The Oldest Cookbooks from Libraries Around the World
Libro de arte coquinaria
The Library of Congress
The 15th-century Libro de arte coquinaria, or The Art of Cooking, is the work of Maestro Martino da Como. Martino was known for cooking for his employer. Along the way, he achieved fame as “the prince of cooks.” Martino’s work is significant for another reason too. In the 15th century, his recipes made up a major part of the world’s first printed cookbook, Platina’s De honesta voluptate et valetudine.
Shanjia Qinggong
The Harvard-Yenching Library
Harvard-Yenching owns a 17th-century copy of the Simple Offerings of Rural Households (Shanjia Qinggong). Containing over 100 recipes, Simple Offerings is probably the earliest surviving cookbook in Chinese. The author, Lin Hong, was a man of letters who lived in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lin evidently preferred vegetarian foods, as most of his recipes were plant-based.
Wushi Zhongkui lu
The Harvard-Yenching Library
Harvard-Yenching is also home to a 17th-century copy of the Cooking Manual of Madame Wu (Wushi Zhongkui lu), one of two surviving cookbooks by a Chinese woman before the 20th century. Unfortunately, few of Madame Wu’s personal details are known. Scholars guess that she lived in the larger Shanghai region during the Southern Song Dynasty. Madame Wu apparently had a weakness for sweets, as she devoted a full chapter of her cookbook just to desserts.
Complete Kitchen and Cellar Dictionary The Oslo Public Library
The Oslo Public Library, known as the Deichman Library, has a 1716 copy of the Complete Kitchen and Cellar Dictionary, written by the German writer Paul Jacob Marperger. It belonged to a Norwegian lawyer named Johan Fredrik Bartholin, who donated it to the city of Christiania (the former name for Oslo) in 1784. The book has been in the Deichman collection since it opened in 1785.
1. Who greatly contributed to the world’s first printed cookbook?| A．Lin Hong. | B．Paul Jacob Marperger. |
| C．Maestro Martino da Como. | D．Madame Wu. |
| A．Their authors were a man of letters. |
| B．They focused on plant-based recipes. |
| C．Their copies first appeared in Shanghai. |
| D．They were written in the Southern Song Dynasty. |
| A．Shanjia Qinggong. | B．Wushi Zhongkui lu. |
| C．Libro de arte coquinaria. | D．Complete Kitchen and Cellar Dictionary. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】CHRONOLOGICA
——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History
DID YOU KNOW....
In 105 AD paper was invented in China?
When Columbus discovered the New World?
The British Museum opened in 1759?
CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through times, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons...and monkeys in space.
Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.
CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and amusing tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
1. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?| A．A science fiction | B．A travel guide |
| C．A history book | D．A biography |
| A．By giving details of its collection |
| B．By introducing some of its contents |
| C．By telling stories at the beginning |
| D．By comparing it with other books |
| A．It mainly concentrates on well-known people. |
| B．It’s intended for young readers only. |
| C．It helps make clear some historical facts. |
| D．Its style is likely to be serious and formal. |
【推荐2】Imagine a relay race. During this race, an athlete holds a stick as he runs a certain distance. Then he passes the stick to the next runner. That person runs faster, and then passes the stick to a third runner. Now imagine that the runners do not pass a stick. Instead they pass shiny silk, as well as gold, fruit, and glass. Imagine that the race does not move forward in just one direction. Instead the runners go back and forth along a road. They trade goods all along this route (路线) and at each end of it. Now imagine that the runners are businessmen. They lead caravans (商队) or lines of camels that carry things to sell. They travel on the ancient Silk Road to earn their living.
The Silk Road was a complex trade network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It stretched from eastern China, across central Asia and the Middle East, to the Mediterranean Sea. Businessmen traveled on the Silk Road from about 200 B. C. to about 1300 A. D. Then sea travel began to offer new routes. Some people called the Silk Road the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road included many routes — not just one smooth path. The routes ran through mountains and across deserts. They passed through an area that now includes 18 countries. The Silk Road had many dangers. These dangers ranged from hot sun and deep snow to thieves and wars. Only expert traders could survive.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized goods. People used silk as money. They could pay taxes or buy goods with it. Traders carried more than just silk, though. They had gold, silver, and glass from Europe. People in the Middle East and Asia wanted these things. Businessmen also took horses from flat, grassy areas in central Asia and brought them to China and other areas. The horses changed the way people farmed and ran their armies. Indian businessmen traded salt and rare, beautiful stones. Chinese merchants traded medicine and china. They also traded paper, which quickly replaced animal skins in the west. Businessmen carried apples from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to combine different trees to create new kinds of fruit. They taught this science to others, such as the Romans. The Romans began to grow apples for food. The Silk Road led to worldwide commerce 2, 000 years before the World Wide Web.
