A 150-year-old shipwreck (遇难船) believed    1    (be) a treasure of cultural relics was       2    (eventual)lifted from a riverbed near Shanghai early Monday morning in a high-tech salvage (打捞) operation.

The merchant ship,    3     (refer) to as Yangtze River Estuary No 2 Ancient Vessel, dates back to the period of Emperor Tongzhi (1862-1875) in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). When it     4     (discover) in 2015, it was sitting 5.5 meters off the northeast tip of Hengsha Island in Chongming district.

Recovery of the merchant vessel—about 38.1 meters long and 9.9 meters across at its widest point—was one of the most important and challenging underwater archaeological excavation (挖掘)    5    (project) China has undertaken.

“The retrieval (取回) of the vessel marks the perfect    6    (combine) of underwater engineering and cultural relics protection principles,” said Guan Qiang, deputy director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration.

“The project has provided a Chinese example, Chinese model, and Chinese experience for the global protection of underwater cultural relics,” he said.

In the coming days, another ship will take the shipwreck to the former site of Shanghai Shipyard in Yangpu district, where it will be examined and studied. The ship has been described by the heritage administration as “the largest and best-preserved sunken wooden sailboat in China’s underwater archaeological findings, with    7    huge number of cultural relics    8     board”.

Fang Shizhong,    9    position is director of the Shanghai Cultural Heritage Administration, said that the discovery of the ancient boat was very    10     (meaning), which “proves Shanghai’s position as an important shipping and maritime commerce center for East Asia and even the whole world.”

Youngsters are unwilling to learn ancient skills needed to produce the     1     (tradition) pens used in calligraphy. In the workshop of the Wang Yipin Brush Pen Store in Huzhou, 29-year-old Shi Wangli brushes goat fur in water with an ox horn comb (牛角梳子)    2     (select) appropriate hairs to make a Chinese brush pen.

Her hands are immersed (浸泡) in water for at least eight hours a day, in both summer and winter. The selection of the hairs     3     (be) one of the most important steps of the making a quality brush pen and the work cannot    4     (perform) by a machine.

Shi is the     5     (young) pen technician in the entire city of Huzhou. These days, few young people are willing to undertake such     6     difficult job.

Xu Jianfeng, general manager of the store, worries that the thousand-year-old techniques for making the Huzhou brush pens,     7     no young people are willing to learn, will be lost. “If the Huzhou brush pen dies, an important part of Chinese culture will die with it,” he said.

    8     (locate) in the north of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou has been home to brush pen-making for thousands of years. In ancient China, an excellent Huzhou brush pen was the representative of social status and was the aspiration of all men of     9     (letter). In Chinese history, brush pens served     10     an essential tool for cultural heritage (文化遗产).