Alan Mathison Turing was born in England in 1912. Like many talents who go on to great things, Turing showed his incredible intelligence from a very young age. In fact, by the time he was halfway through primary school, Turing’s teachers had already realized he was a mathematical genius. He could do complex calculating in his head even though he had never been taught about it.
Fortunately, Turing was the opposite of Hawking, and he absolutely loved school. Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class. For example, on one occasion when there was a train strike, Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend. Now that’s devotion!
However, in spite of Turing’s scholarly attitude and his obvious genius, his teachers had their concerns about his future. This is because well-known schools in Britain like the ones Turing attended regarded the Classics, such as Latin and Greek as the most important, not subjects like maths and science. Turing’s proud teachers even wrote letters to his parents asking them to convince the young man to focus more on the Classics. Imagine how different the world might be if the young Turing had listened to his teachers! Thankfully, his love for all scientific and mathematical things meant there was no chance of that.
After finishing secondary school, Turing completed a degree in mathematics at King’s College Cambridge, and then obtained his PhD from Princeton University in the USA.It was during these university years that he invented the Turing Machine, which is considered by many people to be the earliest version of a computer processing unit. It sounds unbelievable that anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936. But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was, even when he was still a young man.
1. What can be inferred about Turing according to paragraphs 1-2?A.He was inspired by his teachers. |
B.He showed a strong desire for schooling. |
C.He ignored parents’ advice on course selection. |
D.His intelligence was first recognized by his parents. |
A.He argues it’s still limited in many functions. |
B.He doubts if it is truly invented by a young man. |
C.He considers the construction of such machines impossible. |
D.He thinks it has a great influence on the invention of computer. |
A.To indicate the link between genius and success. |
B.To illustrate the invention of the Turing Machine. |
C.To stress the impact of teachers’ guidance on Turing’s life. |
D.To introduce Turing’s genius, scholarly attitude and achievement. |
A.Contented with little, yet wishing for more. |
B.Chances favor the minds that are prepared. |
C.Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. |
D.Ordinary people hope, while talented people create. |
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【推荐1】It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.
The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries(食品杂货), saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.
I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.
People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity(人性)as a whole. And it has influenced(影响)us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.
1. Why was the bike so important to the couple?A.They used it for work and daily life. | B.It was their only possession. |
C.It was a nice Kona 18 speed. | D.The man’s job was bike racing. |
A.the couple worked 60 hours a week. | B.life was hard for the young family. |
C.the stranger brought over the bike | D.people were busy before Christmas |
A.From radio broadcasts. | B.From a stranger. |
C.From TV news. | D.From a newspaper. |
A.Strangers are usually of little help. | B.An act of kindness can mean a lot. |
C.News reports make people famous. | D.One should take care of their bike. |
【推荐2】Sherif Baioumy’s morning begins at around 7 a.m. in a carport in Queens, where he o ads up his cart (手推车) with the day’s food: chicken, lamb, rice, vegetables, hotdogs, and soon. A partner attaches the cart to the back of a pickup truck, and by 9.30 a.m. they’ve rolled it into place on the south-west corner of 48th Street and 6th Avenue, in the heart of office worker Midtown.
Too many people consider food vendors(摊贩) a trouble. In fact they play a vital role—not just by feeding people, but as living records of their cities changing habits and population.
The next eight hours area steady stream of frying, wrapping and never-ending joking. Calling Mr Baioumy friendly is like calling water damp; he is cheerful and warm, whether fist-bumping(击拳)with his regulars or attracting passers-by. In restaurants, where chefs are generally secreted in the kitchen, they can afford to be unfriendly. Buying lunch from a vendor is a closer experience, and chatting to him a she cooks is part of the attraction.
Mr Baioumy runs one of Manhattan’s halal carts, a term with a meaning specific to New York. Usually overseen by Afghans, Bangladeshis or Egyptians like him, they mainly serve chicken or lamb over rice. Much like food trucks in Los Angeles, New York’s halal carts have similar menus, but each vendor has his own style: Mr Baioumy’s chicken has an almost Mediterranean flavour.