The people along the Silk Road did not share only goods. They also shared beliefs. Monks, priests, and other faith leaders taught their religions to others. The Silk Road created pathways for knowledge, diplomacy, and religion.
1. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably read the article?| A．Science. | B．Travel. |
| C．Sports. | D．Culture. |
| A．the Silk Road included many routes |
| B．the Silk Road passed through many areas |
| C．people traveled on the Silk Road for too long |
| D．there were more dangers along the Silk Road |
| A．Appropriate. | B．Preserved. |
| C．Valuable. | D．Useful. |
| A．The Silk Road helped spread religions to more people. |
| B．The Silk Road gave people the idea to build highways. |
| C．Some people probably died while travelling. |
| D．Westerners probably used to write on animal skins. |
【推荐3】Country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the United States today because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events — love, sadness, good times, and bad times. It tells real-life, stories and sounds the way people really talk. As life becomes more complicated (复杂), it is good to hear music about ordinary people.
Country music, sometimes called country-western, comes from two kinds of music. One is the traditional music of the people in the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the west. The singers usually play guitars, and in the 1920s they started using electric guitars. At first city people said country music was low class. It was popular mostly in the South.
But during World War II, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories. They took their music with them. Soldiers from the rest of the country went to army camps (军营) in the South. They learned country music. Slowly it became popular all over the country.
Today country music is also popular everywhere in the United States and Canada — in small towns and in New York City, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. About 1, 200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. English stars sing it in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages. The music that started with cowboys and poor southerners is now popular all over the world.
1. It can be learned from the passage that country music comes from ________.| A．the Northeast and Midwest | B．real-life stories in small towns |
| C．factories and army camps in the South | D．the Appalachian Mountains and the West |
| A．the Northeast | B．the north | C．the Midwest | D．the south |
| A．they wanted to take music with them | B．they wanted to work in the factories there |
| C．they wanted to make country music popular | D．they wanted to make other people like country music |
【推荐1】At Wet ‘n’ Wild Gold Coast, the summer is endless and so is the fun. Wet ‘n’ Wild offers various fun.
Wet ‘n’ Wild Junior
Experience Wet ‘n’ Wild Junior, a huge new place just for little adventures. Wet ‘n’ Wild Junior has kid-friendly water slides (水滑道), which are designed especially for kids.
Whirlpool Springs
For the first time ever, you can be Cool ‘n’ Calm in the new Whirlpool Springs at Wet ‘n’ Wild Water World. These excellent cold spas will help you cool off. Whirlpool Springs is a seasonal attraction.
Zipline
Your heart will race as you speed across 200 metres of extreme Zipline from the top of Whitewater Mountain to the Wave Pool. Bookings can be made at the Wet ‘n’ Wild Surf Shop.
River Rapids
Move your way down Whitewater Mountain on Wet ‘n’ Wild’s all new River Rapids! With a Rocky Mountain theme, River Rapids have four new body slides with something to please everyone. Speed lovers will love the two new slides while the open air flumes (引水槽) are perfect for the kids.
Price
Wet ‘n’ Wild Gold Coast One Day Admission Adult: $64.00
Wet ‘n’ Wild Gold Coast One Day Admission Child (3-13 yrs incl.): $49.00
Operating Hours: from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Thursday 16th July—Monday 31st August 2020
Trading Hours: Monday—Friday from 10:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
Trading Hours: Saturday—Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
from Tuesday 1st September
Trading Hours: Monday—Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
Place: Entertainment Rd, Oxenford QLD 4210, Australia
1. Where will you go if you want to experience the cool feeling?| A．Wet ‘n’ Wild Junior. | B．Whirlpool Springs. |
| C．Zipline. | D．River Rapids. |
| A．$113. | B．$128. |
| C．$162. | D．$177. |
| A．Thursday 16th July, 2020. | B．Friday 14th August, 2020. |
| C．Sunday 30th August, 2020. | D．Wednesday 2nd September, 2020. |
David,
I’ve been planting things in my garden.
