Self-driving vehicles will rely on cameras,sensors and artificial intelligence (Al) to recognize and respond to road and traffic conditions.But sensing is the most effective for objects and movement in the neighborhood of the vehicle.Not everything important in a car’s environment will be caught by the vehicle’s camera.Another vehicle approaching at high speed on a collision(碰撞)track might not be visible until it’s too late.This is why vehicle-to-vehicle communication is undergoing rapid development.Our researches show that cars will need to be able to chat and operate on the road,although the technical challenges are considerable.
Applications for vehicle-to-vehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row,to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles.Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passers-by and bicycles.
From as far as several hundred meters away.vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units (RSUs) about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4 G network.A high level of Al seems required for such vehicles,not only to self-drive from A to B,but also to react intelligently to messages received.Vehicles will need to plan,reason,strategize and adapt in the light of information received in real time and to carry out cooperative behaviors.For example,a group of autonomous vehicles might avoid a route together because of potential risks,or a vehicle could decide to drop someone of earlier due to messages received,a foreseen crowding ahead.
Further applications of vehicle-to-vehicle communication are still being researched,including how to perform cooperative behavior.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The reasons for the accidents by self-driving vehicles. |
B.The research about applications for self-driving vehicles. |
C.The reasons for developing communication between self-driving vehicles. |
D.The importance of artificial intelligence of self-driving vehicles. |
A.Blame. | B.Alarm | C.Ignore. | D.Govern. |
A.They serve as efficient information stations. |
B.They can improve bad road conditions. |
C.They take over the passing vehicles. |
D.They classify the vehicles on the road. |
A.When Do Vehicles Communicate? |
B.The Reasons Why a High Level of Al Is Important. |
C.What Do Applications for Vehicle-to-vehicle Communication Need? |
D.Vehicle-to-vehicle Communication Is Coming. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s smallest countries—yet it has major traffic jams. But that could be about to change. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport—trains, trams and buses—in the country is now free.
The government hopes the move will alleviate its heavy traffic jam and bring environmental benefits, according to Dany Frank, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Mobility and Public Works.
Landlocked Luxembourg is one of the richest countries in Europe, with the highest per capita GDP in the European Union. Taking up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany can all be reached by car in half an hour, which lead to more than 180,000 of its workforce commute(通勤) from those neighboring countries every day.
But its “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to traffic issues, he says. In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and driving is a “primary means of transportation” for commuters, according to a 2017 report. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City spent an average of 33 hours in traffic jams. It fared worse than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, which have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg—yet drivers in both only spent an average of 24 hours in traffic.
Luxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs $562 million per year to run. Each year, it generates around $46 million in ticket sales, according to the ministry. The government is putting up the cost of making it free. The new scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving. But Caruso adds, “Rather than walking 500 meters, you see a bus coming and you say,‘I can get on and travel 500 meters because it’s free.’”
1. What does the underlined word “alleviate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Allow. | B.Urge. |
C.Ease. | D.Burden. |
A.Its business culture. | B.Its geographical position. |
C.Its small population. | D.Its favorite climate. |
A.It is the smallest country in Europe. | B.It is one of European richest countries. |
C.It is a country visited frequently. | D.It suffers from terrible traffic jams. |
A.Making all public transport free. | B.Carrying out the family planning. |
C.Cycling or walking to work. | D.Using their own private cars. |
【推荐2】Car Hire
Hiring a self-drive car really adds to the enjoyment of your holiday.There are so many places of interest to visit,and if you enjoy seeing more than just the city center there’s no better way to explore than by car.
Hire Charges:
What’s included
a) Unlimited mileage (英里数).
b) Expenses on oil,maintenance and repairs,which will be repaid on production of invoices.
C) Full insurance except personal accident (see below).
What’s not included
a) Personal accident insurance.
b) Garaging,petrol,parking and traffic fines.
Conditions of Hire:
★The shortest rental period at these special low prices is three days.For prices for periods of one or two days you only see our representative at the hotel.
