On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid (小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future.
Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission.
Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary (行星的) defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.”
Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic (灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.
The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIA Cube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIA Cube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected (弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.
1. What is the purpose of the DART mission?A.To destroy Dimorphos completely. | B.To change the orbit of Dimorphos. |
C.To track potentially dangerous asteroids. | D.To stop Dimorphos from hitting the Earth. |
A.To prove the significance of DART’s success. |
B.To present the cause of the largest extinction event in history. |
C.To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters. |
D.To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes. |
A.Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface. |
B.Increasing the force of crashing the DART. |
C.Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft. |
D.Keeping track of the crash test with some photos. |
A.Bark up the wrong tree. | B.Rob Peter to pay Paul. |
C.Prepare for a rainy day. | D.Better late than never. |
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【推荐1】Every year from March to October,Christian Moullec, also known as “Birdman”,takes to the skies aboard his adapted light aircraft. However, the 58-year-old Frenchman’s daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views,but to guide flocks (鸟群) of lesser white-fronted geese (小白额雁) through safe migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.
His deed began in 1995 when he noticed their declining population in the wilds of Lapland, Sweden. To prevent their numbers from dropping further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird.
To help raise funds and awareness of his job to protect not just the geese but birds worldwide, Moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30-minute-long flights aboard his aircraft. In addition to the trained birds flying alongside them, visitors, who come from as far as a 15-hour plane flight away, are treated to a variety of crane and geese species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities.
He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe. Moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild European birds, with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years. “It s a disaster,”he said. “My beautiful images with flying birds should be used to tell this story.”
1. What’s the function (功能) of Paragraph 1?A.It gives a description of a birdman. |
B.It tells readers the birdman is very important. |
C.It tells readers birds are on the migration paths. |
D.It introduces the main idea of the whole passage. |
A.He needs to threaten the species. |
B.He wants to save the bird population. |
C.He needs to stay away from hunters. |
D.He wants to enjoy the beautiful views. |
A.He attracts grown geese to follow his craft. |
B.He drives the geese when he is on his light aircraft. |
C.He raises young geese to be viewed as their parents. |
D.He feeds the geese to put them on the right paths. |
A.Raising funds and awareness of protecting birds. |
B.Inviting people to enjoy the beautiful views. |
C.Paying tourists to join him on the flight. |
D.Taking tourists to his flight. |
【推荐2】Do you like travelling to other places, cities and countries? Many people do. Tourism is a huge industry —— it’s as large as or larger than the oil, food and car industries. It creates so many jobs that one in every ten people in the world works in tourism.
However, for many people and places, tourism is not a completely positive thing. Some places receive millions of tourists a year, which leads to problems for local people. When tour buses block roads, it’s hard for local people to get to work or school. Often, international companies open up, and small shops and restaurants close down. Another problem is accommodation — in Barcelona and New York, for example, many flats and houses are used as tourist accommodation, so homes for local people have become expensive and hard to find.
Tourism can have an effect on the environment as well. Natural areas are ruined to make space to build hotels and tourist facilities, and building them consumes a lot of energy and resources. Historic buildings are damaged, such as those in Venice by large cruise ships (游轮) entering the city. These ships also do ham to animal and plant life. More tourism means more crowds, noise, rubbish and pollution.
Some governments have already taken actions. In Barcelona and New York, there are now limits on short-term rental accommodation. The number of cruise ships entering Venice is limited now too. Importantly, individual tourists can help by choosing better ways of visiting places. For example, if tourists visit Venice on a cruise ship but they sleep and eat all their meals on the ship, does the local community in Venice really benefit from their visit? If not, it could be better to choose a different form of tourism, one that benefits the city and local people more.
Despite some problems, if we can make tourism more sustainable (可持续的), everyone can benefit from it, and people can continue to enjoy visiting these places in the future.
