You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work. | B.Her lack of proper training in law. |
C.Her efforts to win a prize. | D.Her community background. |
A.Her lack of proper training in law. | B.Her little work experience in court. |
C.The discrimination against women | D.The poor financial conditions. |
A.Jane Addams. | B.Rachel Carson. |
C.Sandra Day O’Connor. | D.Ross Parks. |
A.They are highly educated. | B.They are truly creative. |
C.They are pioneers. | D.They are peace-lovers. |
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【推荐1】Lac Rose in Senegal about 30 kilometers northeast of Dakar, is the highest salinity(盐度) lake in the world. Much higher salinity is what gives the lake its famous pink color that changes from a slightly rose pink in the rainy season into a super bright pink during the dry season when salinity is at its highest.
The high salt content draws the salt harvesters(收获者)to its banks . First, to protect their skin from the salt, they put a kind of natural vegetable fat on their bodies before entering the water. Using a wooden tool, they drag the salt into the basket made from reeds(a kind of plant).
There are three different kinds of salt. There’s a type of very powdery salt that is only gathered during the Harmattan when the western winds blow from the Sahara over West Africa every year. As the finest or highest grade of salt, the powdery salt is used mainly for cooking. The second type of salt is rougher and always present at the bottom of the lake. This type of salt is generally used for general cooking. Sometimes it is even used for building roads. The third type of salt is the roughest kind that people prefer for their beauty treatments. To harvest this type of salt, salt harvesters put some wood to the bottom of the lake and over time, big salt crystals(晶体)begin to form on them.
Lac Rose is considered as a world heritage site and the local(当地的)people are willing to share their beauty . The healthy, natural regulation(制度)of the use of the natural resources of this lake is one of the most impressive aspects of the community surrounding this lake. There are no laws needed to protect it. Everyone takes a little bit of what they need and nothing more. There is enough for everyone in the local community. It is a good example of the power of mutual respect and trust in local community.
1. What causes the change of the lake’s pink color?A.The temperature of the water. | B.The salinity of the lake. |
C.The height above sea level. | D.The height of the sun. |
A.They try to do no harm to the lake when working. |
B.They earn much money by collecting salt. |
C.They are unable to use modern technology. |
D.They suffer a skin problem because of their work. |
A.Poor. | B.Brave. | C.Responsible. | D.Humorous, |
A.History of Lac Rose | B.Salinity of Lac Rose |
C.Harvest from Lac Rose | D.People around Lac Rose |
【推荐2】Since Henry Ford turned it into a massmarket product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.
Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some carchoked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.
Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to holdups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.
Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their onboard sensors (传感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”, whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.
In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.
1. According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________.A.more time on the road |
B.a great waste of fuel |
C.even heavier traffic jams |
D.increased death and injuries |
A.Reducing traffic jams. |
B.Building smart motorways. |
C.Setting proper speed limits. |
D.Keeping steady traffic flows. |
A.Curious. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Supportive. | D.Disappointed. |
A.The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels |
B.The Future Traffic Management System |
C.The Benefits and Problems of Cars |
D.The Promising Future of Car Production |
【推荐3】A set of tusks (象牙) is usually an advantage for elephants, allowing them to dig for water, peel bark for food and defend themselves. But during episodes of intense ivory poaching, those big tusks may invite danger. Now researchers have figured out how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to a greater number of elephants that will never develop tusks.
During the conflict from 1977 to 1992, fighters on both sides killed elephants for ivory to finance war efforts. In the region, around 90% of the elephants were killed. The survivors were likely to share a key characteristic: half the females were naturally tuskless - they simply never developed tusks - while before the war, less than a fifth lacked tusks.
After the war, those tuskless surviving females passed on their genes with expected,as well as surprising, results. About half their daughters were tuskless. More confusing, two-thirds of their offspring (后代) were female. “The years of unrest changed the evolution in that population,” said evolutionary biologist Shane Staton.
Most people think of evolution as something that proceeds slowly, but humans can hit the accelerator. “When we think about natural selection,we think about it happening over hundreds, or thousands of years,” said Samuel Wasser, a conservation biologist at the University of Washington. “The fact that this dramatic selection for tusklessness happened over 15 years is one of the most astonishing findings.”
Now the scientists are studying what more tuskless elephants means for the species and its environment. “If an elephant doesn’t have the tool to peel bark from trees, then what chain reaction will happen?”
1. What have researchers found out according to paragraph 1?A.The function of tusks. | B.The influence of civil war. |
C.The fight against ivory poaching. | D.Reasons for naturally tuskless elephants. |
A.Their pricey tusks. | B.Their evolution process. |
C.Their endangered conditions. | D.Their sufferings during the war. |
A.The rapid speed of evolution. | B.Elephants’ gender imbalance. |
C.Elephants’ population reduction. | D.The diversity of natural selection. |
A.Elephants will die out soon. | B.Elephants will shift their diet. |
C.Elephants will suffer from starvation. | D.Elephants will be replaced by other species. |
【推荐1】Do you ever dream about climbing Mount Everest, which is 8,848 meters high? If so, you’re not alone. Every year, thousands of people try to climb the world’s highest mountains or walk across deserts. Let’s take a look at some of the 21st century’s greatest adventurers (冒险家).