★Car hire must be booked six weeks or more before arrival in London to guarantee a car.But if you have been unable to make a booking in advance please see our representative at the hotel who may still be able to help you.
★The car types on the sheet are examples of the types of cars in each price range,but particular car cannot be guaranteed.
★Upon delivery the driver (s) will be asked to sigh the car hire company’s Condition of Hire.
★If you decide to hire a car,just fill in the Booking Form and return it to us.A booking fee of £ 12 as part of the car hire cost is required.
Should you be forced to cancel your car hire booking after payment in full (two weeks before date of hire),a cancellation charge of £ 12 will be made.
1. From the advertisement we can see a car hirer will pay .A.insurance against damage to the car | B.insurance against injury to the driver |
C.the cost of maintenance of the car | D.the cost of repairs to the car |
A.partly returned | B.doubly paid |
C.not returned | D.returned within six weeks |
A.it is booked for at least three days | B.it is booked two weeks in advance |
C.it is booked for two days | D.the booking is made in London |
【推荐3】A city in South Korea, which has the world’s highest smartphone usage rate, has placed flashing lights at a road crossing to warn “smartphone zombies” (低头族) to look up and drivers to slow down, in the hope of preventing accidents.
The designers of the system were motivated by growing worry that more pedestrians (行人) addicted to their phones will become victims in a country that already has some of the highest injury rates among developed countries.
State-run Korea Institute of Civil Engining and Building Technology believed its system of flashing lights at crossings can warn both pedestrians and drivers.
In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the road, “smartphone zombies” will be warned by flashing lights and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic.
“Increasing numbers of accidents are happening at pedestrian crossings, so these lights are needed to prevent these pedestrian accidents,” said KICT senior researcher Kim Jong-hoon.
South Korea has the world’s highest smartphone usage rate, according to Pew Research Center, with about 94 percent of adults owning smartphones in 2017, compared with 77 percent in the United States and 59 percent in Japan.
For now, the warning system is set up only in Ilsan, a city about 30 km northwest of the capital, Seoul, but is expected to go nationwide, according to the institute.
Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old citizen of Ilsan, welcomed the system, saying she was often too absorbed in her phone to remember to look at traffic. “This flashing light makes me feel safe as it makes me look around again, and I hope that we can have more of these in town,” she said.
1. What is the purpose of South Korea’s new warning system?A.To prevent pedestrian accidents. | B.To limit the use of phones. |
C.To remind pedestrians to look around. | D.To ensure drivers’ safety. |
A.By describing a scene. | B.By making comparison. |
C.By explaining a subject. | D.By raising a question. |
A.Supportive. | B.Indifferent. | C.Objective. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Flashing lights at the crossing in different countries. |
B.Watching out for safety while crossing the road. |
C.South Korea ranking the world’s highest phone usage rate. |
D.New warning system to prevent accidents in South Korea. |
【推荐1】At Serious Readers we understand that the creative mind requires many factors to function properly.
Creativity and inspiration can often strike when we least expent it, and disappear rapidly when we feel we most need it. Inspiration demands attention, at any hour of the day; that’s why Serious Lights use a special technology that allows us to closely replicate (模拟) natural daylight and bring it indoors. This means that wherever you are, and whatever time it is, you can write like you are bathed in a pool of natural sunshine.
“Read a thousand books, and your words will flow like a river.”— Lisa See
Every author will tell you that the key to becoming a skilled writer is to devote yourself to reading. Reading develops your vocabulary, teaches you narrative structure, and provides a window to worldviews beyond your own. Time spent in front of a page is important for any hopeful wordsmith, and the longer you read, the better prepared you are to write. But many people struggle with reading for long periods of time. They experience blurred vision, headaches, hard concentrating and sore or dry eyes. These are symptoms of what is commonly known as eyestrain (视疲劳). A Serious Light works with your eyes to reduce these symptoms and allow you the freedom to read and write for as long as you desire.
