Corporate (公司) culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time. The role of corporate culture is to improve a company’s mission and strategies, with long-term hopes of improvements in a company’s profit. Mostly corporate culture comes from a company’s top management.
One role of corporate culture is to influence employee (员工) behavior, honesty, and compliance (服从). A company does not have to necessarily create a direct influence for these actions. A direct influence may be a set of written regulations or other policies, and while these may be in place, the corporate culture is usually more of an indirect influence.
While many companies try to create corporate culture through the use of written policies, its role is harder to define. The human factor has an influence on how corporate culture is expressed. The way upper management acts and reacts to various situations defines how lower-level employees will act, and this aspect may be more important than any written policy.
A company’s corporate culture can also extend beyond the walls of the business. Consumers who believe a company to be honest and forthright may be more loyal in their buying behavior. Employees in a company’s customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the company’s employees and its customers. How customers react may be a direct result from the company’s corporate culture.
Product quality can also be influenced by a company’s corporate culture. Companies that focus only on profits may decide to avoid high-quality materials in products, but try to suggest that the products are of higher quality than they really are. This negative culture can then result in lower brand loyalty with consumers.
1. What do we know about corporate culture from the text?| A．It is a set of rules and regulations. |
| B．It is the way the employees act. |
| C．It is the values and beliefs of a company. |
| D．It is the long term hope of a company. |
| A．Making a set of rules and regulations. |
| B．Setting an example for the employees. |
| C．Learning the corporate culture regularly. |
| D．Encouraging the employees to work harder. |
| A．The customer is always right. |
| B．Corporate culture has different functions. |
| C．Without corporate culture, a company will die. |
| D．Positive corporate culture can increase sales. |
| A．Creative. | B．Satisfying. |
| C．Dishonest. | D．Normal. |
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【推荐1】Americans love their automobiles. So long, it seems, as they don’t run on batteries. A survey published in July by the Pew Research Centre found that less than two-fifths of them would consider buying an electric vehicle (EV). Despite expanding charging networks and more EV models to choose from, that is a slightly lower share than the year before.
The biggest block to EV enthusiasm in America is price. The average EV there sells for $52,000, estimates Cox Automotive, a consultancy. That is not a world away from the $48,000 that Americans typically pay for a petrol vehicle. But total costs of ownership, which combine the sales price and running costs for five years, vary more widely. At $65,000, the typical EV is $9,000 more expensive to own than a petrol car (owing to factors like pricey home chargers, dearer insurance and, compared with Europe and China, inexpensive petrol).
All this leaves America’s car industry circling a roundabout. Consumers’ unwillingness to pay for expensive EVs is forcing carmakers to take action to shift stock (库存). Tesla has cut its prices several times in the past year. Carmakers are offering average discounts of almost 10% on their EVs, more than twice as generous as for petrol cars. But this is making it even harder for the companies to make money from battery power. Continued losses in turn may make car firms lose appetite to invest in a broader electric offering that would appeal to buyers.
American carmakers are still hoping they can escape this vicious (恶性的) circle. They are mostly postponing their American EV investments rather than pulling the plug on them. And from January the EV tax credits (免税) will also be available at the point of sale, making it less burdensome for buyers to take advantage of them. All this could eventually generate profits for car firms. Eventually may, though, come a bit later than hoped.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?| A．The lack of diversity of EVs. |
| B．The uncertain prospect of EVs. |
| C．The barrier to the purchase of EVs. |
| D．The urgency of price reduction on EVs. |
| A．Issuing EV tax credits policy. |
| B．Offering better discounts on EVs. |
| C．Cutting down the cost of production. |
| D．Investing in a wider electric offering. |
| A．Dissatisfied. | B．Dismissive. | C．Cautious. | D．Casual. |
| A．Is America’s EV Revolution Suspending? |
| B．Do Electric Vehicles Outweigh Petrol Cars? |
| C．EV Revolution Is Promoting Energy Transition |
| D．EV Is Gradually Dominating America’s Car Industry |
【推荐2】Like social media giants before it, TikTok hasn’t just contributed to the cultural conversation. It’s literally changed how entire industries operate and affected how we live, eat, watch and buy. In fact, even if you’ve never spent a single second on the app, there’s likely something in your life that has been changed by TikTok’s powerful influence.
Social media, like Youtube, Instagram and the now-defunct short video platform Vine, has always been a pipeline to fame for a few lucky people. However, because of the way TikTok’s algorithm (算法) works, learning users’ interests and preferences in real time as they interact with content, it’s not unusual for videos created by everyday people to suddenly get millions of views as they are pushed into users’ feeds.
