We use our middle names when filling out official papers, and when we write our initials (姓名的首字母) on something. But except that, we don’t use them every day. So why do we even have middle names in the first place?
Some people might answer, “It’s so my mom has three names to shout at me, so I know I’m in trouble.”
But there is history behind it, and it dates back to ancient Rome. At that time, people had three names, a personal name, a family name, and another name which showed what branch of family you were from. The more names you had, the more respected you were by others.
This tradition of names spread over to Western cultures in the 1700s.Aristocrats (贵族) would give their children long names to show their high place in society. Spanish and some other cultures would give their children names from their parents’ previous generations to be able to keep track of the child’s family tree.
But the way we use middle names today started in the Middle Ages when Europeans named their children with the given name first, baptismal (洗礼的) name second, and family name third. The tradition was spread to America as people started to go overseas.
Today, some people don’t even have middle names, some prefer to be called by their middle name, and some never even use theirs. But, just feel lucky that we don’t need to keep track of our family tree like some aristocrats used to and end up with 38 names.
1. When would we use middle names?A.When calling our friends. |
B.When writing to our parents. |
C.When filling out official papers. |
A.Proud. | B.Angry. | C.Happy. |
A.To show their high place in society. |
B.To show their respect for others. |
C.To show their good memory. |
A.It’s Cool to Have 38 Names |
B.We Don’t Need Family Names |
C.Why Do We Have Middle Names? |
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【推荐1】When I was having a cold, my Chinese friends suggested “drink more hot water.” When I was exhausted, my mum said “drink more hot water.”
In the 1930s the government launched a civic movement that encouraged people to drink boiled water to prevent the spread of diseases like dysentery. In 1949, the Communist government launched a public health campaign across the country. Posters hung in schools said “Children should cultivate the habit of drinking boiled water three times a day.
If you travel in China, you will see every office, train station, theatre, and restaurant has hot water dispenser. If you have a formal meeting with professionals in China, the first thing they offer you will be hot water or tea. Hot water has been an important part of Chinese people’s lives and culture.
A.Hot water is very popular in China. |
B.Hot water seems to be a cure-all in China. |
C.It did improve the public health successfully. |
D.Why are Chinese people keen on Hot Water? |
E.Chinese people have formed the habit of drinking cold water. |
F.But the only rich in ancient China could access to heating water. |
G.So don’t panic if a Chinese person offers you hot water in summer. |
【推荐2】Jenny was a bright-eyed, pretty five-year-old girl. One day when she and her mother were checking out at the grocery store, Jenny saw a plastic pearl necklace priced at $2.50. How she wanted that necklace! When she asked her mother if she would buy it for her, her mother said," Well, it is a pretty necklace, but it costs an awful lot of money. I'll tell you what. I'll buy you the necklace, and when we get home we can make up a list of housework that you can do to pay for the necklace. And don't forget that for your birthday, Grandma just might give you a whole dollar bill, too. Okay?" Jenny agreed, and her mother bought the pearl necklace for her.
Jenny worked on her housework very hard every day, and sure enough, her grandma gave her a brand-new dollar bill for her birthday. Soon Jenny had paid off the pearls. How Jenny loved those pearls. She wore them everywhere to kindergarten, bed and when she went out with her mother to run errands(跑腿).The only time she didn't wear them was in the shower. Her mother had told her that they would turn her neck green!
Jenny had a very loving daddy. When Jenny went to bed, he would get up from his favorite chair every night and read Jenny her favorite story.
One night when he finished the story, he said," Jenny, do you love me?"
"Oh yes, Daddy, you know I love you," the little girl said.
"Well, then, give me your pearls."
"Oh! Daddy, not my pearls!" Jenny said. "But you can have Rosy, my favorite doll. Remember her? You gave her to me last year for my birthday. And you can have her tea party outfit, too. Okay?"
"Oh no, darling, that's okay." Her father brushed her cheek with a kiss. "Good night, little one."
A week later, her father once again asked Jenny after her story, and Jenny gave the same reply.
Several days later, when Jenny's father came in to read her a story, Jenny was sitting on her bed and her lip was trembling. "Here, Daddy," she said, and held out her hand. She opened it and her beloved pearl necklace was inside. She let it slip into her father's hand.
With one hand her father held the plastic pearls and the other he pulled out of his pocket a blue box. Inside of the box were real, genuine, beautiful pearls. He had had them all along. He was waiting for Jenny to give up the cheap stuff so that he could give her the real thing.