“A writer is a world trapped in a person.”— Victor Hugo
Books often provide us with a sense of freedom. The common phrase “get lost in a book” indicates the sensation of allowing the world around you to fade away while the words on the page become a world inside your head. That feeling of freedom shouldn’t be hampered by tired and sore eyes. Most readers spend the majority of their time under some form of artificial light. This is where the problem starts. Most artificial light sources are not designed with your eyes in mind and will cause your eyes to overstrain and become tired and annoyed much faster. With a Serious Light you will experience sharper text, vivid colour, and breathtaking clarity, allowing you to read and write for as long as you desire.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly talk about?A.The advantage of creativity. | B.The advantage of inspiration. |
C.The function of Serious Lights. | D.The function of natural sunshine. |
A.The importance of reading. | B.The method to write a book. |
C.The future of their products. | D.The ways to be a wordsmith. |
A.Explained. | B.Directed. | C.Satisfied. | D.Influenced. |
A.Recommend Serious Lights products. | B.Offer directions of reading. |
C.Introduce some books on Serious Lights. | D.Refer to benefits from reading. |
【推荐2】Science competitions your students can enter
Clean Tech CompetitionAge:15-18
Opens: Now
Closes: 29 April 2022
The Clean Tech Competition research and design challenge asks students to find a problem with our natural world and resource use that they want to change, work out a solution and hand in a research paper to the judges.
Top of the BenchAge:14-16
Opens: September 2022
Closes: October 2022(regional heats)
Top of the Bench (TOTB)is a yearly practical chemistry competition and a great chance for students to put their teamwork and practical skills to the test. Regional heats will be held between October 2022 and January2023, with the wining team from each heat progressing to the national final held later in March.
Quantum on the ClockAge: 16-18
Closes: 31 March 2022
Quantum on the Clock competition is open to all A-level students in the UK and Ireland. Students are asked to create a three-minute video about any aspect of quantum science (量子科学) or technology . Entries (参赛作品) can be individual or in teams of up to four students. Cash prizes are on offer for the winners and runners-up. The “best individual” and “best team” winners will receive an invitation to a prize-giving ceremony at the Photon 2022 conference dinner (会议晚宴).
Big Bang Young Scientists and Engineers CompetitionAge: 11-19
Closes: 4 April 2022
The Big Bang Competition recognises young people’s achievements in STEM and builds their confidence in project-based work, focusing on investigation, discovery and use of scientific methods. Students can submit (提交) their project as a written or video report—on any topic in the field of STEM. Students can be in with the chance of winning a range of awards and prizes.
1. Which competition focuses on solving environmental issues?A.Top of the Bench. |
B.Quantum on the Clock. |
C.Clean Tech Competition. |
D.Big Bang Young Scientists and Engineers Competition. |
A.In September 2022. | B.In October 2022. |
C.In January 2023. | D.In March 2023. |
A.They both accept video entries. |
B.They are both open to students aged 11-19. |
C.Both of them will invite their winners to a conference dinner. |
D.Both of them require each participant to finish an entry on his own. |
【推荐3】Scientists are a step closer to restoring the sight of blind people using brain implants (移植物) after many successful experiments on monkeys.
Researchers developed implants containing 1,024 electrodes (电极) and implanted them in the part of the brain that processes visual information in two monkeys. By sending electrical signals to the monkeys’ brains, researchers created dots of light that could be seen or sensed by the brain, and can be used to create the impression of shapes and objects. The monkeys performed many tasks, and, using their sight, they were able to recognize shapes including lines, moving dots and letters.
The research team believes that such technology could one day be used to simulate (模仿) sight in blind people who have been able to see at some point in their lives.
When people lose their sight, you can create a pattern of dots by stimulating (刺激) with a pattern of electrodes, and from these patterns of dots you can reproduce meaningful images, and create letters of the alphabet.
Researchers from around the world are looking for a way of restoring sight. This year, they announced they were able to use brain implants to briefly restore sight in blind patients.
