It was about 11:15 pm on the passenger ship California. The night was freezing cold and the water was filled with ice from the North Pole, making it difficult for the ship to sail on.
In the radio room, ship California’ operator Cyril Evans listened to the radio-talk between a nearby passenger ship and the telegraph station on the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Evans interrupted it and said, “We’re stopped and surrounded by ice. Be careful as you pass through these waters.” The radio operator on the nearby ship replied, “I’m too busy to talk now. I have many messages to send to the telegraph station.” Twenty minutes later, as he turned off his radio and went to bed, Evans could still hear the ship sending its passengers’ telegrams.
Earlier in the evening the California’s captain, Stanley Lord, had seen another ship approaching. It looked about the size of his own, but attempts to contact the ship failed. It lay dark and mysterious about 10 miles away. At 12:40 am there appeared a sudden flash of light just over the mystery ship. Captain Lord, thinking the ship might need help, ordered his officers to signal the ship by lamp. There was no reply. Three more rockets then exploded, none appeared to go higber than halfway up the mast (桅杆) of the mystery ship. Then at about 2:00 am it turned and slipped into the darkness.
In the light of the dawn there was no mystery ship, but 20 miles away was the scene of a great disaster. Unfortunately, the mystery ship had stopped directly in front of the California, preventing people on board from seeing clearly. If this ship had not been there, Captain Lord would have recognized that the rockets were SOS rockets that came not from the mystery ship but from a more distant ship which the California could not see. If Cyril Evans had kept his radio on for just 30 minutes more he would have heard SOS signals coming from that distant ship he spoke with the night before. That ship was the Titanic which was sinking fast, leaving 1,500 of its passengers dead. It was April 14,1912.
1. From whose point of view is the story told?A.People on the Titanic. | B.People at telegraph station. |
C.People on Newfoundland. | D.People on the California. |
A.It describes how the Titanic sank. |
B.It shows how unlucky the Titanic was. |
C.It lists how many people died in the disaster. |
D.It indicates that the people on the California were careless. |
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.the rockets were fired from the mystery ship |
B.the Titanic sent out many telegrams that night |
C.the Titanic started sinking at dawn the next day |
D.Cyril Evans went to bed earlier than usual that night |
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【推荐1】The concept of planning entire communities before their construction is an ancient one. In fact, one of the earliest such cities on record is Miletus, Greece, which was built in the 4th century BC. Throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance various planned communities (both theoretical and actual) were conceived (构思). Leonardo da Vinci designed several cities that were never constructed. Following the Great Fire of London in 1666, the architect Christopher Wren created a new master plan for the city, combining park land and urban space. Several 18th century cities, including Washington D.C., New York City, and St Petersburg, Russia, were built according to comprehensive planning.
One of the most important planned city concepts, the Garden City Movement, arose in the latter part of the 19th century as a reaction to the pollution and crowding of the Industrial Revolution. In 1898, Ebenezer Howard published the book To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path for Real Reform in which he laid out his ideas concerning the creation of new economically sustainable towns. Howard believed that these towns should be limited in size and density, and surrounded with a belt of undeveloped land. The idea gained enough attention and financial backing to lead to the creation of Letchworth, in Hertfordshire, England. This was the first such 'Garden City'. After the First World War, the second town built following Howard's ideas, Welwvn Garden City, was constructed.
In the early 1920s, American architects Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, inspired by Howard's ideas and the success of Letchworth and Welwyn, created the city of Radbum, New Jersey. Conceived as a community which would be safe for children, Radbum was intentionally designed so that the residents would not require automobiles. Several urban planning designs were pioneered at Radbum that would influence later planned communities, including the separation of pedestrians and vehicles, and the use of 'superblocks', each of which shared 23 acres of commonly held parkland.
In America, following the stock market crash of 1929, there was great demand for both affordable housing and employment for workers who had lost their jobs. In direct response to this, in 1935 President Roosevelt created the Resettlement Administration, which brought about a total of three greenbelt towns: Greenbelt, Maryland; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greendale, Wisconsin. These towns contained many of the elements of the Garden City Movement developments, including the use of superblocks and a 'green belt' of undeveloped land surrounding the community.
1. The first paragraph talks mainly about ________.A.famous urban planners | B.the history of urban planning |
C.the future examples of urban planning | D.problem associated with urban planning |
A.It came just before the Industrial Revolution. |
B.It was held back by a war and a lack of funds. |
C.It resulted in cities that were larger than they had been before. |
D.It was designed to address problems caused by modernization. |
A.To reduce the danger for families living in the area. |
B.To create something totally different from cities elsewhere. |
C.To make sure people could park their cars close to their home. |
D.To increase green spaces by designing houses with gardens. |
A.Their residents were affected by the stock market collapse. |
B.They were built for the wealthiest people in America. |
C.They were each surrounded by natural parkland. |
D.They were all constructed in the same year. |
【推荐2】Everything has its root. “Holiday”, is no exception. The origin of “holiday” is easy to see, coming from “holy day”, a day of particular religious significance, often celebrating the life of a saint (圣徒), during which no work was to be done. As far back as the 11th century, “holidays”, especially the major feast days, were times of “celebration and amusement”, as the Oxford English Dictionary puts it.