1. Why did the mother tell Jenny the plastic pearl necklace "cost an awful lot of money"?A.She was discouraging Jenny from buying it. |
B.She was telling Jenny to ask her grandma for help. |
C.She was reminding Jenny of its true value. |
D.She was encouraging Jenny to get it by her hard work. |
A.She promised to work on the housework hard. |
B.She was lucky to have her birthday coming near. |
C.She went out with her mother to run errands. |
D.She got supported from her grandma with a dollar bill. |
A.She was disappointed that her father always asked for her necklace. |
B.She was struggling in her mind about the decision to make. |
C.She was pleased to give the necklace to her father. |
D.She was unwilling to exchange her necklace for the real one. |
A.Her father's request. | B.Her father's tolerance. |
C.Her father's real necklace. | D.Her father's love. |
【推荐3】More and more people come to realize that negative self-talk and negative energy can affect you in many ways and cause you additional stress. Because of this, developing more positive self-talk is an important way to reduce stress in your life. You can help yourself maintain a positive frame of mind, which will help with positive self-talk by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life. You can get that by adding some elements to your life.
Listening to music that not only has a pleasant melody, but an uplifting message, can be great for developing positive self-talk. Have you ever had a song "stuck in your head" for a few hours or days, the lyrics repeating themselves in your mind? If those lyrics were positive and inspirational, that would be a good thing. It’s a much better mental soundtrack to have than a running stream of complaints, criticisms of self-limiting thoughts, or even songs that had more depressing or sad lyrics.
Books on strength, personal power, enlightenment, or self-help can be good resources to help you change your outlook and the things you say to yourself. Rather than bringing habitual self-defeating thoughts, you can find yourself thinking of new can-do concepts when times get tough.
One of the most important ways you can get and keep positive energy in your life is with the company you keep. Do your friends uplift you, or bring you down? Are they critical, or approving? Ideal friendships provide support when you’re down, fun when you’re up, wisdom when you’re lost. Good friends can inspire you to reach greater heights, and see your strengths even when you don’t always. Pay attention to how your friends make you feel, and if they’re less than supportive, start putting your energy and time toward people who are better suited to be your friends.
In addition, positive affirmations (肯定) can certainly change your self-talk from negative to positive. Now, why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways?
1. How many ways does the author suggest to maintain a positive frame of mind?A.Three. | B.Four. |
C.Five. | D.Six. |
A.be developing positive self-talk |
B.regard the lyrics of a song as positive |
C.keep thinking of this thing all the time |
D.keep singing the same song for a long time |
A.uplift you or bring you down |
B.are supportive when you are strong |
C.provide fun when you’re depressed |
D.encourage you to do things better |
A.Some great ways of making great friends. |
B.How negative self-talk influences a person. |
C.Some creative ways of practicing affirmation. |
D.How positive self-talk reduces stress in one’s life. |
【推荐1】The Philipsburg Opera House Theatre is excited to once again open live theatre to the public. The local talent is directed by the experienced Cassandra Hopkins as they perform a number of comedies ranging from the 1870s to the present. Come, laugh and smile with us as we celebrate the re-opening of civilization. Visit Philipsburg for a few days and see multiple shows in the historic opera house built in the 1800s, and explore the town for a memorable weekend!
One EI of a Town: Written by locals Tom Mullen and Steve Immenschuh about their dear town, Philipsburg, this comedy displays both the hardship of life and the love of a growing community through the decades. Features live music written by Cassandra Hopkins. Runs every Monday and Wednesday from November 8th to November 24th, 2021.
See How They Run: A classic mix-up British comedy full of confusion for the characters and funny delight for the audience. Be sure to come and ready to laugh! Runs every Friday from November 5th to November 12th, 2021.
Pirates of Penzance: As a Gilbert and Sullivan original, and starring trained professional singers, this excellent performance includes well-loved favorites from Poor Wandering One to Modern Major General, and many more! Runs every Saturday and Thursday from November 20th to December 16th, 2021.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: The children of Philipsburg are excited to open to the public The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, based on the classic book by Mark Twain. Don’t miss the dramatic tricks of Tom and Huck and the mystery they are led into. Runs on December 4th and 19th, 2021.
Seats are on a “first come first served” basis. Come early!