In the future, a person could carry a camera on their glasses which could translate the images into electrical stimulation patterns for the brain, and send them to the electrodes. The electrodes would then get going the appropriate cells, and the person would be able to see maybe a car that’s coming by, or a person who is walking into the road.
It will give rise to a form of sight. It is hoped that the technology will be ready for trial in humans by 2023.
Studies like these will pave the way for brain implants that improve the function of the brain when we lose sight or hearing.
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.How the experiment was done. |
B.Why the experiment was done. |
C.On whom the experiment was done. |
D.In which place the experiment was done. |
A.It can lead blind people to regain sight. |
B.It can lead blind people to create letters. |
C.It succeeds in reproducing meaningful images. |
D.It helps the blind see some points in their lives. |
A.It makes it convenient to take photos. |
B.It makes the person look very cool. |
C.It acts as part of a tool to turn images into sight. |
D.It helps the person understand what’s coming by. |
A.Negative. | B.Unconcerned. |
C.Doubtful. | D.Supportive. |
【推荐1】MySpace, the social networking website, is different from other websites which only provide stories about other people. MySpace is a place that allows you to broadcast your own stories and personal information to as many people as you like. Started two years ago, it is a big source of information for and about American kids.
Teenagers and their parents feel very different about it. Teens are rushing to join the site, not sharing their parents’ worries. It signals yet another generation gap in the digital era.
For teenagers, it is reliable network to keep in touch with their friends. They will often list their surnames, birthdays, afterschool jobs, school clubs, hobbies and other personal information.
“MySpace is an easy way to reach just about everyone. I don’t have all the phone numbers of my acquaintances. But if I want to get in touch with one of them, I could just leave them a message on MySpace,” said Abby Van Wassen. She is a 16yearold student at Woodland Hills High of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Parents on the other hand are seriously concerned about the security problems of MySpace. “Every time we hold a parents meeting, the first question is always about MySpace,” said Kent Gates, who travels the country doing Internet safety seminars (研讨会). The National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children has received at least 288 MySpacerelated complaints, according to Mary Beth Buchanan, a lawyer in Pittsburgh.
“Your profile on MySpace shows all your personal information to anyone on the Web. And MySpace even lists this information by birthplace and age. It’s like a free checklist for troublemakers and it endangers children,” Buchanan said.
1. Why are some parents against MySpace?A.Because they think MySpace has a bad influence on their children. |
B.Because they don’t want to pay so much money for MySpace. |
C.Because it takes up too much of their children’s spare time. |
D.Because troublemakers can easily reach their children through the site. |
A.MySpace has become a top problem troubling parents. |
B.MySpace often holds parents meetings. |
C.MySpace is quite popular with parents. |
D.Parents have lots of questions about the website. |
A.Internet Safety | B.MySpace |
C.Generation Gap | D.The Digital Era |
【推荐2】Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn’t matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
1. What is the major function of paragraph 1?A.To arouse the reader’s concern. |
B.To introduce the theme of the whole passage. |
C.To summarize the whole passage. |
D.To state how climate changes. |
A.To show major changes are taking place on the planet. |
B.To remind people to prevent future earthquakes. |
C.To show the damage earthquakes caused. |
D.To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future. |
A.Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear. |
B.It could lead to the spread of diseases. |
C.Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear. |
D.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. |
A.Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly. |
B.There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change. |
C.The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration. |
D.The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change. |
【推荐3】Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists?
First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real, guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too!”
But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again.
Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity. Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.
It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they’re interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future.
Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists.
1. What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students?A.Scientists are interested in different things. |
B.Students should have a hobby of their own. |
C.Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. |
D.Students should consider scientists as their models. |
A.African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. |
B.Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. |
C.Not all scientists really show interest in science. |
D.Scientists are usually good at their schooling. |
A.scientists should help each other |
B.a scientist should never give up trying |
C.making discoveries is necessary for scientists |
D.new scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings |
A.Why scientists are important to us. | B.Why students should be taught about scientists. |
C.Why students love stories of scientists. | D.Why scientists can encourage students. |