First, I put some vegetables in one part of the garden. I planted some potatoes and carrots by the white fence. I look forward to eating them when they re ready.
I also planted some pink flowers called foxgloves to make the garden look attractive.
A few days ago, I cut some flowers off foxgloves growing wild near my home and took out their seeds (种子). I planted these seeds in various places around my garden. I planted some in the center of the garden and some near the vegetables. In both places, they can get lots of sunlight. I planted a few in the shade (荫) of the big apple tree. I also planted some by the pond (池塘), and I covered them completely to stop birds from eating them.
I don’t know when they will start producing flowers, but they’ll be lovely when they do. The flowers look so beautiful that they’d make a salad look amazing.
Marjorie
Text 2
These bell-shaped purple, pink, or white flowers grow in a line stretching up to 1.8 meters. Their name probably comes from their shape. But it also has something to do with a story from Ireland. In that story, foxes (狐狸) put the flowers on their feet to hide the sound of their footsteps.
To grow foxgloves from seeds, scatter (撒) them away from direct sunlight. And, be sure not to cover them completely because they need a little light from the sun to begin growing. A fully buried seed will not produce a plant.
Strangely, although humans’ eating foxgloves can cause the heart to beat too fast or in a way that is not regular, it is also given as a medicine for heart problems. However, if not prescribed (开处方) by an expert, it is very easy to get the amount wrong. So it is strongly advised that people not eat the plant at all.
1. What is the purpose of Marjorie’s letter to David?| A．To share her joy in doing some planting. | B．To invite David to join her in gardening. |
| C．To describe what kind of flower she likes. | D．To explain why she enjoys growing plants. |
| A．The cause of their colors. | B．The reason for their shape. |
| C．A legend related to their name. | D．A belief regarding their benefits. |
| A．Wild birds. | B．Noisy foxes. | C．Heavy rain. | D．Direct sunlight. |
| A．She is likely to make a mistake. | B．She decides to perform an experiment. |
| C．She wishes to change a decision. | D．She wants to ask David for help. |
【推荐3】Top Exhibitions to See in London in 2023
Architectural: Vanishing Points
While we like to think of architecture existing purely in the real world, emerging designers and architects are using platforms like Instagram to create structures in the virtual world. This collection of works, which range from the practical to the fantastical, are all by architects who have gathered significant social media followings.
In the Digital Universe at ROCA London. 8 February—31 July, free.
Flowery: Orchids
This annual festival is back in bloom (开花), this time inspired by the beauty and biodiversity of Cameroon. Just like previous years, the orchids are spread throughout the various zones of the Princess of Wales conservatory and accompanied by sculptures that are just as colourful as the flowers on display.
At Kew Gardens. 4 February —5 March, &16.50—entrance to the gardens included.
Female Abstraction: Action, Gesture, Paint
Art history has often shone a light on the men of Abstract Expressionism, such as Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko. Well, now’s the time to let the most important women of the movement take the limelight in an exhibition that includes works by American artists such as Lee Krasner and Helen Frankenthaler, but spreads the net wider to include the female abstract artists from Europe, Asia and the wider world, with whom most of us will be unfamiliar.
At Whitechapel Gallery. 9 February—7 May, £ 16.50—concessions available.
Powerful Portraits (肖像): Alice Neel
The largest UK exhibition to date of American painter Alice Neel’s work will bring together her figurative pieces from across her 60-year career. Neel went against the popular grain by painting figures when abstract works were most popular, and she painted subjects that other artists ignored — pregnant women, labour leaders, black children, civil rights activists and strange performers. It’s high time we had a major show of her work in London, and the Barbican has duly provided.
At Barbican Art Gallery. 16 February—21 May, & 18.
1. Which of the following exhibitions is held once a year?| A．Flowery: Orchids. |
| B．Powerful Portraits: Alice Neel. |
| C．Architectural: Vanishing Points. |
| D．Female Abstraction: Action, Gesture, Paint. |
| A．On February 8. | B．On January 7. | C．On April 7. | D．On May 8. |
| A．She is 60 years old now. |
| B．Her works didn’t follow the trend. |
| C．She often ignored some common subjects. |
| D．She is the most popular American painter in the UK. |