Ed Stafford
Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk along the Amazon River from the mountains of Peru to the mouth of the river in Brazil. There are many dangerous animals in the rainforest, but he was only bitten by ants and mosquitoes. On his trip, Ed had to find fruit and nuts or catch fish each morning. He used a radio to ask the people of the rainforest for food and help. Many people came to meet him and guide him through the rainforest. While he walked, Ed wrote a blog to tell the world about climate change and destruction (破坏) of the rainforest.
Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner
Gerinde Kaltenbrunner from Austria is one of the world’s greatest climbers and has climbed all the world’s mountains over 8,000 metres. It’s very difficult to climb in the cold weather and storms, but Gerlinde loves it. Now she spends her time climbing and helping a charity for poor children in Nepal.
Meagan Mcgrath
Some adventurers are always looking for a new challenge. Meagan Mcgrath from Canada has climbed mountains, ridden a bike across Canada and run races in the desert to raise money for the disabled.
Erik Weihenmayer
Erik Weihenmayer from the United States has climbed mountains and ridden a bike through deserts. Amazingly, Erik is blind and he wants other blind people to have active lives too. He has taken groups of young blind people climbing in Nepal.
1. What happened on Ed Stafford’s Journey?A.He received great help from the locals. |
B.He was attacked by dangerous animals. |
C.He studied fruit and nuts in the rainforest. |
D.He stopped people from destroying rainforests. |
A.She has climbed Mount Everest. |
B.She lives by climbing mountains. |
C.She has climbed all the high mountains. |
D.She devotes her time to serving a charity. |
A.Ed Stafford. |
B.Meagan Mcgrath. |
C.Erik Weihenmayer. |
D.Gerinde Kalitenbruner. |
A.They are strong and brave men. |
B.They have great interest in climbing. |
C.They do something that benefits society. |
D.They are professional mountain climbers. |
【推荐2】When Babbage was working at Cambridge, a new idea occurred to him. He wanted to construct a calculating machine to work out the solutions(解法) to maths problems not only with correctness but also with a speed beyond the power of any human. His machine could solve problems involving long rows of figures in one continuous operation (运算).
In 1822 Babbage exhibited his invention and won a prize from the government. After that, he immediately started to work on a larger machine designed to solve more difficult problems. Although he received some money left by his father, the money was not enough to support his design. He wrote to the government about his plan and was given£2,500 to start with, a sum worth much more in those days than it is now.
Babbage continued his work in London for four years. Then his health broke down, and he had to take a long holiday abroad. When he returned to London in 1828, he was at the end of his resources. Many bills remained unpaid. His chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him and left with many expensive tools. For one year no work was done. During his period, Babbage, whose mind was always active, suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine. He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea. But this time, they were unwilling to help him. For eight years, they refused to say whether they wanted it or not, and their final answer was “No.”
From 1828 to 1839, Babbage held the position of professor at Cambridge very successfully. But his greatest work was the unfinished calculating machine which stood covered in dust in his house. It was the beginning of the modern computer.
1. The machine Babbage wanted to design would solve difficult maths problem ____.A.in one operation with few mistakes |
B.in more than one operation without any mistakes |
C.in more than one operation with slight mistakes |
D.in one operation without any mistakes |
A.he was in poor health | B.he almost ran out of money |
C.his co-workers argued with him | D.he spent all his money on his bills |
A.Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at Cambridge |
B.Babbage had new ideas but gave them up easily |
C.Babbage always needed support from the government officials |
D.Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer |
A.The idea. | B.The government. | C.The machine. | D.The bill. |
【推荐3】After four silent years, the 27-year-old British singer Adele Adkins has finally introduced herself to the world again with Hello, the opening song from her third album 25, which came out on Nov. 20, 2015.
Although Adele is a very successful singer now, music wasn’t always what she saw herself doing. At age 10, when she saw her grandmother’s pain over the death of Adele’s grandfather, she pictured herself as a heart surgeon.
“I wanted to fix people’s hearts,” she told the UK music website i-D, remembering the childhood interest she’d had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing.
Adele didn’t go to medical school, but many would agree that she still has healing(治愈)powers. “Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart. This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele,” said The Telegraph. “She writes a pop diary, sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”
Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace, but not Adele. After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album. She told Vogue magazine, “I won’t come out with new music until it’s better than 21.”
Instead of seeking fame, Adele remained silent and moved to the countryside. In her free time, she loved to watch TV series Teen Mom, American Horror Story, and The Walking Dead.
Living life as normally as possible is important to the singer’s art. “Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone who’s not living in the real world,” Adele told i-D. “So I live a low-key life for my fans.”
1. What does the text mainly tell us?A.The popularity of Adele’s album 25. |
B.The healing powers of Adele’s music. |
C.The secrets of Adele’s success in music. |
D.The reason for Adele’s becoming a singer. |
A.Adele wasn’t interested in music. |
B.Adele wasn’t good at music at first. |
C.Music wasn’t very important in Adele’s life. |
D.Music wasn’t all Adele wanted to be devoted to. |
A.To live a low-key life. |
B.To win the Grammy Award. |
C.To guarantee the quality of her music. |
D.To share the secrets of her heart as a musician. |
A.Her album Hello came out on Nov. 20, 2015. |
B.She has kept a diary since childhood. |
C.She moved to the countryside before 2012. |
D.Her works are based on real life. |