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题型:完形填空 难度:0.4 引用次数:226 题号:19518645

Foreign aid and NGOs can make things worse when disaster strikes

Nearly all of us are collective donors in some sense - when governments send relief to disaster areas, the money they use comes from taxpayers. Many of us are also ______ donors, sending funds directly from our own wallets to charitable organizations. But in the past 10 to 15 years, accusations of ______ relief efforts and unused donations have generated concern among donors. These concerns are not ______; large-scale international disaster relief can have drawbacks that range from wasting resources to seriously undermining (削弱) local governments.

One of the biggest challenges to disaster relief is coordination (协调). After disaster strikes, immediate necessities are important, but what is the best way to ______ them? Unfortunately, pouring donated items into a disaster area can ______ relief efforts. Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster”, ______ relief workers with extra responsibilities and taking up precious space.

Then there are the consequent effects of ______ for donations for sudden big emergencies. A heartfelt expression of feeling can harm other charitable efforts by redirecting funds. The 2007 economic decline, ______, hit US charitable giving which didn’t recover until 2014. In such a time of donation ______, increasing donations to a disaster area can take funds away from other efforts that might be able to use it better.

If coordination is good and immediate relief goes well, damaged communities move into the ______ phase. For individuals, this includes returning to work, and recollecting personal networks, all of which require ______ to basic public services. The charitable supply of these services can have ______ consequences. Most philanthropic (慈善的) organizations want to ______ their rebuilding efforts with local workers. This practice is beneficial to a post-disaster economy as it provides a(n) ______ source of wages. But if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area, these visitors end up causing an intemal ______. Top employees are no longer available or willing to work in the public sector.

1.
A.individualB.generousC.competentD.cautious
2.
A.involuntaryB.desperateC.ill-intentionedD.counterproductive
3.
A.reasonableB.unfoundedC.promptD.limited
4.
A.strikeB.secureC.deliverD.pace
5.
A.renewB.resistC.demandD.slow
6.
A.overloadingB.supplyingC.chargingD.greeting
7.
A.votesB.appealsC.pressuresD.substitutes
8.
A.on the contraryB.as a resultC.in the meanwhileD.for example
9.
A.fearB.boomC.scarcityD.change
10.
A.finalB.recoveryC.criticalD.distinct
11.
A.referenceB.attentionC.accessD.favor
12.
A.positiveB.immediateC.mixedD.uncertain
13.
A.staffB.benefitC.replaceD.survive
14.
A.externalB.reliableC.naturalD.solid
15.
A.weak economyB.unstable communityC.class prejudiceD.brain drain

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