The number of holidays steadily increased during the Middle Ages, until a medieval Englishman would have had the luxury of 40 to 50 days a year off work, depending on where he lived, in addition to a free day on Sundays.
During the Reformation, Henry VIII abolished most of the holidays partly because of the Protestant (新教徒的) suspicion of saints, but more practically, because, according to historian Eamon Duffy, “A large number of holidays were making the people poor by limiting agriculture.” The people took a different view and organized a protest march—the Pilgrimage of Grace—partly to protect their days off.
Though at first the religious and festive senses of holiday were combined, the word gradually came to be used for any kind of relaxing break from work. As the word was drawing away from a religious society, the number of authorized holidays was reduced, until by 1834 most workers had only four official days off a year, in addition to Sundays. Many factory workers amplified this time by staying home on “Saint Monday” to recover from what they had gotten up to the day before.
By the late 19th century, employers were compromising and offering half-day Saturdays, the beginning of the “weekend”, a term first used in 1879. In 1908, an innovative mill in New England gave its employees all of Saturday off, and the practice of their getting the whole Saturday off spread widely during the Great Depression as a way to keep employment up. It took 400 years, but finally workers could enjoy as many holidays as they had in the 15th century.
1. What was the word “holiday” originally intended for?A.Economy. | B.Entertainment. |
C.Religion. | D.Politics. |
A.His people required a thorough reformation. |
B.He didn’t believe in God and saints. |
C.People took no interest in the agriculture due to them. |
D.Large numbers of holidays stood in the way of the agriculture. |
A.lengthened | B.wasted |
C.shortened | D.guaranteed |
A.In 1879. | B.During the Great Depression. |
C.In 1908. | D.In the 15th century. |
【推荐3】The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago. Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and other things on buildings. Modern graffiti (涂鸦) seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names on buildings all over the city. In the mid seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in paintings known as masterpieces.
Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same time, John Lindsay, the then mayor (市长) of New York, declared (宣布) the first war on graffiti. By 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many of the graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings or cloth.
The debate over whether graffiti is art or vandalism (故意破坏公共财物罪) is still going on. Peter Vallone, New York city councilor (市议员), thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else’s buildings it becomes a crime. On the other hand, Felix, a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are getting cities for the public back from advertisers, and that graffiti stands for freedom and makes cities livelier.
For years graffiti has help a few people gain international fame. Jean-Michel Basquiat began writing graffiti on the street in the 1970s before becoming a famous artist in the 1980s. Works by the British artist Banksy have been sold for over £100,000. Graffiti is now sometimes big business.
1. What can be learned about graffiti in the 1970s?A.It went through a hard time. | B.It first reached New York. |
C.Modern graffiti first appeared. | D.Modern graffiti became really popular. |
A.Graffiti was considered illegal on subway trains. |
B.Graffiti disappeared from subway trains. |
C.New York looked a lot cleaner. |
D.Graffiti was accepted as an art form. |
A.Graffiti protects the streets from advertisements. |
B.Graffiti can be beautiful if it is done by a skilled artist. |
C.Graffiti is a crime if it is done without permission. |
D.Graffiti can be useful for cities if it expresses good messages. |
【推荐1】Kenya’s EliudKipchoge made history by running the 26.2 miles in less than two hours, faster than any other person in history. His time of 1:59:40 required him to maintain an average pace of about 4:35 per mile!
Upon crossing the finish line, Kipchoge, who spent four months training, said, “That was the best moment of my life. The pressure was very big on my shoulders. I got a phone call from the President of Kenya.”
The Prater Park course in Vienna, Austria, was carefully selected, taking into account factors like temperature and wind speed to ensure the perfect racing. His speed was maintained by 41 medium and long-distance runners. An electric car projected a green laser ahead of the runners to guide them along the best route. To save time, Kipchoge was fed pre-prepared drinks and energy on the course at 3.1-mile intervals.
The historic run was Kipchoge’s second attempt at breaking the two-hour marathon barrier. The Kenyan runner first tried to accomplish the feat on May 6, 2017, at Nike’s Breaking2 event, which took place on a Formula One racetrack in Monza, Italy. However, while Kipchoge’s 2:00:25 time was the fastest ever attained by a human, it was not under the desired two hours. However, the lack of acknowledgement does not bother Kipchoge.
