Chinese scientists say they have found a solution to help the CR450 bullet train run smoothly at 400 km/h by 2025.
China’s fastest trains currently reach a top speed of around 350km/h and passengers usually have an extremely smooth experience, but that doesn’t make it get complacent. The country planned to launch a new bullet train model by 2025 that can run 400 km/h — a speed that only some commercial super cars like the Bugatti Veyron can run.
At such high speed, even a small collision (碰撞) can cause the whole train to shake. Continuous vibrations (振动) can make passengers seasick. The team led by Professor Shi Jin from Beijing Jiaotong University said the problem could be solved by adjusting the height of the rails by just a few millimeters at some sensitive points. Shi’s team ran tests on a test line, and the results showed that their method really worked.
“As trains go faster, the interaction between wheels and tracks increases, making existing measures to reduce ride vibrations less effective,” Shi said. According to the team’s calculations, the vibration felt by passengers during a400 km/h trip will be 5% higher than at present. That might seem like a small difference, but it can increase the wavelength of the vibrations felt along the train by 15%. If not effectively controlled, this can make passengers uncomfortable during the journey, even unsafe. Research shows that lifting sleepers by just a few millimeters can resist this impact.
Trains with different speeds can operate on the same track, but each speed setting requires different sleepers. Existing Chinese safety standards allow only an error of one millimeter when adjusting the sleepers. China has more than 40,000 km of high-speed railways in operation. To make them all suitable for 400 km/h trains will be a difficult task. However, it’s necessary to find a solution soon because according to the government’s 5-year plan, the new generation of high-speed train, the CR450, will be completed and put into operation in less than 3years.
1. What does the underlined phrase “get complacent” mean in paragraph 2?A.Convenient. | B.Successful. | C.Respected. | D.Satisfied. |
A.The way wheels and tracks interact. |
B.The effect of vibration on passengers. |
C.The difficulty in adjusting the sleepers. |
D.The reason why existing sleepers should be lifted. |
A.Their sleepers need adjusting all the time. |
B.The more these railways are built, the better. |
C.Enough of them will be in use in three years. |
D.It’s hard to make 400 km/h trains run on all of them. |
A.China Develops 400 km/h Bullet Train |
B.China’s Trains Care More for Passengers |
C.China’s CR450s Replace Other Trains |
D.China Focuses on Railway Technology |
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【推荐1】If electric bikes haven't caught your attention yet, here's one that might. Okapi, a Boston-based company, is producing a unique e-bike that bridges the gap between motorcycles and ordinary bikes.
These aren't normal bikes. If the futuristic appearance doesn't give them away, the specs(规格)will: Okapi's bikes have an all-electric range of up to 40 miles and a top speed of around 30 mph. Those aren't crazy numbers, but they are more than adequate(合乎要求)for an ordinary bike. The company's selling its bikes for just under $3,000. That's in line with other e-bikes' pricing, but Okapi's bikes look more attractive than the others, which try to look like normal bicycles.
The bikes full suspension(减震), hidden storage, and 1,000-watt motor all add up to a fun ride. Okapi's design appears to be stronger and more able to handle the bumps(碰撞)than many other electric bikes, some of which appear to be modeled after old models The main downside to Okapi's design is that it supports a maximum of 280 pounds, which may stop some riders enjoying the bike.
Electric bikes are getting cheaper, almost every day, but Okapi's product charges a high price The Starter Edition bike costs $2,989. 98. The good news is that Okapi's bike looks better and stronger than many offerings on the market today.
Though they're not the most mainstream product there, e-bikes are worth the coin at almost any price. If you' re considering buying an electric bike, do it. E-bikes absolutely offer you an enjoyable and exciting experience, even on the cheaper end.
1. What do we know about Okapi's new bike?A.Its look is normal. | B.Its speed is steady. | C.It has a lower price. | D.It has a limited load. |
A.Function | B.Feature. | C.Disadvantage | D.Advantage. |
A.Objective. | B.Unclear. | C.Conservative. | D.Supportive |
A.Okapi: A New E-bike Producer | B.E-bikers: Cooler than You Think |
C.E-bikers: a Future Leader of Bikes | D.Okapi: A Pioneer in the E-bike Market |
You can rent a variety of motorbikes or bikes in Thailand. It seems to be very popular in most of the beaches and islands along the places in the north. The most popular bikes are the little 125 cc Honda Dream which you can get for about 150 baht (铢) a day or as little as 3,000 baht per month, making it the cheapest way to tour Thailand for the people from other countries.
Sometimes you will have to go somewhere by taxi. When you are in cities in Thailand, especially in Bangkok, always remember to get a taxi that is going on the roads. Some drivers outside hotels refuse to use the milometer (计程表). They will ask a price which is several times the price when they use the meter!