1. Why is it hard for New Yorkers to buy cheap houses?A.Because tourists buy local flats and houses. |
B.Because many houses are needed for travelers. |
C.Because the government provide little land to build houses. |
D.Because the houses international companies sell are expensive. |
A.To stress plants and animals die from them. |
B.To show tourism wastes energy and resources. |
C.To explain why tourism is not environmentally friendly. |
D.To suggest the necessity of preventing the development of tourism. |
A.The cruise ship is not a good choice for tourists. |
B.Tourism should be developed in a sustainable way. |
C.Local community in Venice shows no interest in tourism. |
D.Governments have done extremely well in developing tourism. |
A.Unclear. | B.Disapproving. | C.Doubtful. | D.Positive. |
【推荐3】As newer, more advanced technologies come out, huge amounts of electronics (电子产品) are thrown away, instead of being reused. These goods often end up in landfills, where the chemicals inside them may be a danger to the environment. Electronics can contain harmful materials. If these materials get into the ground or water, the pollution can cause serious problems. Most electronics require metals. These metals must be mined from the Earth. Often the mining process creates serious pollution.
A group known as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Forum is trying to make people more aware of the problems of e-waste. Recently, the WEEE Forum asked researchers from the United Nations (UN) to study a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t consider the goods to be electronics. The WEEE Forum calls this kind “unable-to-be-seen” e-waste.
The UN study shows that about 1/6 of all e-waste is “unable-to-be-seen”. Though it’s “unable-to-be-seen”, it’s certainly not a small amount. The “unable-to-be-seen” e-waste weighs about 9 billion kilograms. The WEEE Forum says that if this e-waste were put into 40-ton trucks and the trucks were then lined up, the line of trucks would be about 5,630 kilometers long.
The surprising kind leading the “unable-to-be-seen” e-waste group was toys. Worldwide, roughly 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year. These include goods like car racing sets, electric trains, and musical toys. They also include toys with electronic parts, like dolls that speak or games with electronic timers. In all, toys make up about 35% of “unable-to-be-seen” e-waste. But the problem is far larger than just toys. The report also shows that other everyday goods like home alarms, smoke alarms, power tools, and computer cables (电缆) are also big sources of “unable-to-be-seen” e-waste.
The WEEE Forum is hoping that as more people and governments become aware of e-waste, they will make a much greater effort to make sure electronics get reused.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The amount of electronics. | B.The development of electronics. |
C.The ways of reusing electronics. | D.The pollution of electronics. |
A.People’s interest in electronics’ character. |
B.People’s impression on electronics’ package. |
C.People’s misunderstanding of electronics. |
D.People’s struggle to adapt to electronics. |
A.By showing numbers. | B.By providing examples. |
C.By making a summary. | D.By making a comparison, |
A.Designing advanced electronics. | B.Making electronics get reused. |
C.Stopping giving away electronics. | D.Reducing electronics’ production. |
【推荐1】A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.
The state-run Xinhua news agency recently reported that the robot launched on the government's Long March 6 rocket along with several satellites. The robot will also investigate deep space to observe small objects in the universe. The 30-kilogram robot, called NEO-01, was developed by Origin Space. Founded in 2019 and based in the southern Chinese tech hub Shenzhen, Origin Space has been dedicated to exploring and using space resources, according to the company. The company says the robot will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids (小行星).
The world's first asteroid mining company, Planetary Resources, was established in 2009. Since then, more than 12 businesses around the world have entered the industry, including 3D Systems of the United States and Japan's Astroscale. Astroscale's technology uses magnets (磁铁) to gather up space waste. But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then burn it. Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide. As they are used for too long, many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk.
Su Meng is the founder of Origin Space. He said the company plans to launch many space telescopes and more spacecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045. Su added that NEO-01 will serve as a prototype (雏形) of future space mining robots, which can use rich mineral resources on asteroids to support the development of the space industry.
The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collect materials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids. The country aims to follow Russia and the United States in becoming a major space power by 2030.
