The Polish take great pride in their culture. Our culture has many different customs and traditions. I will discuss three of these traditions and customs.
The Polish will say “Dziekuje” (“thank you”) only after receiving their change. What I mean by this is that when you are in Poland, you should wait to say “thank you” until after you have been given your change back. If you do not, you are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can “keep the change.” Often, people visiting Poland will feel that things are very expensive, until they learn that they are giving the store clerk permission to keep the money that would have been given back.
Polish people break “bread” with their families during their Christmas Eve meal. The Christmas Eve celebration starts with the breaking of the Oplatek, which is a thin piece of “bread”. In my family, the eldest in the family (my grandfather) takes the big Oplatek and breaks it into large pieces that he then hands down to each of his four children (my aunt, uncles, and father). Then, these family members break their pieces into smaller sizes and pass them out to their own children. Once the last piece is passed down to the youngest, we say a prayer (做祷告) and eat the piece of thin bread.
Polish people celebrate “Imieniny”, or Name’s Day. This day is more important than one’s birthday. They often name their children after a saint (圣徒) whose day is closest to the date that they were born on. Then their saint’s day that they were named after becomes their “new” birthday. On Name’s Day, families and friends gather together and enjoy a variety of food, drinking, and dancing.
As you can see, Poland has a few very unique (独特的) traditions and customs. I honor my Polish culture and will pass it on to my own children because it is important to know one’s own culture.
1. A Polish person’s Imieniny is ________.| A．a day to visit families and friends |
| B．more important than Name’s Day |
| C．near to his or her birthday |
| D．a day to honor a saint |
| A．the store clerk will keep it |
| B．the product will be changed |
| C．the store clerk will check the money |
| D．the product will be returned to the store |
| A．his grandfather | B．his uncle |
| C．his aunt | D．his father |
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【推荐1】If you look on the Internet, you will see that almost every day of the year celebrates some kind of food. These “holidays” have become very popular across the United States. They give people a chance to enjoy something they might not eat normally, like National Onion (洋葱) Ring Day, for example. Food holidays also give restaurants and other businesses a chance to promote their products.
But where did these American “holidays” come from? Many are the invention of an Alabama man, John-Bryan Hopkins. He writes about food for his Foodimentary. com website. Hopkins told Time magazine that when he began his site in 2006, there were only 175 “holidays.” “I filled in the rest,” he said.
The National Day Calendar has a list of all the different food and non-food related “holidays.” In the past, the website used to let anyone create their own day—for a price. But now, the site only accepts requests from businesses and other organizations.
While some food “holidays” are indeed made-up, many have historical roots. For example, National Beer Day on April 7 marks the end of a U. S. ban on the production, transport, import and sale of alcoholic drinks. The ban lasted from 1920 until 1933.
The Salvation Army, a Christian group, launched U. S. National Doughnut Day on June 1, 1938. It was meant to honor women who served soldiers doughnuts during World War I.
But not everyone likes food holidays. Bethany Jean Clement is a food writer for the Seattle Times newspaper. She wrote, “I get that some people might be excited by, say, National Doughnut Day. But you really can have a doughnut any day you want!”
Tavi Juarez, also of Foodimentary. com, thinks national food holidays are here to stay. She told the Seattle Times, “In my modest opinion, I believe that food holidays will continue to grow in popularity online because there’s a lot of negativity (消极) out there. Why not choose to celebrate food instead?”
1. Why does the website accept others’ own day?| A．To promote traditional food. | B．To make money. |
| C．To create new holidays. | D．To attract more viewers. |
| A．Law. | B．War. |
| C．Right. | D．Custom. |
| A．John-Bryan Hopkins. | B．The Salvation Army. |
| C．Bethany Jean Clement. | D．Tavi Juarez. |
| A．Good Chances to Enjoy Particular Foods. |
| B．Traditional American Foods on the Internet. |
| C．Tricks of Businesses: Promotion of Products. |
| D．National Food Days: An American Tradition. |
In Britain，it's bottoms up from the week before Christmas till the last firework explodes in the sky announcing the new year,．The last Friday before Christmas popularly known as‘Mad Friday’—is one of the busiest periods for the country’s pubs and clubs．
But it's not just the bars that get busy．Ambulances and A&E departments around Britain get packed out too．Head injuries,，cuts，falls…it's easy to end up hurting yourself or others when self-control disappear and your head is spinning due to alcoho1．Revelers(纵酒狂欢的人)have been warned by the health authorities about the dangers of deadly drinking but drinking crazily seems to be part of the festivities for some．
The charity Alcohol Concern is running a campaign of restriction by encouraging people to have a dry January．
Jackie Ballard，the charity’s Chief Executive，believes the campaign has been successful in recent years．She says：“More than two-thirds of people even six months later are drinking at reduced levels having had a month off drink．But also a study has shown the impact it has on people’s health reducing their blood pressure and blood sugar levels．”
The study by the University of Sussex followed up nearly 900 participants in Alcohol Concern’s Dry January campaign and found out that 72％of them had kept harmful drinking sessions down and 4％were still not drinking．
Moderation(适度)seems to be the key to everything．The official recommendation for women is not to regularly drink more than 2 to 3 units of alcohol a day．The limit for men is 3 to 4 units of alcohol—no more than a pint of 5．2％ABV lager，beer or cider．
1. The last Friday before Christmas is called．“Mad Friday”because_________．
| A．people stay up too late |
| B．people go out and drink a lot |
| C．firework explodes in the sky |
| D．people go shopping madly |
| A．The atmosphere of the bars． |
| B．The effect of drinking too much． |
| C．The customs of the festivities． |
| D．The importance of the health authorities． |
| A．many people stop drinking |
| B．people drink more than before |
| C．people can improve their health |
| D．people’s blood pressure increases |
| A．Women shouldn’t drink any alcoho1． |
| B．People should stay away from alcoho1． |
| C．Men may drink 3 to 4 units of alcohol at least． |
| D．Moderate alcohol drinking can be accepted． |
【推荐3】You don't have to be a fan of math to get excited about Pi ("π") Day. While the event, which is also Albert Einstein's birthday. may start with some calculations, it is more likely to conclude with a slice or two of delicious pie. The holiday is held every March 14, because "π" is widely recognized as 3.14.