The quality of the roads in Thailand is generally pretty good, so renting cars is another way to get around. The big car rental companies may offer you slightly older cars at a very reasonable (合理的) price. It is a little surprising considering that the cost of buying a car in Thailand is more than that in the West. Petrol is also reasonably priced in Thailand, more expensive than American prices, but much cheaper than what is paid in Europe. In the past, Bangkok could be a difficult place to drive in — signs were generally in Thai only, making it a hard job to find exactly where you were by looking around. But now, the situation is improved. In a lot of places, even the farthest corners of the country, street signs are in both Thai and English.
1. To a foreigner, the cheapest way to get around Thailand is renting a ________.
A.car | B.taxi | C.bike | D.motorbike |
A.To take a taxi driving on the road. |
B.To take a taxi parked outside hotels. |
C.To make sure there is a meter in it. |
D.To bargain with the driver over the price. |
A.there were too many traffic jams on the roads |
B.there were no signs showing directions |
C.the signs were written only in their own language |
D.the quality of the roads was not good |
【推荐3】Every time we get on a plane, we’re asked to either turn off our phones or change them to flight mode—it’s for “security reasons”.But according to The Conversation website, having to turn our phones off on a plane is “a service issue, not a safety one”.When we speak on our phones in the air, they can cause interference to the aircraft’s radios and pilots can hear this interference in their headphones.“It’s the same noise you’ll be familiar with, if you put your mobile too close to a speaker,” the Mirror noted.“It is not safety-critical, but is annoying for sure.” Though speaking on a phone during a flight isn’t dangerous, from the viewpoint of service, it isn’t still a good idea.
When we make or receive a call on the ground, we connect to a cell tower that deals with all calls within an 80-kilometer radius (半径).As we move from place to place we are “handed on” to different cell towers.As US scientist Sven Bilen explains, for this system to work, there are “built-in” expectations:There shouldn’t be too many “handoffs” and people shouldn’t be traveling faster than car speeds.“Of course, phone users should be close to the ground.” he added.If we were to make phone calls while we flew, however, none of these expectations would be met.And even worse, our cellphones would stop working.
But now things are beginning to change.If we still can’t speak during a flight, we can use other phone functions.For example, Airbus A330 of Emirates Airlines has inflight WiFi to make passengers send and receive short messages in the air.In the future, as Bilen points out, it may be possible for air travelers to make and receive calls freely.The breakthrough could be “pico cells”, which are small cell towers on the plane itself.There would no longer be connections made between phones and the ground and therefore there would be no danger of disruption to phone service.
One day, perhaps, we will be chatting in the air as much as we chat on the ground.
1. Why are passengers required to turn off their phones on a plane?A.Because using phones will pose a threat to their safety. |
B.Because using phones may cause annoying noise to pilots. |
C.Because turning off phones can ensure passengers a better service. |
D.Because phones will fail to be connected to the cell tower when in the air. |
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.People should travel slower than airplane speeds to make a phone call successfully. |
B.Passengers are likely to make or receive phone calls freely on a plane in the future. |
C.“Pico cells” has been applied by airlines to provide passengers with good phone service. |
D.Passengers can receive calls on Airbus A330 of Emirates Airlines with the help of inflight WiFi. |
A.A science fiction. | B.A travel journal. | C.A guidebook. | D.A magazine. |
【推荐1】SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should stop accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the dead said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily without new technology. Probably the most well-known are the Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They advocate (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s, quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. However, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
1. By mentioning driverless cars in Paragraph 1, the author wants to .A.present an idea | B.introduce the topic |
C.give an example | D.explain the reason |
A.Caring about luxuries. |
B.Living in mountain areas. |
C.Making full use of new technology. |
D.Focusing on the interaction between people. |
A.To show it is better to use driverless cars. |
B.To prove new technology will bring dangers. |
C.To advise people to stop traveling in the new way. |
D.To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of new technology. |
A.Objective. | B.Negative. | C.Positive. | D.Doubtful. |
【推荐2】Alina Morse is just 14 years old and is the founder of Zollipops, a business founded in 2014. It has produced S2 million worth of lollipops (棒棒糖) which are actually good for your teeth.
The idea for the lollipops, her company’s first product, came to Alina back in 2012, when she was just 7 years old. It all started when she went to a bank with her dad Tom and a teller offered her lollipops. Though she really wanted to accept, she remembered how her parents bad told her that sugar was terrible for her teeth. So she asked her dad, “Why don’t we make a healthy lollipop that’s good for my teeth so I can have candy, and it won’t be bad for me?”
Two years of online research, at least a hundred attempts at making lollipops in their home oven and many plant tests later where they tested their creations on commercial (商业的) production equipment Alina and her father got their first meeting, and finally their first retail (零售) placement, with Whole Foods Market. “They loved our product, and they loved the idea,” Alina says. The sugar-free candies reduce the risk of tooth decay (蛀牙).
Soon after landing in Whole Foods Market, Zollipops began shipping on Amazon, which makes up around a quarter of the company’s yearly sales.
By 2015, at age 10, Alina was on “The Steve Harvey Show”, telling the host, “I hope every kid in America has a clean mouth, a healthy smile and a Zollipop in their hands.” The next year, she landed Kroger. “We were on the bottom shelf, but it was still really exciting because Kroger is the biggest food shop. And recently, we were brought up to the second-to-last shelf,” she says with a laugh.
“Alina hasn’t had 5 or 10 jobs where you have to follow this rule or that rule or do things in a certain way,” says her mother Sue. Tom agrees. Having worked for major brands, he sees the way his daughter benefits from inexperience. “Kids ask really good questions,” he says. “They don’t have the same kind of baggage adults do, so they don’t need limitations.”
1. Why did Alina find Zollipops?A.To lower lollipops price. |
B.To make tooth-friendly candies. |
C.To help the elders live on healthy food. |
D.To do online research on sugar-free products. |
A.She lost her father’s support. |
B.She found it easy to sell her products. |
C.She made great efforts to do business. |
D.She risked her health to test the equipment |
A.They win huge popularity. |
B.They sold poorly in Kroger. |
C.They are expected to be sold online. |
D.They failed to help her earn big money. |
A.She is experienced and strict. |
B.She is free and open-minded. |
C.She is easy-going and independent. |
D.She is imaginative and self-controlled. |
【推荐3】Soil is one of the most important materials of daily life. It’s necessary for growing the food and resources we depend on, protecting against drought (干旱) and flooding and storing carbon dioxide for years to come. But the dirt under our feet is constantly in danger because of rising temperatures and loss of biodiversity caused by climate change. Although we may think soil is simple, it’s pretty hard to know what’s really going on deep in the ground from the surface.
Scientists in Italy, however, think they may have a robotic solution—a seed-inspired (受种子启发的) robot. Scientists at the Bioinspired Soft Robotics (BSR) Lab have developed the first 4D-printed seed-inspired soft robot, which can act as sensors for monitoring pollutants, CO2 levels, temperature and humidity (湿度) in soil.
They were inspired by a South African geranium (a garden plant). The seeds of the plant have the ability to change shape in response to how humid their environment is. When the time comes for the seeds to leave the plant, they can separate themselves from the plant and move independently to find their way through soil. The curly seeds can find a home for themselves simply by becoming bigger or smaller depending on the water content in the air. The team imitated the seeds and developed robots that use materials that also change shape when exposed (暴露) to humidity.
When tested in a soil sample, the robot was able to rock from side to side, adapt its shape to the space, and get into holes in the ground like a natural seed. Not to mention, it was capable of lifting things about 100 times its own weight. First author Luca Cecchini said that the robot is easy to break down and causes no harm to the soil. It could be used as a wireless, battery-free tool for surface soil exploration and monitoring.
1. What can be learned about soil from paragraph 1?A.It is at risk. | B.It can be easily polluted. |
C.It is seldom studied by scientists. | D.It is partly responsible for climate problems. |
A.To deal with climate change. | B.To improve farming efficiency. |
C.To monitor the condition of soil. | D.To test the 4D-printing technology. |
A.Controlling the soil temperature. | B.Changing the shape of plant seeds. |
C.Carrying the seeds to the right place. | D.Adapting to humidity changes in soil. |
A.It is highly affordable. | B.It is environment-friendly. |
C.It doesn’t perform well in the field. | D.It works well under extreme conditions. |
【推荐1】FREMONT, Calif. —Among a large group of people who are starting Silicon Valley companies and websites, it’s hard to find one more inspiring than 17-year-old Suraya Shivji.
After teaching herself to program iPhone gaming apps (应用软件) and getting them posted on Apple’s App Store, the Fremont teen is using them — along with a crowd-funding campaign (大众筹资活动) she began this year on her website, Rizikitoto — to raise money for African orphans (孤儿).
So far, Rizikitoto has helped Suraya raise about 1,300 dollars for the children, with money from each app given to a particular child. Suraya talked about her plans in an interview.
Q: What caused you to want to help these children?
A: I went to Africa a couple of years ago, and my sister and I volunteered at an orphanage in Uganda. Most of the children I worked with were 10 and 11. The orphans were really talented and really bright. I just saw the need. I liked the idea that anyone like me could help.
Q: What made you think of using your gaming apps?
A: I taught myself how to program a few years ago. The apps are great. But I didn’t want them to just sit on the App Store as stupid games. And then I thought of connecting each one to a kid at the orphanage I worked at. So that’s how it started.
Q: Do you make money by having people pay to download them?
A: A couple of them must be paid for but the rest are free with advertisements. The first ones were free, because I wanted to get things rolling. But I’m pretty sure from now on I’ll have all of them paid for, because it’s the best way to grow successfully.
