Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met? We often get the first impression of the person based on the color of the person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dresses. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviour.
Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their emotional states. Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face and eyes---be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness---so we can express them without ever saying a word. For this reason, most of us rely heavily on what we learn through our eyes.
Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions. More importantly, those first messages usually influence the perception(感知) of everything else that follows. Even how we select friends and partners is grounded in first impressions with nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, values and customs in different cultures. When, where, how, and to whom people display their specific nonverbal behaviour is greatly affected by cultures and contexts. Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behaviour is. For example, feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies. It may be appropriate in some countries for men to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these displays of affection may be shocking. Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping one’s fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude.
1. Why can we know a person’s feelings through our eyes?| A．A person’s feelings can be reflected in his face. |
| B．A person’s emotions can be reflected in his eyes. |
| C．A person’s feelings can be reflected in his body language. |
| D．A person’s feelings can be reflected in his posture. |
| A．Meaning can be conveyed both by words and body language. |
| B．We can use nonverbal communication to learn about a person’s emotional states. |
| C．We often get the first impression by what a person says. |
| D．The first impression can affect what we will do next. |
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．Five |
| A．We can use different ways to express friendship. |
| B．Snapping your fingers to call a waiter is acceptable. |
| C．Learning a country’s culture is very important. |
| D．Different cultures have different meanings of nonverbal behaviour. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Differences Between American and British English
While there are certainly preferences in use, it is generally agreed that American English and British English are both “correct”. The differences between American and British English include grammar, vocabulary and spelling.
Minor Grammar Differences
The Use of the Present Perfect
In British English, the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example: I’ve lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
In American English, the following is also possible: I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
In British English, the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences include already, just and yet.
British English: I’ve just had lunch. /I’ve already seen that film. /Have you finished your homework yet?
American English: I just had lunch. /I’ve just had lunch. /I’ve already seen that film. /I already saw that film. /Have you finished your homework yet? /Did you finish your homework yet?
Two Forms to Express Possession
There are two forms to express possession in English: have or have got.
She has a beautiful new home.
She’s got a beautiful new home.
While both forms are correct, have got is generally the preferred form in British English, while most speakers of American English use have(do you have, he doesn’t have, et. )
The Verb Get
The past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English.
American English: He’s gotten much better at playing tennis.
British English: He’s got much better at playing tennis.
“Have got” is used predominately in British English to indicate “have” in the sense of possession. Strangely, Americans will also use “have got to” to mean “have to”.
Vocabulary
The largest difference between British and American English lies in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties. For example:
American English: Don’t be so mean to your sister!(=unkind)
British English: She’s so mean that she won’t even pay for a cup of tea.(=not generous)
Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. For example:
American English—truck
British English—lorry
Spelling
Some general differences between British and American spellings are with the endings. Typical examples are “color, realize”(American English) and “colour, realise” (British English).
1. The differences between American and British English lie in ________according to the passage.| A．vocabulary, spelling and grammar | B．grammar, verb forms and vocabulary |
| C．sentence patterns, spelling and some verb forms | D．small differences in spelling, sounds and sentences |
| A．Have you got a car? | B．I’ve got to go. |
| C．I already had lunch. | D．color |
| A．American English and British English are the only two types of English taught in the world. |
| B．Language users are encouraged to freely use the two varieties of English. |
| C．Good users of English write one of the varieties of English consistently. |
| D．Sometimes there is only one correct use, either American English or British English. |
【推荐2】The Danger of Overusing Exclamation Marks (感叹号)
I’m well-known for my cheerfulness. Even on my worst days, I still put on a happy face to communicate with people.
I used to catch myself using exclamations at the end of every sentence in emails to express friendliness.
The reality is that I’m not always excited to hear from someone I don’t know.
Sure, people will think I’m nice, but I sacrifice a lot in this process. First, when I manage others’ feelings in this way, I’m putting my own needs second.
| A．I’m not always happy to help |
| B．I used to be hesitant to refuse others |
| C．Chances are that you’ve sent those emails too |
| D．Managing others people’s feelings is exhausting |
| E．There are many ways to build a connection beyond punctuation |
| F．This behaviour can be found in my emails as exclamation marks |
| G．Now I use exclamations only when it feels honest and authentic |
【推荐3】Read a few news headlines and you’ll see some common themes: the rising number of languages dying worldwide, the isolation of individual last speakers, and the wider cultural loss for humanity. These stories often mention how people try to protect such languages. However, they tend to focus less on how such efforts actually help speakers of endangered languages. Such efforts sometimes help, sometimes harm, and sometimes do both.
Encouraging someone to keep speaking a declining minority language could certainly boost his or her sense of identity. But when a bigger language is adopted somewhere, it doesn’t remove everything that came before. Often, intense contact between big and small languages leads to a new mixture - for example, Sheng in Kenya and Tsotsitaal in South Africa. In other cases, such language contact results in a new localized dialect. As linguist Peter Trudgill argues, this can also hold a highly local identity.