These carts were unknown a couple of decades ago, when souvlaki a Greek dish, was the street lunch of choice. But as immigration(移民) from Greece slowed and Greek vendors aged, newer arrivals took their place.
In time, the chicken and lamb that Mr. Baioumy sells may seem as unremarkably American as hot dogs, which were once the province of immigrant vendors. But as food develops, New York’s food carts serve the same function: offering a quick meal and friendly greeting to a city forever in a hurry.
1. Why are food vendors important?A.They strengthen bonds between passers-by. |
B.They solve the eating problems of all residents. |
C.They help raise regional employment. |
D.They witness a place’s past and present. |
A.He is a native of New York. |
B.He doesn’t like damp weather. |
C.He is enthusiastic and pleasant. |
D.He doesn’t respect other chefs. |
A.The cheap prices they set. | B.The decline of Greek dishes. |
C.The stylish foods they provide. | D.The ever-growing population. |
A.It should include more varieties. | B.It will be part of the city one day. |
C.It will be more popular than hot dogs. | D.It should be improved for a better taste. |
【推荐3】One day, Ahmed’s mother decided to send him to learn to do business from his only uncle, who lived in another country. She sold some of her ornaments(首饰)to collect money for Ahmed’s journey. As Ahmed was very small, his mother worried that the money would get stolen. So she stitched(缝)a small pocket beneath the right sleeve of his shirt near his underarm and hid the money there. She hugged him with love and said, “Whatever the situation, tell the truth and be brave.”
Keeping in mind all the advice given by his mother, Ahmed set out for the journey. Admiring the beauty of the nature and the beautiful creatures in the sea, he enjoyed the blue sea beneath him.
Suddenly, there was a great hustle-bustle behind him. He turned back and noticed that a group of robbers had jumped in from a small boat nearby. The leader was ordering his companions to rob the passengers quickly. He suddenly saw Ahmed, took the bag from Ahmed and dropped down. “No money?” asked the leader. Suddenly, Ahmed cried out bravely, “________”
He directed his fingers beneath his right sleeve. Shocked, the leader checked and found the money. He was amused by Ahmed. He fell over his knees, and said, “Why did you tell me about the money? You could leave with your money.”
Seriously, Ahmed replied, “Sir, my mother has taught me to be honest, truthful and brave in every situation. I couldn't let my mother down by lying to you.”
Tears rolling down, the leader said, “Being a 9~10 years old boy, you are so truthful and honest. I feel ashamed of robbing you.”
Saying this, he apologized to everyone in the ship, returned their belongings and left with his companions. The passengers praised Ahmed. Later Ahmed became a very well-known and respected businessman. His mother was very proud of him.
1. Why did Ahmed go on the journey?A.To collect money for education. | B.To sell his mother’s ornaments. |
C.To learn business from his uncle. | D.To experience a different life. |
A.I do have money. It’s here. | B.How can you be a robber? |
C.You can take the bag here. | D.Stay away from my money. |
A.Man’s nature at birth is good. | B.Who knows most says least. |
C.It’s never too late to mend. | D.Honesty is the best policy. |
【推荐1】Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to go into space. In 1963,she spent almost three days in space. That was her only trip into space.
Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937, in Maslennikovo, a village northeast of Moscow. Her parents worked on a farm, and her father was killed during World War II. Tereshkova left school when she was 16 and worked at a factory. Tereshkova joined the factory's Young Communist League and soon advanced to the Communist Party. She became interested in parachute(降落伞)jumping after joining the Yaroslavl Air Sports Club.
After Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space in 1961, Tereshkova volunteered for the Soviet space program. Although she did not have any experience as a pilot, she was accepted into the program because of her 126 parachute jumps. At the time, astronauts had to jump from their spacecrafts seconds before they hit the ground on returning to Earth.