1. Who writes live music for One EI of a Town?
A.Tom Mullen. | B.Steve Immenschuh. |
C.Cassandra Hopkins. | D.Mark Twain. |
A.On Thursday, November 18th. | B.On Friday, December 17th. |
C.On Wednesday, December 8th. | D.On Saturday, November 27th. |
A.They are all comedies. |
B.They are based on classic books. |
C.They are directed by Gilbert and Sullivan. |
D.They are performed in a modern opera house. |
【推荐2】Can people who understand the emotions of others better interpret emotions conveyed through music? A new study by an international team of researchers suggests the abilities are linked.
The study’s results provide a foundation for future research that could test the impact of socially engaged music listening on social cognitive ability, and whether listening to music can be added to therapeutic (治疗的) techniques used in social skills training for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (孤独症谱系障碍).
The findings were published recently in a scientific journal of the American Psychological Association. The study was led by Benjamin A. Tabak, assistant professor of psychology. “Empathy (共情) is most often thought of in the context of social interactions, but there are many other forms of social communication, including music,” Tabak said. “Music can convey meaning and emotion and also bring emotional responses, but what is responsible for its emotional power is poorly understood.”
Tabak and his colleagues wanted to test their theory about empathy and music. For the purposes of this study, they measured the ability to correctly understand others’ thoughts and feelings — empathic accuracy — and the extent to which one feels the emotions that another feels.
“We thought it would be interesting to study whether people who more accurately under-stand others’ thoughts and feelings might also be more accurate in understanding what musicians are intending to convey through music,” Tabak said. “Similarly, we wanted to know whether people who tend to feel the emotions that others are experiencing also tend to feel the emotions conveyed through music.”
The initial set of findings found support for both hypotheses. In particular, the results suggest that empathic accuracy as a skill extends beyond interpersonal interactions into music. Tabak believes that the study provides tentative support for the theory that music is first and foremost a social behavior that gradually develops to help individuals connect with others and better understand and manage their social environment.
1. What can the study result be used to do?A.Be the basis for the next study. | B.Apply music to social skills training. |
C.Decide the music suitable for autism. | D.Test the impact of music on emotions. |
A.The effect of music. | B.The academic support. |
C.The function of music. | D.The emotions music expresses. |
A.Ignorant. | B.Doubtful. | C.Confident. | D.Pessimistic. |
A.The Social Behavior Music Reflects |
B.The Ability To Accurately Understand Empathy |
C.Research Will Set Foundation For Further Research |
D.Research Shows The Role Empathy May Play In Music |
【推荐3】While children are dogs-loyal and affectionate(情深的)-teenagers are cats. It's so easy to be a dog owner. You feed it, train it, and boss it around. It puts its head on your knee and gazes at you as if you were a Rembrandt painting. It bounds indoors with enthusiasm when you call it.
Then around age 13, your adoring little puppy turns into a big old cat. When you tell it to come inside, it looks amazed,as if wondering who is so boring. Instead of dogging your doorsteps, it disappears. You won't see it again until it gets hungry-then it hunts through the kitchen long enough to turn its nose up at whatever you're serving. When you reach out to touch its head, in that old affectionate gesture, it turns away from you, then gives you an indifferent(冷漠的) stare, as if trying to remember where it has seen you before.
Since you are the one who raised it, taught it to fetch and stay and sit on command, you assume that you did something wrong. Filled with guilt and fear, you redouble your efforts to make your pet behave.
Only now you're dealing with a cat, so everything that worked before now produces the opposite of the desired result. Call it, and it runs away. Tell it to sit, and it jumps on the counter. The more you go toward it, waving your hands, the more it moves away.
Put a dish of food near the door, and let it come to you. But remember that a cat needs your help and your affection too. Sit still, and it will come, seeking that warm, comforting lap it has not entirely forgotten. Be there to open the door for it.
One day your grown-up child will walk into the kitchen, give you a big kiss and say, "You've been on your feet all day. Let me get those dishes for you. "
Then you will realize your cat is a dog again.
1. When you call a dog, how will it probably react to you?A.Excitedly | B.Indifferently |
C.Angrily | D.Calmly |
A.A dog | B.A parent |
C.A situation | D.A teenager |
A.Children like cats can easily follow parents' directions. |
B.Parents should try their best to leave their children alone. |
C.You can't expect children to be considerate toward their parents. |
D.Parents should consider what they do wrong to educate their kids. |
A.To tell us how a dog changes into a cat. |
B.To tell us how to deal with teenagers aged 13 or so. |
C.To tell us the similarities between pets and children. |
D.To tell us how to raise pets like cats and dogs. |