What are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars.
But the world has changed. Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage.
This is also true in China. Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor LiuMingzhen, and biologist Wan Ruixue. At the age of 28 in 2018, Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists. This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers.
She focuses mainly on biomedicine(生物医学)and artificial intelligence(人工智能)“Both are cutting-edge(前沿)technologies at an early stage of development,” she said.
“So, I think they have great potential to be developed. I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.”
She felt it was her fate to become a biologist. “I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young,” she said. In 2009, she entered Sun Yat-sen University.
In her third year at the university, she realised that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine. So she emailed China’s top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University.
Shi recognised her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab have paid off. Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.
Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wan currently has no plan to go overseas.
“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China,” she said, adding the country has great science facilities.
1. What does the underlined word “releasing” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Giving out. | B.Getting over. | C.Finding out. | D.Taking over. |
A.Anxious. | B.Confident. | C.Disappointed. | D.Satisfied. |
A.Her teacher led her into the field. | B.She finds it’s easier than she thought. |
C.Her contribution has been recognised. | D.She thinks it’s boring but worth trying. |
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【推荐1】Natalie Te Paa, a blind singer songwriter, was in London for her birthday with her friend, Claire Sara. The two decided to have a meal together at a restaurant. What happened after they ate their meal surprised them both. The workers at the restaurant presented Natalie with a cake that rend “happy birthday” written in Braille with chocolate!
Natalie cried as she used her hands to feel the raised chocolate dots. “Oh, my gosh! Are you kidding me? That is crazy! Thank you so much!”
In the past, Natalie had celebrated her birthday in restaurants, the workers sang to her like they did for other guests who celebrated their birthdays. But it was the first time that a restaurant had accommodated her disability in such a special way. The workers went to try their best to celebrate Natalie on her birthday from looking up how to write the message in her words to making sure the chocolate was cold enough, so it would not melt (融化) when Natalie touched it.
Natalie’s friend, Claire, took a video of the sweet moment, and she shared it online. The touching birthday scene went viral (走红) online with the video being viewed more than 16 million times and receiving over 4.3 million likes.
“The fact that people have responded so much and so well to it just shows how much the world needs kindness right now, and how much the world needs a message of hope and love,” Natalie shared. And the girl goes on to talk about how she hopes the video will lead people to have a larger conversation about kindness to others.
1. What does the underlined word “Braille” in paragraph 1 probably refer to?A.A kind of delicious cake. | B.A kind of letters for the blind. |
C.A kind of special chocolate. | D.A kind of fruit sold in London. |
A.They sang a special birthday song for her. | B.They taught Natalie to text the message. |
C.They carefully prepared a special cake. | D.They learned to use the body languages. |
A.Uncertain. | B.Doubtful. | C.Curious. | D.Supportive. |
A.The disabled have already been equally treated. | B.We should do much more to improve ourselves. |
C.We need to make conversations with each other. | D.We still have a lot to do to make the world better. |
【推荐2】Rome had the Forum (论坛). London has Speaker’s Corner. Now always-on-the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.
Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street comers. And just talk.
Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says, “ Talk to Me,” they attract conversationalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.
They don’t collect money. They don’t push religion (宗教). So what’s the point?
“ To see what happens,” said Liz. “ We simply enjoy life with open talk.”
Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.
“ It started as a crazy idea.” Liz said. “ We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their job, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything.”
Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.
Marcia had led her husband to a serious disease. “That was very heavy on my mind.” Marcia said. “ To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,” she explained.
To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people appeared, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.
They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something the two say they’ll consider before making a decision.
1. What did Liz and Bill determined to do after the attack on September 11, 2001?A.Telling stories to strangers. | B.Setting up street signs. |
C.Talking with people | D.Organizing a speaker’s party. |
A.pointless | B.normal | C.crazy | D.successful |
A.They knew Liz and Bill very well. |
B.They happened to meet the writer of the text. |
C.They organized the get-together in the city park. |
D.They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill. |
A.Go in for publishing | B.Do more television programs. |
C.Continue what they are doing | D.Spend more time reading books. |
【推荐3】Cornwall Council apologised to the public after a citizen complained that one of its buildings was lit up “like a Christmas tree” at midnight during an energy crisis.
On Saturday, a dog walker, Stuart, discovered a brightly-lighted Chy Trevail building in Bodmin, which accommodates more than 600 staff. The witness said, “How can the council explain for leaving all the lights and TVs on? We’re constantly told there is an energy crisis. They put our council tax up. For what reason? Because they employed staff that forget how to use a light switch?”
There were complaints about a similar issue last summer when Lys Kernow, formerly the New County Hall in Truro was pictured with all the lights on past midnight both inside and outside.
A council spokesman admitted it was an error. “Following an investigation, we can confirm some lights at Chy Trevail were left switched on accidentally,” he said, “Training will be given to the workers who made the mistake to ensure this is not to happen again. Cornwall Council is committed to reducing its energy use and has taken many steps to do so, including the installation (安装) of solar panels at both County Hall in Truro and at Chy Trevail. A new lighting control system has also been installed in Truro to ensure the amount of time lights are left switched on is minimised.“
Chy Trevail includes a central hall for the main reception and public facilities, as well as open- plan flexible workspaces over three floors. The building has “a special design driven by a challenging display energy certificate rating and includes 200kw photovoltaics (太阳能光伏) to generate on-site renewable energy, low energy LED lighting, improved insulation, air-tightness and measures to reduce water consumption.
Cornwall Council previously declared a climate emergency and hopes to be carbon neutral by 2030.The local authority has invested in LED lighting at Lys Kernow and uses renewably-sourced energy to power the building, including solar energy from panels installed on the roof.