BookTok-TikTok’s communities of readers-has become a major driving force in book sales, even influencing how major retailers, like Barnes Noble, market and display their products. The effect, in some cases, has been unbelievable. Colleen Hoover, an author of young adult fiction, has become a huge name thanks to the app. In 2021, Hoover sold nearly 1.9 million copies of her books, according to Publishers Weekly. In 2022, that number rocketed to 14.3 million-and that’s just physical copies.
TikTok began, and is still largely defined as, a music and dancing app. Unsurprisingly, perhaps no industry has been as affected by its power as the music industry. Olivia Rodrigo’s hit song “drivers license” is a perfect example of how far this phenomenon can go. The song first appeared on the app back in 2021, when a video of someone copying Rodrigo’s music video went viral. Soon, thousands of people were posting their own versions of the video.
Regardless, it speaks to the power of TikTok that it has the ability to not only influence, but completely redirect, longstanding billion-dollar industries.
1. What’s the main reason why TikTok videos have higher click-through rates?| A．Interesting topics | B．Eye-catching titles. |
| C．Sufficient TikTok users. | D．Personalized recommendations. |
| A．BookTok drives up sales of books. |
| B．Print industry is facing challenges. |
| C．Major booksellers control the market. |
| D．Publishers issue new books on BookTok. |
| A．Book-selling. | B．Music. | C．Sports. | D．Education. |
| A．Videos well-received on TikTok. |
| B．Ways to become famous on TikTok. |
| C．Reasons for the popularity of TikTok. |
| D．TikTok’s impact on various industries. |
【推荐3】For me, one of the greatest pleasures in life is going to watch a great film at the cinema.
Whether at an art house cinema or a huge multiplex(多厅影院), someone usually decides to treat the auditorium like their own home! To start with, some people always turn up late, causing you to rise from your seat to allow them to get past. Then, when you want to enjoy the digital projection someone decides to slurp on their drink and munch their popcorn.
The best option for anyone wanting to break the rules of cinema etiquette is to get a DVD and watch it at home. But we all know that the best way to appreciate the art of cinematography is on the big screen. It’s your choice!
What about you? What annoys you about other people at the cinema?
| A．It’s a chance for escapism. |
| B．I have the same difficulty as you. |
| C．I’m not alone in this complaint. |
| D．But we should go to the cinema on time. |
| E．But we mustn’t forget our fellow moviegoers. |
| F．And my worst worry is people who chat to their friends. |
| G．He has helped to create a code of conduct for moviegoers. |
【推荐1】In an amazing paper published last year in Science, a team led by Andreas Nieder of the University of Tubingen in Germany showed that crows — already known to be among the most intelligent of animals — are even more impressive than we knew. In fact, the evidence suggests that they are self-aware and, in an important sense, conscious (有意识的).
Crows had been observed previously to use tools to solve certain problems. Nieder’s experiment showed that the birds were actively thinking how to solve a particular problem; in effect, they were thinking it over. This ability to consciously view a problem was associated with the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) in the brains of humans, which birds don’t have.
Other studies support the idea that the bird brain can, in principle, support the development of higher intelligence. It had not been accepted in the past due to the small size of birds’ brains. But recent research has shown that in birds, the neurons ( 神 经 元 ) are smaller and more tightly-packed, which makes sense to reduce weight and makes it easier to fly. The total number of brain cell in crows (about 1.5 billion) is about the same as that in some monkey species. But because they are more tightly-packed, the communication between the neurons seems to be better, and the overall intelligence of crows may be closer to that of gorillas (猩猩).
This research has important results for our understanding of the development of higher intelligence. First, a cerebral cortex is not needed, and there are other means to achieve the same result. Second, either the development of consciousness is very old tracing back to the last common ancestor of mammals( 哺乳动物 ) and birds about 320 million years ago, or, equally interesting, consciousness happened at least twice later on, independently in mammals and birds. Both choices raise the possibility that higher intelligence on the planet may not necessarily be mammal or human-like, but could very well be birdlike.
1. What did Andreas Nieder’s team find out about crows?| A．They can use tools to solve certain problems. |
| B．They are more intelligent than other animals. |
| C．They have left people a very good impression. |
| D．They are much cleverer than previously thought. |
| A．The development. | B．Higher intelligence. |
| C．The bird brain. | D．The idea. |
| A．They have more tightly-packed brains. |
| B．They have a small number of brain cells. |
| C．Their brain neurons could communicate well. |
| D．Their brain cells are the same with the monkeys. |
| A．Higher intelligence on the planet might be different from what we imagine. |
| B．Cerebral cortexes are necessary for the development of higher intelligence. |
| C．Higher intelligence has already developed separately in different species. |
| D．Both mammals and birds got their intelligence from common ancestors. |
Gongcheng “oil tea” is such a kind of food that would be considered “weird” by many first-time visitors to the remote county in the north of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Many people dislike its bitter and astringent(涩的) flavor when they take a sip.
