we re then able to love others. And when we let this love and kindness guide our decisions, the world will become more beautiful.
1. For what reason does the author mention the experience of throwing a rock into a pond?| A．To share the very interesting experience. | B．To inform readers of a new theory. |
| C．To stress the importance of his life experience. | D．To introduce the topic of this text. |
| A．Anger is a powerful force that can reach other people. |
| B．Anger can hurt both ourselves and the others. |
| C．Throwing anger to the world, one may get a sense of eventual relief. |
| D．Throwing anger to the world, one may get self-directed shame and anger. |
| A．By referring to a theory. | B．By giving some examples. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By analyzing cause and effect. |
| A．Dislike usually leads to shame and anger in the end. |
| B．Love and kindness make the world much more beautiful. |
| C．Kindness or anger ripples out to other people nearby. |
| D．Anger has a similar effect on our actions to kindness. |
【推荐2】Finland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation (国家品牌代表团) has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource,” it said.
Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological (生理学) effects of music. “We didn’t think about the effect of silence,” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal (兴奋),” he explained.
This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two-minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,” he said.
This finding is reinforced by neurological (神经系统的) research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious (意识的) workspace.” Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in.
Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland’s marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren’t detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself.”
1. Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1?| A．To present how Finland viewed silence. |
| B．To highlight the need of noise in Finland. |
| C．To explain why Finland issued the brands. |
| D．To indicate the authority of the Delegation. |
| A．It challenged the calming effect of music. |
| B．It emphasized the role of silence between sounds. |
| C．It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence. |
| D．It stated brains’ information processing in the quiet. |
| A．doubtful | B．supportive | C．disapproving | D．unconcerned |
| A．Silence: A Limited Resource | B．Silence: A Misunderstood Tool |
| C．Silence: The Unexpected Power | D．Silence: The Value by Contrasts |
【推荐3】When I was younger I was fascinated with stories of magic. I was absorbed in books where wizards(男巫) and fighters battled the powers of darkness in strange worlds. I was delighted when they won bringing peace and happiness to their lands
As I got older, however, I realized that there was no such thing as magic
There is such a thing as magic in this world. There is such a thing as magic in each one of us.This magic is called LOVE.
| A．I struggled through a long period of poverty. |
| B．I was not eager to have any power that controlled the world. |
| C．Then one day I started to discover a different kind of magic. |
| D．May you choose it, share it, and live in it every single day of your life. |
| E．It didn’t get rid of my pain but it helped me deal with it so much better. |
| F．It helped me see them as the beautiful, loving and joyful souls they truly are. |
| G．Most of the readers like me secretly wished for magical powers for themselves. |
【推荐1】Harper Lee, the author of To Kill a Mockingbird, has died at the age of 89.The book remains a towering presence in American literature.It tells the tale that a white lawyer defends a black man accused of rape in the Deep South.It sold more than 40 million copies worldwide.55 years after it was published, in 2015, she released the sequel, Go Set a Watchman.
Harper Lee was born in 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama.She was the youngest of four children of lawyer Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Cunningham Finch Lee.She was a guardedly private person, respected and protected by residents of her town, rarely giving interviews despite her fame.
Tributes have been paid to the Alabama－born writer.Former US President George W Bush, who awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007, said she was “a legendary novelist and lovely lady”．Lee's literary agent Andrew Nurnberg said: “Knowing Lee these past few years has been not just a complete delight but an extraordinary privilege.When I saw her just six weeks ago, she was full of life, her mind and rapid thought as sharp as ever.We have lost a great writer, a great friend.”Spencer Madrie is the owner of an independent book store in Lee's hometown.It focuses largely on Lee's works.He said: “The world has lost a brilliant mind and a great writer.We will remember Harper Lee for her straightness, her talent, and the truths she gave the world, perhaps before the world was ready.We are grateful to have had a connection to an author who offered so much.There will always be something missing from Monroeville and the world largely in the absence of Harper Lee.”
1. The book, To Kill a Mockingbird, ____.| A．is also called Go Set a Watchman |
| B．is a tale about a war between the white and the black |
| C．is a monument work |
| D．was published in 2015 |
| A．Harper Lee often receives the interviews |
| B．Harper Lee is respected with his fame |
| C．Harper Lee is protected by all the family |
| D．Harper Lee was a selfish person |
| A．She was awarded with Presidential Medal of Freedom. |
| B．She was frank and told the truth of the world. |
| C．She was talent and had brilliant mind. |
| D．She had certain privilege over other people. |
| A．worried | B．grateful |
| C．sorrowful | D．surprised |
We are overjoyed at your generously long letter. We have been rather worried about you since your reticent Xmas card from Spain. We thought that your indignation at Fascist (Natsi) terrors might have made you join the Spanish Republican army on leaving Oxford. In that case, the world would certainly gain a hero, but we might (O horrible thought!) lose a friend. You can imagine our relief to hear from you again.
We shall be here for another four or five months yet, and we shall sail home in September. Not that we have homes to return to! Our houses, spared by the shell-fire, have been looted and gutted of all their valuable contents. Our families have taken refuge in mountains. My wife lost her mother, and I myself have no hope of getting jobs in China. However, one’s own people; I don’t mind suffering a bit. The revolution of the Fortune’s wheel might bring us up, and, as Goethe (歌德，著名诗人) was fond of saying, abwarten Sie.
Yes, Stuart, I have been working entirely on my own. I have tried to read French literature systematically downwards, beginning with Villon, and already got as far as the mid-nineteenth century. I have also read the German romantics. I am reading Taine’s novel. Besides, I have not neglected my English and Chinese studies.
Oh, my baby daughter is bursting fat. She already boasts of six teeth (each tooth meaning a week or so of worries and sleeplessness on her part as well as our own). She is very naughty and self-willed. She will be able to walk a little next month.
My wife sends you her best wishes. Write to me at your earliest convenience.
Yours ever,
Chung-shu Tchi’ien
P.S. My wife wants me to tell you that the baby is really “her father’s daughter”. She loves nothing so much as books—to tear and nibble at, certainly not to read. She throws away her toys to grab at the books we happen to be reading.
1. If published, the letter can be found in the column of .
| A．continued stories | B．cover story |
| C．book review | D．anecdotes and life |
| A．the writer’s homeland was suffering from a terrible war |
| B．the writer, as well as Stuart, was fond of Chinese literature |
| C．the writer and his family had never planned to leave for homeland |
| D．Stuart was leaving for China together with the writer and his family |
| A．ignore helplessly | B．escape hopelessly |
| C．seek desperately | D．wait patiently |
| A．casual | B．cautious |
| C．humorous | D．determined |
【推荐3】Welcome to Fresh Start February! This week Mayor Muriel Bowser announced that I would transition to the private sector. Today, my last official day as the Director of the Mayor's Office of Community Affairs. After serving 6 years in the Executive Office of Mayor Muriel Bowser and 2 of those years as Director, of the Mayor's Office of Community Affairs, I am very excited and look forward to starting this next phase in my career.
I am humbled and grateful to Mayor Bowser for trusting in me to be a leader in her administration and to serve as the primary liaison between you-the members of the community, and 13 community affairs offices to foster relationships across all 8 Wards. What can I say, other than it has been an amazing journey and I am grateful!
This journey has been the very foundation of our work in partnership and collaboration between District of Columbia residents and the Executive Office of the Mayor. We have established partnerships with communities, conducted and coordinated several events, town halls, forums, and projects in support of carrying forward mayoral initiatives at the community level.
We have built stronger ties between the Mayor and community organizations civic groups, and Advisory Neighborhood Commissions (ANCs) while attending to the intersectional needs of the community.
Also, thank you to the 90+ MOCA staff members that have helped me up to provide support to our office directors and District residents throughout the years. Interacting with you all and having the opportunity to work with such dedicared individuals is something I have and will never take for granted. I have often been inspired by the creativity and innovation that they bring to the respective offices. Our work has left a lasting impression on my life.
Again, thank you to our first female two-term Mayor, Muriel Bowser for her leadership and for allowing me to be a part of this great work! I want to thank you for your support throughout this journey, and I am excited about the great work that will continue to go forward. I leave with fond memories of my 8 years total in the John A. Wilson Building.
2 years in the office or Councilmember Anita Bonds and with memories that I will forever cherish. I also know that MOCA is well-positioned to go to the NEXT LEVEL! It has been one of my greatest privileges to serve with you. Until we meet again.
1. А_______________ is a person whose job is to make sure there is a good relationship between two groups or organizations.| A．mayor | B．resident | C．director | D．liaison |
| A．2 | B．6. | C．8. | D．10. |
| A．Muriel Bowser. | B．The private sector. |
| C．Local residents. | D．MOCA staff members. |
