For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual sense, attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
“We believe these findings relate to a cultural difference to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
“Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”
1. What may an online profile photo reflect?2. According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
4. Apart from cultural differences, what other factors might influence one’s choice of profile photo on social media? And give some examples. (In about 40 words)
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【推荐1】Each year millions of people go abroad to work, study or travel. It’s a great way to find out what life is like in another part of the world! You’ re probably hoping to make new friends and learn about the culture in your host country. But constantly having to deal with new situations can be frustrating, even stressful.
Have an open mind. While it’s certainly OK to feel frustrated or confused in your new surroundings, try not to form an opinion about the new culture too soon. You may be quick to judge the food, manners and communication styles and as a result, you may want to do things the way you are used to.
Participate in your new life. This is obvious, but everybody needs to be reminded. Just watching life go on around you isn’t good enough. You really need to try things for yourself. Don’t worry about making a mistake; people in your host country will generally be very understanding and willing to help if you have problems.
Your study abroad experience is a unique and special time in your life, one that you’ll never forget. If you follow our suggestions, you’ll be able to handle it well and have a wonderful time. Good luck!
A.Try to form the opinion about the new culture as soon as possible. |
B.Keep in touch. |
C.Talk to someone about your problem. |
D.Don’t think of the host culture as better or worse, just different. |
E.Homesickness, stress, fear, and confusion are all symptoms of “culture shock”. |
F.If you are unsure of what to do in a formal setting, follow others’ lead. |
Batalla del Vino—Haro, Spain
For many years, June 29th is a good day to visit Haro, Spain. Bring a bottle of wine and prepare to be washed in red wine in the heart of Spain’s grape-growing area. After a church ceremony, crowds flock(集结)to the hills for the battle, where white shirts will be made bright purple by the end of the morning.
Bay to Breakers—San Francisco, California
Created after the terrible 1906 earthquake as a way of encouraging people, the race has become one of the region’s most important events. Held every year on the third Sunday of May, the race runs through the city from the Bay to the Pacific Breakers. The real highlight, however, is the thousands of people dressed up in a show.
Pillow Fight Day—Worldwide
These events are organized mainly through the Internet. Tens of thousands of people participated in the 4th annual International Pillow Fight Day on April 2,2013. From London to Vancouver to many other cities, the festivals were held in more than 100 countries. So just bring a soft pillow in early April, and watch feathers flying.
Koninginnedag— The Netherlands
Although their Queen’s birthday is really during the winter, she celebrates it on April 30th — the country’s official “Queen’s Day” since 1949.
Orange is the national color, and the streets become a sea of shining wigs(假发)and body paints, as crowds gather in the squares and on boats in the canals. Amsterdam is the center of this outdoor party, but nearly every town is alive with orange on this day.
1. People celebrated Batalla del Vino by ____.
A.wearing bright purple shirts |
B.pouring wine onto others’ white shirts |
C.flocking to the hills after a ceremony |
D.holding a drinking wine competition |
A.the most exciting part | B.the brightest part |
C.the highest part | D.the hardest part |
A.Batalla del Vino. | B.Bay to Breakers. |
C.Pillow Fight Day. | D.Koninginnedag. |
A.June 29th is a good day to visit Haro, Spain. |
B.The race is held every year to encourage people. |
C.Pillow Fight Day is held in more than 100 countries. |
D.The Queen of the Netherlands was born on April 30th. |
【推荐3】We know good manners are important. Today I am going to tell you something about manners in different countries. I think you already know that people in different countries usually have different ways of doing things. Something that is rude in one country may be quite polite in another. For example, in Britain you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having liquid food. That is considered bad manners in Britain. But in Japan you needn’t worry about making a noise when you drink something. It shows that you are enjoying it. In Britain we try not to put our hands on the table at all during a meal. In Mexico, however, guests are expected to keep their hands on the table throughout a meal. In Arabic countries we must be careful with our hands. You see, in Arabic countries you mustn’t cat with your left hand. This is considered to be very impolite. So, what should you do if you visit a foreign country? Well, you needn’t worry. You can ask the native people there to help you and you can just watch carefully and try to do what they do.
1. In Britain we try not to put our hands during a meal ______.A.in the bowl | B.in your mouth | C.beside the food | D.on the table |
A.mouth | B.eyes | C.food | D.hands |
A.In different countries, the manners are the same. |
B.Different manners in different countries. |
C.Good manners are not important. |
D.In Arabic countries we mustn’t be careful with our hands. |
A.Manners | B.Habits | C.Traffic | D.Lights |
【推荐1】With the development of technology and economy, social media is becoming one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world. A study conducted by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily.
Changing relationships
High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication. “It makes face-to-face relationships harder because of people s attention given to their phones instead of their friends,” Cooper said.
Wanting to be “liked”
However, Armin Korsos, a student from Illinois, takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube. “Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before,” Korsos said.
A.Opening new doors. |
B.Teenagers’ attitude toward social media |
C.However, the social media is beneficial to long-distance friends. |
D.The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. |
E.Negative comments can also do great damage to a teenager’s self-respect. |
F.The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives. |
G.Yet, some think with social media, it’s easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. |
【推荐2】For years, it felt like the social media landscape didn’t change much. CNN broke down some of the biggest and buzziest (活跃的) social media platforms — how they work, who they’re for and who runs them.
Facebook … when you’re looking for community (or used furniture)
With more than 2 billion daily users around the world, it’s tricky to describe the stereotypical (典型的) Facebook user. Some come for Facebook Marketplace, which lets users buy and sell everything from vintage furniture to used cars. Many others come looking for community — whether that’s photo updates from their great aunt’s bridge night, or online groups dedicated to new parents or people navigating health challenges. But some of those communities have created serious issues, including groups that have spread vaccine misinformation or those that used the platform to help organize the January 6, 2021, US Capitol attack.
Instagram … when you’re looking to feel envious
What started as a photo-sharing app for friends has changed into a place where the goal is apparently to try to make yourself look more fun and more well-traveled than everyone else. Whether you’re looking at “lifestyle” tips from influencers, sponsored fashion or photos from your high school crush’s summer Italy trip — it’s all there. That culture can make the platform fun and inspirational, but it’s also raised concerns about the app’s impact on users’ mental health, especially for young girls.
TikTok … when you’re looking for entertainment
TikTok is no longer just an app for dancing teens, but many people still scroll (and scroll, and scroll) the short-form video app when they’re looking to be entertained. The platform serves up zippy videos on everything from news and book recommendations to comedy and “get ready with me” style makeup tutorials (辅导), and sometimes content about conspiracy (阴谋) theories.
YouTube… when you’re looking for something to watch
The original video-based social network. YouTube has in recent years worked to crack down on various forms of misinformation. The platform is now trying to take on TikTok with its “YouTube Shorts” short video feature.
1. If you are to buy second-hand products, you’d better use ________.A.TikTok | B.Facebook | C.YouTube | D.Instagram |
A.Instagram is targeted at girls . |
B.TikTok mainly focuses on dance. |
C.YouTube has taken action to cope with misinformation. |
D.Few people are using Facebook. |
A.Every coin has two sides. |
B.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. |
C.Four eyes see more than two. |
D.Drop by drop the oceans are filled. |
【推荐3】When you set a foot outside of your door to drop trash, go to a social event or go for a walk, thoughts like “I hope I don’t see anyone I know” or “please don’t talk to me” may run through your mind. I’ve also said such things to myself. Sometimes the last thing you want to do is to talk with someone, especially someone new.
Why do we go out of our ways to avoid people? Do we think meeting new people is a waste of time? Or are we just lazy, thinking that meeting someone new really is a trouble?
Communication is the key to life. We have been told that many times. Take the past generations, like our parents, for example. They seem to take full advantage of that whole “communication” idea because they grew up talking face to face while Generation-Y grew up staring at screens. We spend hours of our days sitting on Facebook. We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don’t have the courage to actually do in reality.
Nowadays, we are so caught up in our little circle of friends — our comfort zone. We love it that they laugh at our jokes, understand our feelings and can read our minds. Most importantly, they know when we want to be alone. They just get us.
Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don’t actually believe and being someone you think they want you to be — it is, as I said before, a trouble. It takes up so much energy, and at some point or another, it is too tiring.
But meeting new people is important. Life is too short, so meet all the people you can meet, make the effort to go out and laugh. Remember, every “hello” leads to a smile — and a smile is worth a lot.
1. What do we learn about the author?A.He likes to be alone. | B.He feels nervous lately. |
C.He’s afraid of talking to others at times. | D.He’s active in attending social events. |
A.They rely on the Internet to socialize. |
B.They are less confident in themselves. |
C.They have difficulty in communicating. |
D.They are unwilling to make new friends. |
A.They fear to disappoint their old friends. |
B.They want to take time to do meaningful work |
C.They are busy with their study. |
D.They think it troublesome. |
A.To tell about the importance of friends. |
B.To encourage people to meet new people. |
C.To give tips on how to meet new people. |
D.To introduce the disadvantages of Generation-Y. |