Sure enough, enabling a people to use their traditional language can make them feel better about themselves. But is it really helping them? Simply adding your ancestral language as a new school subject isn’t very helpful if your school is falling down, or you’re not eating well. To think anything much can be solved just by performing CPR (心肺复苏) in a minority language is to ignore how complicated human society is and how many different simultaneous (同时的) needs we have.
In Québec, Canada, just under 75% of residents have French as their native language, but the percentage has fallen over the past five years. In 2022, the Québec Legislature passed Bill 96, which requires people to only use French for official speech and writing. This is an example of the prioritization of language, yet it’s unclear whether the law will actually improve Québec residents’ lives, or even help preserve French in Québec.
So promoting endangered languages can be a positive force, but we shouldn’t assume that’s universally true. It is especially difficult for a language expert to say so. Perhaps we should focus less on languages themselves, and pay more attention to the lives of the people who speak them.
1. What do the news stories about languages usually focus on?| A．The efforts to save endangered languages. |
| B．The future development of our languages. |
| C．The cultural functions of languages worldwide. |
| D．The problem with promoting language uniformity. |
| A．The separation from the past. | B．The enrichment of local cultures. |
| C．The loss of social interaction. | D．The preservation of people’s identity. |
| A．It will take ages to see its effect. |
| B．It requires more attention to native speakers. |
| C．It will guarantee a win-win result. |
| D．It needs more focus on languages themselves. |
| A．How to Improve Minority Language Speakers’ Life |
| B．How to Boost Minority Language speakers’ Identity |
| C．Promotion of French in Canada: Fruitful or Fruitless |
| D．Endangered Language Protection: Helpful or Harmful |
【推荐1】Body language is a part of non-verbal language. It includes things like the way you stand, gestures, facial expressions, and even small things like a nod of the head. We frequently communicate both bodily and verbally and about 70% of what we communicate may be non-verbal.
There are many ways to learn to understand body language but we must be aware that it is frequently connected to a culture. Still, since most of us live in one area where body language may be similar among people, it's important to know that you can communicate a lot by how you gesture. A person in much of the US who sits with hands crossed over the chest, and with legs crossed,may be sending a message that they're really not open to talking.
Eye contact is another key element of non-verbal contact in much of the Western world. Looking someone in the eyes enough but not too much may indicate that you're direct and frank.
How we gesture can tell people the level of confidence we have, or if we're a little too insistent on our opinions. Huge gestures may mean we have something to prove. Moderate gestures may simply suggest we're involved and confident in what we have to say.
Even the way you turn your head, shrug, yawn, look at your watch may all be forms of non-verbal communication that send clear signals to other people. Looking at your watch when you're in a meeting with your boss can send the message that you're bored.
If you really think your body language is improper or needs improvement, opening this book on non-verbal communication can help. You can also compare your gestures with those in the video to see if you are sending right messages.Confident body language common to a culture can be learned and may make you appear more confident or direct.
1. Which of the following is not included in body languages?| A．Eye movement. | B．Facial expressions. |
| C．Gestures. | D．Accent. |
| A．Crossing your arms while standing. | B．Looking at your watch frequently. |
| C．Using moderate gestures. | D．Always staring at the interviewers. |
| A．Body language is cultural. |
| B．Body language is equal to nonverbal language. |
| C．People from different places have the same meaning of a gesture. |
| D．Body language plays a slightly important role in our communication. |
| A．To give some suggestions on body language. |
| B．To advertise a book on body language. |
| C．To list some body language types. |
| D．To introduce something about body language. |
【推荐2】Non-verbal Communication
When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate non-verbally (不用语言地). Before saying anything, people communicate non-verbally or by making gestures. According to an investigation (调查), only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal. When people don’t know the language, the most common way to communicate is through gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, for example, nodding your head up and down means “yes”. In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean “no”. In Southeast Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying “I’ve heard you”.
In ancient Rome, when the emperor wanted to spare someone’s life, he would put his thumb up. Today in the United States, when someone puts his/her thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.
In the United States, raising your clasped (握紧的) hand above your head means “I’m the champion” or “I’m the winner”. It is the sign prizefighters make when they win a fight. When a leading Russian statesman (政治家) made this gesture after a White House meeting, Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner. In Russia, however, it is a sign of friendship.
There are other non-verbal signals that you should be aware of when you go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers. Americans stand closer to each other than English people. English people don’t like touching somebody or being touched. Now in America, touch is important. Friends touch each other on the arm, for example. They often put an arm around a friend when they say “Hello” or “Goodbye”.