1. What can we know about NEO-01?A.It weighs 60 kilograms. |
B.It was created by Planetary Resources. |
C.It will be burnt after accomplishing its mission. |
D.It is mainly used to catch space waste. |
A.To collect materials. |
B.To build a defense system. |
C.To catch up with Russia and America. |
D.To support the development of the space industry. |
A.China will be the most powerful in space by 2030 |
B.Origin Space will open more mines on asteroids |
C.it is those useless satellites that make space waste |
D.the robot will look into deep space for more waste |
A.NEO-01, a smart robot used in space. |
B.A Chinese robot can catch space waste. |
C.A new robot makes China a space power. |
D.NEO-01, the pioneer of future space robots. |
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization(文明) has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions(物质财产). Knowledge or techniques have been gained through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive(适应的) ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
1. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?
A.To express his doubts. |
B.To compare different ideas. |
C.To introduce points for discussion. |
D.To describe the conditions on Earth. |
A.Humans are nature-born to do so. |
B.Humans have the tendency to fight. |
C.Humans may find new sources of food. |
D.Humans don't like to stay in the same place. |
A.survival chances | B.potential resources |
C.unexpected benefits | D.physical possessions |
A.Our genetic makeup. | B.Resources on the earth. |
C.The adaptive ability of humans. | D.By-products in space exploration. |
A.Space exploration has created many wonders. |
B.Space exploration provided the best value for money. |
C.Space exploration can benefit science and technology. |
D.The Exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. |
The Chinese Shenzhou-13 spacecraft and its crew of three taikonauts ended their six-month mission with a return to Earth on Saturday, 16 April after completing the first long-duration stay aboard the Chinese Space Station.
The astronauts performed two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different science experiments and delivered two live educational lectures in space, the report said. Leading China’s most recent human spaceflight was Zhai Zhigang, a major general in the People’s Liberation Army and an experienced taikonaut, having joined the Chinese human spaceflight program in 1998 and becoming the first Chinese person to conduct a spacewalk during the Shenzhou-7 mission in September 2008.
Female taikonaut and People’s Liberation Army Air Force colonel Wang Yaping also has experience within the Shenzhou program. She became the second Chinese woman to fly to space when she flew on Shenzhou-10 in June 2013, and now holds the distinction of being the first Chinese woman ever to conduct a spacewalk.
Ye Guangfu, a PLAAF pilot, was the only Shenzhou-13 crew member who was a first-time flier. He was selected to join the taikonaut corps (兵团) alongside Wang Yaping in 2010, serving as a backup crew member for the Shenzhou-12 mission that launched in June 2021.
The mission marks that China has completed the verification (验证) of key technologies of its space station, and also sets a record for Chinese astronauts’ duration in orbit, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
Calling the success of the astronauts a major win for China’s space exploration program, Cavince Adhere, a Kenya-based international relations scholar, pointed out that as a major developing country, China’s stride in space science is an inspiration to the developing country.
By building its own space station, China will expand its scientific reach, Adhere said, adding that China’s space exploration program is also open to other developing countries. For example, Beijing is working with African countries across a range of space exploration themes, the scholar noted. “Such exchange programs have significantly boosted capacity for space development programs on the continent.”
Saying the mission is “definitely a success,” Brad Tucker, an astrophysicist and cosmologist at the Australian National University, told Xinhua that it is “important to move forward with a long-term space station and full operation.”
This mission has shown that China’s astronauts “are capable of long-term space flight, which makes Earth’s future goals and plans for the Moon and beyond exciting,” Tucker said.
1. What do we know about the three astronauts?A.They have all participated in the previous Shenzhou spacecraft project, and flown into space. |
B.Wang Yaping is the second Chinese woman to fly to space and conduct a spacewalk. |
C.Zhai zhigang is the first Chinese person to conduct a spacewalk. |
D.These astronauts set a record for Chinese astronauts in orbit for more than 6 months. |
A.to set up a space station. | B.to explore new settlement for human. |
C.to study how the astronauts live in space. | D.to test some key technologies of China’s space station. |
A.meaningful | B.cautious | C.ambiguous | D.critical |
A.China has Launched another Spacecraft Shenzhou-13 |
B.Shenzhou-13 Mission ends with Safe Return of Chinese |
C.Human Take a Big Step in Exploring Moon |
D.The three great astronauts of Shenzhou-13 |