In every corner of the globe, there exist people from different religions, different regions, different ethnic identities who speak different languages, and celebrate different holidays.
Culture shapes our identity. It influences how we behave, and it makes us who we are. Culture brings people together equally in celebration and in grief. Without culture and cultural diversity, the world would be a sad and dull place. Cultural diversity is a quality of diverse and many different cultures. Cultural diversity is a system that recognizes and respects the existence and presence of diverse groups of people within a society.
Recognizing that the world is made up of many different people from different backgrounds and cultures is the first step towards a more understanding and harmonious society. Difference is not what divides us, but rather it should be celebrated as something that unites us as humans.
Through diverse cultures, we can explore and understand how other cultures operate and function. Opening our eyes to the existence of diverse and different cultures allows us to see the world from others’ points of view. We can see more, appreciate more, and understand more. Understanding is a crucial step before appreciating. It is the same for understanding different cultures around the world. Even if when we’re unable to understand why certain cultures do the things they do, we’re able to acknowledge it as their custom.
However, total acceptance needs wisdom and awareness. Some cultures and cultural practices may disturb human rights in the general society’s view. We must work towards educating the public with a respect for the community that culture or cultural practices belong to. When diversity is taught early in kids’ lives, they are more likely to communicate and interact with people of any background or culture. At the same time, we must educate ourselves about the pros and cons of cultural diversity so that the change we want to make won’t be one-sided or go against anyone’s rights.
1. What is the first step to understand another culture?A.Appreciating others’ opinions. | B.Accepting cultural diversity. |
C.Being smarter and more cautious. | D.Learning more laws about human rights. |
A.Key. | B.Simple | C.Quick. | D.Perfect. |
A.To be learned. | B.To become wiser. |
C.To communicate with others well. | D.To tell the pros from cons of diversity. |
A.The origin of culture. | B.The function of culture. |
C.The future of diverse cultures. | D.The importance of cultural diversity. |
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【推荐1】Earlier this month, British supermarket chain Morrisons announced that it would be removing “use by” dates on most of its milk. The idea behind this is to discourage people from throwing milk away based on a date, rather than sniffing (闻) and looking at it to determine whether it’s still safe for consumption.
The fact is that significant amounts of food get wasted every year by people blindly following expiration dates, rather than their senses. What makes matters worse is that most dates don’t mean much, anyway. They’re assigned somewhat randomly by food manufacturers that are not held to any regulatory standards for what determines a safe date nor what expertise (专门知识) is required to make such a judgment call—so it makes sense that they’d be too cautious.
What I find amusing, however, is that many people seem to be horrified by this approaching absence of “use by” dates.
In fact, I never look at expiration dates when I shop. To me, it’s as if they don’t exist. To be clear, I am not an absent-minded shopper. I pay close attention to both packaging and price. Despite having a full cart at checkout, I could tell you the exact price of every item in it. Any time I see a clearance rack (清仓货架) at the store, that’s usually where I go first because it’s exactly the stuff I want to buy—the cheaper, the better! If there’s any heavily discounted product that I’d normally use, I will certainly take it. Often, I’ll mentally adjust my weekly menu plan on the spot, based on what I find.
The handful of times I have looked at expiration dates have been for short-lived items like prepackaged salad greens. What I’ve found, however, is that the dates mean little. Even a package that claims to be fresh can still have rotten yellow leaves at the bottom, which turns me off. Therefore, the expiration date means next to nothing, but my visual assessment, combined with my intention for when I plan to eat it, is far more useful.
Food is your friend. Food is not out to kill you!
1. Why will Morrisons remove “use by” dates on most of its milk?A.To reduce food waste. | B.To improve customers’ senses. |
C.To meet the regulatory standards. | D.To be cautious about food quality. |
A.She shows little interest in packaging. |
B.She cares more about the price. |
C.She always avoids buying discounted products. |
D.She is often careless about choosing goods. |
A.To claim her favorite food. |
B.To introduce her cooking habit. |
C.To stress the uselessness of expiration dates. |
D.To show the poor packaging of some food. |
A.What Makes Us Waste More Food | B.Why We Need “Use By” Dates |
C.How I Choose Food for Cooking | D.Why I Ignore Food Expiration Dates |
【推荐2】Everyone fails from time to time. We try to learn from our mistakes and move on, leaving them behind. But one museum is doing quite the opposite. It’s a showcase (展示)for failures, both famous and forgotten.
Inspired by the Museum of Broken Relationships in Croatia, Samuel West, a psychologist from Sweden, decided to make our silly mistakes public. He founded the Museum of Failure in 2017. Now the museum is hitting the road, with a traveling exhibition in Shanghai from Jan 18 to March 17. The Museum will display over 100 “failed” products from big-name companies such as Nokia, Apple and Coca-Cola.
“I really hope you see that these mega-brands (大牌)that everybody respects screw up too,” West told The New York Times. “I hope that makes you feel less apprehensive (惴惴不安的)about learning something new.”
West’s opinion isn’t new. The famed German-American physicist Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” This idea has even been embraced (接纳)by big companies in the US. Silicon Valley, for example, is the home of some of the worlds most innovative tech companies. A common slogan is, “Fail fast, fail often.”
However, there are reasons for this. The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out-of-the-box thinking and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,wrote Simon Casuto of Forbes.
This may lead to carelessness and a lack of effort. Some people are skeptical of this so-called “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a badge (奖章)of honor”,as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure.
“Sometimes people hide behind failure, when they could have prevented it,” wrote Anna Isaac of The Telegraph.
So it’s important that you set apart the two kinds of failure — the kind that shows laziness or incompetence and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether you’ve learned something from your mistakes.