1. It is very important to know how to communicate non-verbally when you are in another country because ________.| A．most people speak different languages |
| B．much of our communication is non-verbal on many occasions |
| C．people usually make gestures before saying anything |
| D．it’s easy to learn how to express oneself through gestures |
| A．he meant Russia was the winner | B．he was insulting America |
| C．he wanted to show friendship to America | D．he in fact meant nothing at all |
| A．not to touch them | B．to stand close to them |
| C．to put an arm around them | D．not to show your feelings |
【推荐3】We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace (优雅) without working at it.
Slouching (佝背)
Slouching is a huge no-no.
Weak Handshaking
It’s programmed in our minds to consider somebody with a weak handshake as untrustworthy. Unfortunately, there’s no way around it—you either have a firm handshake and appear trustworthy or you don’t. It’s not a good idea to have a crushing (太用力的) handshake, either.
Rolling Your Eyes
This is the classic way of showing discomfort or anger.
Leaning (倾斜) Back
| A．So try to stand straight |
| B．If you want your body to make the same impression |
| C．Sitting backward a bit can be good for your conversation |
| D．All cultures are different in terms of proper social conduct |
| E．But it’s one of the most commonly made body- language errors |
| F．It can feel good to respond to a silly statement by rolling your eyes |
| G．You can respond with similar amount of pressure that your shaking partner gives |
【推荐1】A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days or weeds (say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal.
Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids”, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.
The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of tae vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day.
Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources.
A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed.
Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking.
1. A vegetarian is a person who _____.| A．eats the meat of animals only | B．eats the vegetable only |
| C．drinks milk only | D．eat nothing at all |
| A．more proteins | B．more nutrients |
| C．more minerals | D．more amino-acids |
| A．Johnny ran off as fast as his legs could carry him. |
| B．Gandhi drank some orange juice to break his three-week fast. |
| C．I always keep my watch 15 minutes fast. |
| D．The rainforests are being chopped down at an alarmingly fast rate. |
| A．to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetable food than animal food |
| B．cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestible |
| C．milk is the best source of usable animal protein |
| D．the most common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins |
| A．Vegetarianism is not good for one’s health. |
| B．Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults. |
| C．A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition. |
| D．One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods. |
【推荐2】Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming dangers, scientists say. The extremely fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.
Several car manufacturers (制造商) are already using 5G in their vehicles, including as a tool to help serve in the generation of self-driving vehicles.
Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual (手动的) cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents, which according to the World Health Organization account for more than 1. 3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year, will drop really as a result.
Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said, “To have a better idea of what the future vehicles will look like, think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan what’s around them, they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several square miles. With the help of 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that reminds drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will transmit warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.”
A few manufacturers are already working on connected cars. Of them, Ford told its intention to fit 80 percent of its future vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?| A．How cars can be equipped with 5G. |
| B．Skills of drivers’ avoiding dangers ahead. |
| C．How cars can be controlled by relevant departments. |
| D．Benefits of 5G to traffic safety by sharing information. |
| A．Their engines. | B．Their reliability. |
| C．Their appearance. | D．Their speed. |
| A．To state that people could have avoided traffic accidents if careful. |
| B．To express that traffic accidents happen more frequently. |
| C．To indicate traffic accidents are somewhat under control. |
| D．To show the serious consequences of traffic accidents. |
| A．The future cars can be available within the next several years. |
| B．It is hard for future cars to use sensors to scan what’s around them. |
| C．The future cars will only transmit warning messages to other cars around them. |
| D．The future cars can talk to each other over an area covering about dozens of square miles. |
Ten years ago, no one thought that using computers could become compulsive behavior that could affect the social and physical life of computer users. Such behavior has seriously affected teenagers and college students. They are likely to log(写日志) on computers and spend long hours at different websites.
They become hooked(着迷) on computers and gradually their social and school life is affected by this situation. They spend all free time surfing and don’t concentrate on homework, so this addiction influences their grades and success at school. Because they can find everything on the websites, they hang out there. Moreover, this addiction to websites influences their social life.
They spend more time in front of computers than with their friends. The relation with their friends changes. The virtual life becomes more important than their real life. They have a new language that they speak in the chat rooms and it causes cultural changes in society.
Because of the change in their behavior, they begin to isolate themselves from society and live with their virtual(虚拟的) friends. They share their emotions and feelings with friends who they have never met in their life. Although they feel confident on the computer, they are not confident with real life friends they have known all their life. It is a problem for the future. This addictive behavior is beginning to affect all the world.
1. The main idea of the passage is about ________.
| A．the popularity of weboholism |
| B．the advantage of weboholism |
| C．the effect of weboholism |
| D．the cause of weboholism |
| A．weboholism has the greatest effect on teenagers |
| B．students can hardly balance real and virtual life |
| C．people are addicted to games on the Internet |
| D．virtual life is more vivid and attractive than real life |
| A．People addicted to the web often become inactive in real life. |
| B．The chat room language may change social culture. |
| C．The problem will be getting more and more serious later. |
| D．It leads to the development of the web. |