Kipchoge was not the only Kenyan runner to make headlines that weekend. On Sunday, October 13, 2019, Brigid Kosgei made history of her own at the Chicago Marathon. Her time of 2:14:04, outpaced British runner Paula Radcliffe ‘s 16-year-old record by an impressive 81 seconds, earning Kosgei the title of the world’s fastest female marathoner!
1. Why did Kipchoge have bigger pressure?A.He intended to make history. |
B.The president of Kenya rang him. |
C.The coming marathon was fierce. |
D.His training was harder than ever. |
A.Tell us Kipchoge’s determination. |
B.Summarize Kipchoge’s contributions. |
C.Praise Kipchoge for his thoughtfulness. |
D.Show Kipchoge planned the marathon carefully. |
A.Concerned. | B.Astonished. | C.Upset. | D.Calm. |
A.Beat. | B.Equaled. | C.Stuck. | D.Set. |
【推荐2】My love for libraries blossomed when I joined the public library.
From the age of 8, I was allowed to walk from my home to the downtown library, housed above the police station.
Once the librarian (图书管理员) gave me my first membership card, I could enjoy a range of books, which started with Little House in the Big Woods.
I was addicted instantly, and this love of libraries and reading would change my life, allowing me to one day create a safe space for high-school kids, too.
By the time I was in high school, I could read the authors that we were studying in class, including Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Emily Bronte. During the summer months, I got caught up in Gone with the Wind and Anna Karenina.
When I studied English literature at university, I thought it was time to build my own library. For the next 40 years, I continued to collect books. Until one day, I realized that all my books had become a part of the house, like wallpaper.
Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher-librarian at my old high school, where I had first learned English literature. This position resumed (恢复) my love and appreciation for libraries. I never forgot how wonderful it was to be surrounded by books.
I had a generous budget (预算) for my classes, so I searched for novels that would interest my teenage audience and hopefully spark (激发) a love of books. Fantasy, science-fiction, graphic novels – I bought almost any type of book that my students wanted to read.
I bought sofas and comfortable chairs, turning the library into an inclusive (包容的) public space, safe for everyone.
In doing so, I realized that the library isn’t just a place to do research. They are, in fact, places that offer an opportunity to engage with the past, present and future. All that is required is a tiny bit of curiosity. Libraries are places that should be full of life. They help us adjust to the world, and their doors must be kept open to everyone – for free!
1. What can we learn about the author during her school time?A.She enjoyed literature very much. |
B.She didn’t have money to buy books. |
C.She didn’t get along well with her parents. |
D.She usually stayed home during the summer holidays. |
A.Gentle. | B.Devoted. | C.Humorous. | D.Independent. |
A.They are places mainly used for research. |
B.They help people to connect with the world. |
C.They should be profitable. |
D.They should be set up mainly in high schools. |
A.To tell readers how to make full use of libraries. |
B.To tell readers what she learned from books. |
C.To show her love for reading and libraries. |
D.To show how much she missed being a teacher. |
【推荐3】Why do only famous people have biographies (传记)? This is the question two young sisters, 7-year-old Aishvarya, and 11-year-old Vaishali, asked their parents. They were reading famous people’s biographies in school and realized that they knew more about Beyonce, a famous singer than about their own grandparents. So they decided to do something about it.
They created “Grand Stories”, a workbook that helps grandchildren learn about their grandparents. Through answering a list of guided questions and telling stories, Grand Stories helps families learn more about each other.
This family came from India to the US, and all four grandparents live very far away. Obviously through modern technology and some family visits, these young girls know their grandparents and love them very much—but they wonder why they don’t know more about their grandparents. For example, where did they grow up, and go to school? How they married and raised their families? What were their stories? Perhaps not surprisingly, many of the stories the family wanted to know reflect the “Do you know” questions that my workmate, Marshall Duke, and I developed to study how much people know of the family history.
The sisters’ father told about the visit to India when the girls asked their own grandparents to write their biography. Because of his character, the grandfather didn’t share much during the interview. But then he stayed up all nights writing his stories, and when the father looked through the stories, he realized there was so much he’d never known about his own father! Through these stories the father felt closer to his own family.
What these two young sisters have already discovered is how much we depend on knowing our family stories to understand who we are in the world and what our strength is. You can see more about Grand Stories at www. grandstories.bigcartel.com. Whether you’re 7 or 70, it’s never too early or too late to start sharing family stories.
1. What made the two girls decide to know their family stories?A.Telling stories at school. |
B.Reading biographies at school. |
C.Showing their love for a singer. |
D.Being asked to create a workbook. |
A.designed. | B.proved. | C.described. | D.imagined. |
A.Strict. | B.Impatient. | C.shy. | D.Careless. |
A.To prove the power of family storytelling. |
B.To introduce ways of telling interesting family stories. |
C.To tell people about the two girls’ family. |
D.To encourage people to know their family stories. |