1. West founded the Museum of Failure mainly to________.A.help people avoid failure |
B.encourage people to try new things |
C.teach people how to learn from failure |
D.entertain people with silly products |
A.It will lead to lots of impractical ideas. |
B.It will cause great waste of resources. |
C.It may give people excuses to make less effort. |
D.People may fear to try again after failure. |
A.All failures deserve respect. |
B.The best companies seldom make mistakes. |
C.Failure shows lack of effort and ability. |
D.Failure is good if it teaches us something. |
【推荐3】Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.
Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair. On the other hand, there are times when you laugh at funny memes (表情包), catch up with old friends, and feel happy to belong to fun social media communities. Clearly, social media isn’t all bad.
People are increasingly suspecting that there’re potential problems of social media. Things like cyberbullying (网上欺凌) , screen addiction, and being exposed to endless filtered images (美颜) that make it impossible not to make comparisons between yourself and others often make the news. In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying — screen time is horrible for young people.
The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years as part of a drug and alcohol prevention program. Part of what the investigators measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, as well as their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. That was true both when the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time.
Case closed? Not so fast. Before we end the debate once and for all, let’s take a closer look at this and other studies. Let’s ask ourselves: what exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several warnings.
1. Why do people sometimes feel bad when looking through Instagram?A.They lack contact with old friends. | B.They can travel nowhere. |
C.They don’t look perfect. | D.They feel unbalanced. |
A.To comment. | B.To prove. | C.To suggest. | D.To explore. |
A.Depression is related to social media use. |
B.Teens’ amount of screen time is limited. |
C.It is not easy to tell reasons for depression. |
D.Social media contributes to physical health. |
A.How to reduce depression? | B.Does social media cause depression? |
C.Shall people reduce screen time? | D.Why is it time to give up social media? |
【推荐1】As you get older, you’ll meet a wider range of people from diverse cultures. If you haven’t met many people from different backgrounds, it can be hard to know how to respect their culture.
One of the best ways to understand other people’s cultures is to first consider your own. Most of us don’t realize that our customs and beliefs might seem strange to someone else. Don’t think of your own way of life as the only normal one and everyone else’s to be strange.
Maybe you’ve recently met someone from a different culture, or you’re curious about how different people live. When you meet people from a different culture, ask them about their lives. Also, you can read books, watch movies or listen to radio shows.
Differences between us are what make life so interesting, so just accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures. The best way to respect people from other cultures is to strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation:
A.Respect other cultures. |
B.Appreciate the differences. |
C.Ask questions if your friends are open to it. |
D.In this way, you may find it hard to know your own culture. |
E.Otherwise, it’s hard to approach those differences with respect. |
F.Here are some tips for learning more about them and about yourself. |
G.These will help you get an insider’s view on a different culture. |
In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the US, Margolis mentions a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive to Britons.
● Not making introductions
Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because “talking to strangers without being introduced gives them a stomachache”. Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties. Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves.
● “Quite” good
Using “quite” to mean “very” happens a lot in the US. But if you are invited to a dinner party in Britain, don't describe the meal as “quite good” if you want to express high praise. To Britons’ ears, “quite”
● Money Talk
Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons, says Margolis, “Talking about how much we make is unthinkable — even 1ess so than discussing our feelings.”
● Over-politeness
“It’s not that I want shop assistants to be actively rude. But neither do I want to expend energy responding to someone who's been paid to ask: ‘How are you today?’” says Margolis. In the US, it is not unusual to be greeted by a perfect stranger as “honey” or “sweetie”. But Margolis says Britons find put-on friendliness, especially in stores, deeply irritating.
1. Margolis’ dining experience in Paragraph 1 shows that_______.
A.Britons are particular about foods |
B.Britons are not good at complaining |
C.Americans usually complain directly |
D.Americans complain more than Britons |
A.Britons enjoy talking about their feelings. |
B.Americans introduce themselves at parties. |
C.Americans dislike talking to strangers at parties. |
D.Britons feel happy if treated like close friends. |
A.differs greatly from | B.increases the quality of |
C.reduces the strength of | D.draws attention away from |
A.How to get on well with westerners. |
B.How to start conversations with Britons. |
C.Ruth Margolis’ tips on public behavior. |
D.Some American habits that annoy Britons. |
【推荐3】How can you recognize a British, a German, and a Frenchman, apart from their accents and names?
There are ways people dress, but they are very complex and would take a lot of time to explain. Some items of clothing are just more popular in some countries than in others. For example, Germans often wear sandals (凉鞋) with their socks on, which is something a Frenchman would normally never do. In Berlin, where I live, people don’t really dress as smart as they would in Paris or London. The Germans have a reputation for not caring so much about their outward appearance — as long as the clothes are comfortable, they’re happy! They also seem to love sportswear more than people anywhere else.
The French cannot queue, while the British just seem to love it. French people are always late, British people are always on time and the Germans are always early.
French people use their hands a lot more when they speak, and take a lot more time to say something. French people care a lot how things are done or said. The British do care how things are done and said, but only in a context of politeness. The Germans just care how things are done. The French and the British seem to care more how things look, for example, food products and packaging.
When it comes to food, for example in a restaurant, a Frenchman would never think of ordering beer with a meal, which is something tally normal for a German or a British.
I find the Germans the cleanest and most disciplined in public space. The French are the worst and the British somehow in between.
1. According to the passage, how can we tell the three kinds of people apart?A.By their behaviour. | B.By their nicknames. |
C.By the colour of their skin. | D.By their facial expressions. |
A.France. | B.Germany. | C.Britain. | D.India. |
A.German people care more how things look. |
B.Frenchmen are strictly in order when queuing for food. |
C.British people are always likely to care how things are done and said. |
D.Of the three kinds of people, the Germans are the most self-controlled in public. |
A.By giving numbers. | B.By giving logical reasoning. |
C.By making a comparison. | D.By making a detailed description. |