The tradition of honoring "π" began at San Francisco's Exploratorium Museum. On March 14,1988, physicist Larry Shaw convinced his colleagues to mark the day by marching around one of the museum's circular spaces and consuming fruit pies. The celebration was made official in 2009 when the US House of Representatives set aside March 14 as Pi Day.
Today, Pi Day is observed in many creative ways.
Students at the California Institute of Technology in Los Angeles host a pie-eating event, which begins at 1:59 am and features 26 pies, each of five different flavors of the popular dessert. Though that might seem random, the date (3.14), time (1:59), number of pies (26), and number of varieties (5) recreate the first nine digits of Pi 3.14159265!
Students applying for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston eagerly wait for the day every year to find out if they have been accepted. However, instead of sending out the offers at 3:14 pm, the institution waits till 6:28 pm, as 6. 28 is referred to as Tau, which is Pi multiplied by 2. The number is believed to be much more reliable than Pi by some experts and even has its own celebration on June 28. Since 2017, MIT has also used Pi Day as a fundraiser to support its students, departments and programs.
The town of Princeton, New Jersey, where Einstein lived from 1935 until his death in 1955, celebrates the occasion with multi-day festivities that end on March 14. Visitors can participate in concerts, shows, as well as pie-eating, pi-recitation, and Einstein-lookalike contests.
1. Where was Pi Day originally celebrated?| A．In San Francisco. | B．In Los Angeles. | C．In Cambridge. | D．In Princeton. |
| A．In1955. | B．In1988. | C．In2009. | D．In2017. |
| A．Inform applicants of admission results. | B．Conduct a calculating test. |
| C．Organize a march around the campus. | D．Make desserts of different flavors. |
| A．To instruct. | B．To introduce. | C．To persuade. | D．To explain. |
【推荐1】Each country has its own secret to happiness. If “pyt”, which means “don’t worry about it and stuff happens”, explains the relaxed attitude of Danish people, “niksen” will reveal how Dutch people combat (对抗) stress and burnout (倦怠) in a fast-paced lifestyle.
The term “niksen” origins from the Dutch word “niks”, which refers to “nothing”. Mindfulness, another welcome subject to help people have a peaceful mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is not about concentrating on the present moment. It’s about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation.
In practice, this means “hanging around, looking at your surroundings, or listening to music as long as it’s without purpose,” according to Time Magazine.
Niksen sounds contrary (矛盾的) to the advice we were all given as kids. Nowadays, we’re constantly told to stay busy and work harder than everyone else. But niksen opposes that mentality (心态). It offers the chance to “deliciously do nothing”, as Carolien Hamming, a coach at CSR Centrum, an organization devoted to fighting stress and burnout in the Netherlands, told Time.
She thinks that niksen is essential (重要的) to staying healthy, since it’s a form of mental relaxation and healing (治愈). Just as a wild animal lies in wait for their prey (猎物), niksen seems to be a natural state of being.
For some people, niksen can mean more than just stress reduction. It’s also a way to imagine new ideas or plans. As an early adopter of niksen, Jenny Holden, a communications expert in the UK, adds it to her daily lunch breaks. “Within 10 minutes of doing nothing – just staring and listening to myself – my head began to clear and sort out my work and home to-do lists,” she told the MetroUK.
Above all, niksen is a suggestion for balancing work and rest. As Dutch-born writer Ogla Mecking wrote in US-based Whoolly Magazine, niksen is the “thorough enjoyment of life’s pauses”.
Everyone is encouraged to embrace your niksen moments. They revitalize (使恢复元气) you and give you the strength needed to face everyday challenges.
1. What does niksen means?| A．Living in the moment. |
| B．Being free and doing nothing. |
| C．Using your wildest imagination. |
| D．Leading a healthy lifestyle. |
| A．niksen can shorten the distance between people |
| B．how niksen improves one’s mental health |
| C．niksen is closely related to stress reduction |
| D．niksen helps people come up with new thoughts |
| A．long |
| B．full |
| C．unexpected |
| D．quiet |
| A．An introduction to the Dutch lifestyle. |
| B．Suggestions on how to balance work and rest. |
| C．The importance of allowing time to pause life. |
| D．An explanation of some Danish words about life attitudes. |
The festival doctor will see you now.
| Complaint | Prescription (处方) | Dosage (剂量) |
| Guilty | Restart yourself at the Wanderlust Festival. | A weekend at any Wanderlust Festival should restrain some of the shame you are feeling. Empty your mind with meditation (冥想) sessions in the mountains of America or adjust your feelings with a sound bath in Santiago, Chile. |
| Sad | A healthy dose of laughter at Just for Laughs in Montreal, Canada in July. | Have fun at the largest comedy festival, which attracts more than two million ha-ha hunters every summer. Apart from 250 comedy acts, there will be walkabout theatre, circus acts and lots of new comedy films to make you laugh to tears. |
| Over- thinking | Get nourishing food for your thought at the UK’s How The Light Gets In in May. | Spend a week or so in the company of like-minded individuals and you will see you are not the only one overt hinking things. The world’s largest philosophy festival, held in Hareous Wye, will have talks, debates and classes on culture, philosophy, politics, art and science. |
| Heart- broken | Find one of your favorite fish in the sea at Ireland’s matchmaking festival in June. | A week at Liverpool’s matchmaking festival could be a choice as Ireland’s mythical matchmakers (媒人) have been pairing lovers together for centuries. Try to find Willie Dally, a fourth-generation matchmaker, for your best chance of ever lasting love. Those who touch his lucky book are said to fall in love and marry within six months. |
1. When celebrating the festival Just for Laugh in Montreal, you will __________.
| A．empty your mind with meditation sessions |
| B．burst into tears by watching comedy films |
| C．be thrilled and your depression will be removed |
| D．have discussions on the meaning of life |
| A．the Wanderlust Festival |
| B．Ireland’s matchmaking festival |
| C．Just for Laughs |
| D．How The Light Gets In |
| A．offering a cure through the festival form |
| B．celebrating the festivals with the patients |
| C．treating people falling ill during festivals |
| D．listening to people’s complaints during festivals |
【推荐3】It was a harvest year for women activists. Here are four inspiring women in 2018.
Josephine Majani
In August 2013. Josephine Majani came to a hard hallway floor in the Bungoma District Hospital. She heard nurses yelling. She was helpless. Majani has no memory of being slapped (掌掴)，but when she regained consciousness her cheeks stung. Her experience was captured on video.
In February of this year, the court issued a landmark ruling awarding Majani $25,000, requiring that hospital staff formally apologize to her and demanded women be given quality care and treated with dignity during childbirth.
Man Kaur
Man Kaur is 101, but her routine could tire most 20s. Every day she wakes up at 4:00 a. m., bathes, washes clothes, makes tea, recites prayers until about 7:00 a. m. And then she goes to the track for an hour of sprinting (短跑) practice. And she's not just doing it for fun. Kaur is a world record holder in her age group. Now you may be thinking.. . is she really 101?
Nadia Murad
In August 2014, Nadia Murad was one of the women who were captured by ISIS and forced into sexual slavery. Three months later, she escaped. She has shared her painful story with international media outlets to show the world what happened to Yazidis. She has become a voice for captive women and girls in the process. In 2018, she became the co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Maria Garcia Ramos
Maria Garcia Ramos, 32, a disability activist from Mexico, has been using a wheelchair since she was 14 due to an illness. She advocates policy that advance rights for women with disabilities. She shares the biggest misunderstanding of people with disabilities: “People instantly think that a person with disabilities is broken or missing something.”
1. What is Josephine Majani’ s biggest contribution?| A．She inspired other women to do the impossible. |
| B．She made others understand the disabled better. |
| C．She made women’ s voice heard by the outside world. |
| D．She demanded quality and dignity for women during childbirth. |
| A．She lives an active life. |
| B．She is not really 101. |
| C．She does sprinting practice for fun. |
| D．She receives an award from a hospital. |
| A．Josephine Majani | B．Man Kaur | C．Nadia Murad | D．Maria Garcia Ramos |
| A．For escaping from the ISIS. |
| B．For voicing for captive women and girls. |
| C．For holding a world record in running. |
| D．For charging the hospital for abuse. |