“It felt like drinking Chinese herbal medicine. I never expected that I would gradually accept it afterwards, and even become addicted to it,” said a traveler surnamed Zhang who comes from Shijiazhuang in northern China’s Hebei province.
Langshan village is said to be the birthplace of Gongcheng “oil tea” whose ideal ingredients are green tea and fermented tea. The village has preserved well its buildings and roads dating back to late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), as well as its traditional way of making the special tea.
Lin Fengyou, 60, introduced the cooking process. She looks younger than her age, and attributes this to the benefits of drinking “oil tea” throughout the year.
The first procedure is to use a wooden hammer to pound the tea while heating it in an iron pot, and then add edible oil and boiled water afterwards. She filters off the solid residues(余渣), and pours the glue-like green tea soup into bowls. Then, she adds salt, caraway seed, green onion, dried rice, fried groundnuts, sliced taro and fried beans.
The taste of the “oil tea” is a mixture of the distinctive flavors of all its ingredients. Local people usually eat it together with glutinous rice(糯米) balls, rice dumplings and glutinous rice cake.
The villagers consume “oil tea” three times a day. The tea soup is a healthy and refreshing food. “The tea soup to us is coffee to Westerners”, said Lin. “But it is tastier.”
1. Many first-time visitors may find “oil tea” ________ when taking a sip.
| A．popular | B．strange | C．addicted | D．beneficial |
| A．She never expected that she would gradually accept “oil tea”. |
| B．She is one of the reasons why the special tea has been preserved. |
| C．She thinks drinking “oil tea” throughout the year makes her look younger. |
| D．She drinks “oil tea” three times every day and considers coffee tastier. |
a. pour the glue-like green tea soup into bowls
b. heat the tea in an iron pot and pound the tea
c. add salt, caraway seed, green onion, dried rice, etc
d. add edible oil and boiled water
e. filter off the solid residues
| A．bdeac | B．dbace | C．acebd | D．beadc |
| A．Culture & Education |
| B．Entertainment |
| C．Health |
| D．Travel |
【推荐3】A tracked robot approaches a pile of brushwood blocking its path. This is Rolan, short for Robot Manipulator (操控者), who is practising for what is its graduation ceremony, when it will show off its skills. After a pause, it reaches out an arm, takes hold of a branch, lifts it up and drags it clear.
Though this is a small action for a human being, it is a breakthrough for robots, according to Stuart Young of the Army Research Laboratory, who is in charge of the RoMan project. As is known, robots easily become confused by something unexpected, some unfamiliar and none with convenient handles. Taking it apart is far beyond the power of any industrial robot. Dr. Young says that, as far as he knows, RoMan is the first machine able to manipulate unfamiliar objects in an unknown environment.
Just as a human being would, it has to learn about the world through observation and experiment before manipulating it. So it is trained on numerous tree branches until it is able to recognize unfamiliar ones for what they are and knows to grasp the trunk, rather than the leaves or the branches. Having grasped an object, RoMan assesses its weight and decides whether to try to lift it or drag it.
Dr. Young hopes to take this further by dealing with piles of burning tyres. He also wants RoMan to be able to use its body weight in the way a human being might to push open a tight door or to move heavy furniture by bracing against a wall. One problem with RoMan is that it is still impractically slow. It often takes 10-15 seconds to decide what to do. RoMan will also need to learn to deal with a wider range of objects.
However, the device's future could be bright. Beyond military applications, its following generations might work in warehouses, pick fruit, clear litter or tidy people's homes. They might even collect rocks from the surface of Mars.
1. Why does RoMan take a pause before taking action?| A．The branch is too heavy for it. |
| B．It is reflecting on its next move. |
| C．It takes time to show off its skills. |
| D．It is totally confused by the mess. |
| A．Everything existing around. |
| B．Observation before manipulating. |
| C．The similarity to a human being. |
| D．RoMan's ability acquired by training. |
| A．The author's wish for RoMan. | B．The power of RoMan's weight. |
| C．Dr.Young's regret for RoMan. | D．RoMan's room for improvement. |
| A．Sports&Entertainment. | B．Health&Medicine. |
| C．Education&Career. | D．Science&Technology. |