Along with four other women, Tereshkova received 18 months of training, which included tests to determine how she would react to long periods of time being alone, to extreme gravity conditions and to zero-gravity conditions. Of the five women, only Tereshkova went into space. Tereshkova stayed more than 70 hours in space and made 48 orbits(轨道)of Earth. Soviet and European TV viewers saw her smiling face and her books floating in front of her.
But they did not realize that the flight almost turned into a tragedy. An error in the spacecraft caused the ship to move away from the Earth, according to the RT news channel. Tereshkova noticed this and Soviet scientists quickly developed a new landing plan. Tereshkova landed safely but received an injury on her face in the end. She landed near today's Kazakhstan-Mongolia-China border. Villagers helped Tereshkova out of her spacesuit and asked her to join them for dinner. She accepted, and was later punished for breaking the rules and not having medical tests first.
However, Tereshkova was honored with the title Hero of the Soviet Union. She received the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal. Tereshkova later became a test pilot and never flew in space again.
1. We can infer that the purpose of the 18 months of training is to __________.A.prepare pilots for tests |
B.improve physical conditions |
C.develop pilots' interest in space exploration |
D.get used to the space environment in advance |
A.A funny joke. | B.A great success. |
C.An interesting story. | D.A serious failure. |
A.Tereshkova's large family. |
B.Tereshkova's hard life. |
C.Tereshkova's personal experiences. |
D.Tereshkova's scientific achievements. |
【推荐2】Charles Darwin was a naturalist who described his findings in many papers and published works. The basis of his works was the theory of evolution (进化). Darwin pieced together information from his earliest studies to continuously expand upon the heart of his theory called “natural selection”.
The root of Darwin’s theory can be traced back to his time at the University of Edinburgh. There he first became interested in invertebrates (无脊椎动物) and the possibility that other creatures evolved from simpler organisms like them. Then in Christ’s College in Cambridge, Darwin began to collect knowledge about plants and the earth.
Though Darwin began his life as a somewhat religious person, several ideas like the argument that nature was a process of “God’s design” did not seem to match his rapidly increasing understanding of nature and geology. When the chance to contribute to scientific study as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle presented itself, Darwin was excited to undertake that role. Though the voyage lasted five years and was extremely difficult and tiring, it provided the basis of knowledge that Darwin would build upon to write his description of natural selection.
Darwin’s time aboard the HMS Beagle and his time spent off the ship in South America were full of observation and collection. Apart from the creatures, Darwin explored the rise and fall of the land and grasped the massive time span (时间跨度) of the earth and the changes it had experienced as an environment during its time span.
Upon his return, Darwin worked for years to produce the first edition of his theory of natural selection in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species.
Darwin drew his theory from years of studies of various creatures including some extinct animals. It was paired with knowledge of geology and how the earth had evolved as an environment in which every living thing has existed.
1. Darwin’s theory of evolution originated when he .A.graduated from the University of Cambridge |
B.gained some knowledge of the earth |
C.began his travel on the HMS Beagle |
D.studied at the University of Edinburgh |
A.Genuine knowledge comes from practice. |
B.He who risks nothing gains nothing. |
C.It’s never too late to mend. |
D.Practice makes perfect. |
A.It is actually a record of Darwin’s exploration in South America. |
B.It mainly focuses on the earth’s role as an environment. |
C.It presented the theory of natural selection for the first time. |
D.It came out before Darwin’s voyage. |
A.Education. | B.Nature. |
C.Travel. | D.Society. |
【推荐3】Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists?
First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real, guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too!”
But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again.
Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity. Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.
It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they’re interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future.
Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists.
1. What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students?A.Scientists are interested in different things. |
B.Students should have a hobby of their own. |
C.Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. |
D.Students should consider scientists as their models. |
A.African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. |
B.Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. |
C.Not all scientists really show interest in science. |
D.Scientists are usually good at their schooling. |
A.scientists should help each other |
B.a scientist should never give up trying |
C.making discoveries is necessary for scientists |
D.new scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings |
A.Why scientists are important to us. | B.Why students should be taught about scientists. |
C.Why students love stories of scientists. | D.Why scientists can encourage students. |