Q: How do you see Rizikitoto developing?
A: I can see it being pretty big. I want other kids to program apps for the company, so it won’t be just myself. I’m trying to reach out to other groups, too. And I’d like to work on more projects like this.
1. What’s the best title for the text?A.Give Kids a Hand | B.Make Money from Apps |
C.Apps for African Orphans | D.A Special African Teenage Girl |
A.because of her trip to Uganda | B.under the influence of her sister |
C.together with other volunteers in Africa | D.after she saw the hardship at an orphanage |
A.make an early start | B.make an experiment |
C.make things begin smoothly | D.make things easy and simple |
A.Worrying. | B.Uncertain. | C.Challenging. | D.Bright. |
【推荐2】Becoming famous is the dream of many, and Tian is getting closer to that dream.
Tian, 30, is a white-collar worker in Beijing. On short video application Douyin, Tian has more than 2,000 fans. So far, she has received more than 50,000 likes on the Dubsmash-like app. On her page on Douyin, Tian shares everything, from her son’s daily activities, to her pet dogs, to little skits (段子) made up by her and her husband. “Making funny videos, and combining them with music is really interesting,” Tian said. “Of course, I make the videos for fun because it is quite relaxing.”
China’s short video market has seen great growth, according to a report. The report said that China’s short video market was valued at 5.73 billion yuan ($900 million) in 2017, an increase of 184 percent. The industry value is expected to go up to the 30 billion mark in 2020. Companies like Tencent, Sohu and Iqiyi have all started providing short video content.
“Short videos are popular because they are an addition to traditional audio and video content on the internet,” said Sun Jiashan with the Chinese National Academy of Arts.
Fans say that the short videos help them “chill out” from a stressed-out lifestyle. “My favorite videos are all about pets,” said Zhou Na, a nurse in Hefei, capital of East China’s Anhui province. “After a whole day’s work, watching the 15-second videos makes me laugh, which reduces my pressure.”
1. Why does Tian make short videos in Douyin?A.To get fun. | B.To become a well-known person. |
C.To attract fans. | D.To record her family’s routine. |
A.They have huge value. |
B.They greatly reduce people’s pressure. |
C.They make people’s star dreams come true. |
D.They enrich internet audio and video content. |
A.Catch a cold. | B.Feel cold. |
C.Calm down. | D.Become concerned. |
A.Every Chinese is using Douyin. |
B.China’s short video market is open. |
C.Douyin brings the Chinese great happiness. |
D.China’s short video market has developed rapidly. |
【推荐3】Alex Spektor was nervous. He was in Poland near the Ukrainian(乌克兰的)border to meet his twin sons, Lenny and Moishe, for the first time. The boys were just 10 days old, born prematurely. Because of the war, his under-sized babies required oxygen and constant monitoring. Spektor had no clue how he would get them home to Chicago safely.
Then he heard about Bryan Stern. The navy veteran(退伍军人)ran the non-profit Project Dynamo, which sent all unpaid volunteers like Stern into war zones to rescue Americans and allies trying to flee. When Spektor reached out to him, Stern recognized just how serious the situation was for Lenny and Moishe. Saving the twins would require more than a fast car. The precious “cargo”(货物)had to be monitored and watched continuously by medical staff. Stern would follow in his car to navigate the various checkpoints and live fire.
Then there was an added wrinkle: baby Sophie, another baby who needed to be rescued. Born two days after the boys, she was even more fragile than the twins. This was quickly becoming the most difficult rescue Project Dynamo had faced.
Saving Lenny, Moishe, and Sophie was proving tougher. They found themselves under fire as soon as they left for the border. At the Polish border, Spektor waited with his phone, anxious for updates. Around 11 p. m., more than 13 hours after they left the hospital in Kyiv, Stern texted Spektor: “We’re at the border”. A few hours later, Lenny and Moishe were in their father’s arms. Soon, all three babies were resting in a Polish hospital. Stern, who served in multiple war tours and was awarded a Purple Heart, told Today: “It was by far one of the most stressful things I’ve ever done.”
1. Why was Alex Spektor nervous?A.The war in Ukraine was fierce. |
B.He couldn’t get home to Chicago safely. |
C.He couldn’t attend to his two twin sons himself. |
D.His two twin sons were too young to survive in the war. |
A.Passing various checkpoints. | B.Rescuing another fragile baby. |
C.Transporting the twins in live fire. | D.Monitoring the newly-born continuously. |
A.The three babies narrowly escaped. |
B.The rescue team was prevented on the border. |
C.All three babies were operated in a Polish hospital. |
D.Stern was awarded for saving the three babies himself. |
A.Ambitious and successful. | B.Generous and cautious. |
C.Selfless and courageous. | D.Influential and inspiring. |