1. What did Stuart see on Saturday night?A.Over 600 staff working overtime. |
B.A Christmas tree being decorated. |
C.Bright lights burning in a council building. |
D.Council workers turning on office lights. |
A.They will be educated. | B.They will be fired. |
C.They will be blamed. | D.They will be fined. |
A.Peaceful. | B.Convenient. | C.Low-cost. | D.Energy-efficient. |
A.Council staff learn a lesson from leaving lights on. |
B.Cornwall Council is accused of wasting tax money. |
C.A council building is equipped with high technology. |
D.A dog-walker made a complaint about an energy crisis. |
【推荐1】British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity(名人) on Chinese social media His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months. Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The 60-yearold always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles(护目镜), and smiles often. Some web users say he looks just like “the Grandpa of KFC”.
Evans has posted videos of various experiments. His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on video-sharing apps. Excited children's cheers and shouts cam be heard in his vides “I hope my experiments can arouse people's interest in science.” he says.
Evans has been interested in China since childhood. In the early 1970s, before the reform and opening-up, he viewed China as “a country full of mysteries”. He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996. Many of his friends though he was crazy. But Evans said they just saw China's challenges but not it potential.
Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science. He learned short-video apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas. And he realized this enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments. But even a one-minute video requires a considerable amount of work. Still, he thinks it's worth it to perform his responsibility to popularize science.
His experiments always fill schools' lecture halls with laughter. Some viewers call him “a Harry Potter-like magician”, but he disagrees. “A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation.” He sees himself as a teacher. He performs experiments t spread knowledge, inspire thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change. Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China.
1. Who is David Evans according to the passage?A.A manager of KFC. | B.A film celebrity. |
C.A chemistry teacher. | D.A British magician |
A.Evans considered the U. K to be a country full of mysteries. |
B.Evans first visited the Chinese mainland in the 1970s. |
C.Evans didn't want to move to Beijing. |
D.Evans attended a chemistry conference in China in 1987. |
A.To popularize science. | B.To rise to fame. |
C.To apply short-video apps. | D.To make money. |
A.Evans knows exactly how a magic works. |
B.Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China. |
C.Evans' students aren't interested in his experiments. |
D.Evans' friends admired his decision to move too China. |
【推荐2】Famous Chinese agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his research team’s experiment of planting saltwater-tolerant rice in desert areas of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates proved to be a success, with one type of rice producing more than 7.5 tons per hectare, Xinhua reported.
Saltwater-tolerant rice is designed to grow in tidal flats or other areas with heavy salt content. It was the world’s first successful case of planting rice in a tropical desert area, standing as China’s contribution to improving the ability of people in desert areas to be self-sufficient in main foods, a move that can protect global food security and improve the desert ecological environment.
In January, the center chose dozens of types of hybrid rice and planted them on small places of desert areas near Dubai. After five months of growth, the center invited experts from India, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and other countries for evaluation, and found three types of rice producing more than 6 tons per hectare. In June, a second evaluation will be carried out for middle-season rice.
The technology of saltwater-tolerant rice plays a key role in the success as the natural environment of the Dubai desert is terrible for rice growth. The daytime temperatures could be as high as over 50 ℃, and nighttime temperatures could drop by 30 ℃. Humidity stays below 20 percent and there are sandstorms from time to time. The biggest challenge is the desert soil, which is low in organic matter and unable to keep soil moisture as it is totally sand. To make it worse, sea water remains just 7.5 meters below the soil, which makes it easy to be full of salt.
With this success, the center and the private investment office of the ruler of the Emirate of Dubai plan to set up a 100-hectare experimental farmland in Dubai, to test the production costs and cultivation techniques(耕种技术) of the saltwater-tolerant rice and prepare for promotion. The two parties will construct a 100-hectare standard farmland in 2019 and speed up rice planting in 2020.
1. What can we infer from the second paragraph?A.The tropical desert areas have done well in being self-sufficient. |
B.Planting saltwater-tolerant rice can be easily achieved in many tropical desert-areas. |
C.Chinese team play a great role in planting saltwater-tolerant rice in desert areas. |
D.Saltwater-tolerant rice is designed to grow in areas with heavy salt content. |
A.Its daytime temperature could be up to 50 ℃ and humidity stays below 20%. |
B.It’s just 6.5 meters above the sea water and easy to be full of salt. |
C.It is extremely expensive to conduct experiments in tropical desert areas. |
D.Its soil is short of organic matter and hard to keep soil moisture. |
A.The United Arab Emirates tries to improve the desert ecological environment. |
B.Chinese team succeeds in planting saltwater-tolerant rice in Dubai’s desert. |
C.The rice experiment is of great importance for the tropical desert-areas. |
D.Chinese team help expand the farming of saltwater-tolerant rice. |
【推荐3】The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
But others disagree with this universal scientific mind. They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart. Discovering these abilities may be hard, Allen thinks, as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity, fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic.
But for Allen, this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone’s behavior. “We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of organisms, including ourselves, aren’t the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture, but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us,” he said.
“As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
1. Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3?A.To introduce a famous scientist. | B.To stress the role of creativity in science. |
C.To compare different views on science. | D.To illustrate what is curiosity inscience. |
A.Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable. |
B.We are passively influenced by our genes and culture. |
C.Our interaction with the environment makes us who we are. |
D.Current technology has revealed a lot about human behavior. |
A.Cautious. | B.Indifferent. | C.Approving. | D.Pessimistic. |
A.Who Are The Mystery-solvers | B.Scientists Are Not Born But Made |
C.Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist | D.Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind |