【推荐3】Traditional Chinese education required scholars to learn the Confucian classics. And they were taught certain rites (礼仪) connected with ancestor worship, but were by no means supposed to have the beliefs which the rites would seem to imply, placing no barrier in the way of free intellectual (理智的) suspicion. An easy and elegant suspicion was the attitude expected of an educated adult; anything might be discussed, but it was slightly rude to reach very positive conclusions. Chinese education produced stability and art; it failed to produce progress or science. Perhaps this may be taken as what is to be expected of suspicion.

Confucianism in Japan never produced the cultured suspicion which characterized the Chinese scholars. The aim of Japanese education is to produce citizens who shall be devoted to the national greatness through the training of their passions, and useful to it through the knowledge they have acquired. However, their religion, which must not be questioned even by university professors, involves doubtful history and, therefore, many kinds of progress are scarcely possible, and the products of Japanese education are likely to be too stubborn. Neither suspicion nor stubbornness is what education should produce. What education should produce is a belief that knowledge is attainable, though with difficulty; that much of what passes for knowledge at any given time is likely to be more or less mistaken, but that the mistakes can be corrected. This state of mind is rather difficult but in fact the scientific temper. Knowledge, like other good things, is difficult, It not impossible; the stubbornness forgets the difficulty, and the suspicion denies the possibility. Both are mistaken.

Doctor Arnold’s system, which has remained in force in English public schools, had another inadequacy. The aim was to train men for positions of authority and power, whether at home or in distant parts of the Empire. The noble, if they are to survive, need certain virtues; these were to be educated at school. The product was to be energetic and physically fit, possessed of certain unchangeable beliefs, with high standards of morality, and convinced that it had an important mission in the world. However, intellect was sacrificed, because it might produce suspicion.

【推荐1】A woman’s husband divorced her because she spent too much time on the Internet. But she continued to surf the World Wide Web. She did this so often that she forgot to take her children to the doctor or get the kids enough food. Her husband asked the court for the children.

But he needed someone to support her illness. “I had to write a letter to the judge,” said Dr. Jonathan Kandell. “The judge did not believe there was such a thing as Internet addiction.”

Is there? Some psychologists say that Internet addiction is real, just like gambling or drug abuse.

At the University of Maryland, a doctor started an Internet addiction support group after he watched a few addicted students nearly failed school.

How can you tell if you have an abnormal pattern of Internet use? Do you need to spend increased amounts of time on the Internet to achieve satisfaction? And when you’re not online, do you have fantasies or dreams about the Internet?

Tyler Johnson, 17, a high school senior in Abbotsford, British Columbia, spends more than six hours a day online and more than an hour reading his email.

Tyler dropped out of school sports, and now, every day after school until 3 or 4 o’clock in the morning, he plays games on the Internet.

Dr. Kandell guesses that many addicts don’t get help because they don’t know they have a problem. “I think we’re about a year away from having people recognize it’s really a problem,” he said. “It’s out there. There’s no question.”

【推荐2】For more than 140 years, fishers in Laguna, Brazil have formed an unusual partnership with local dolphins. As soon as the fishers spot a dolphin waving its tail, lifting its head, and diving deeply, they race into the water with their nets. Now, a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation and that the animals may be guiding the people. They pay close attention to the humans, timing their actions to maximize their catch. Over the years, dolphins have been showing the fishers “where to stand and when to get ready to throw their nets” in the dark waters. It’s almost as if the dolphins are training the humans.

As much as the fishers were watching the dolphins, the dolphins were also watching the fishers, the study found. Both species must time their actions correctly to catch fish. The people wait with their nets at the ready for a dolphin to approach closely. When a dolphin sees a ready fisher, the animal will give a tip, usually that deep dive, which tells the fisher the mullet (鲻鱼)are right there and it’s time to cast their net. Sometimes, either dolphin or fisher will respond incorrectly, and neither catches fish. Yet, the scientists reported that of nearly 3000 recorded fishing attempts, nearly 46% were successful. To ensure this accuracy, fishers must understand the dolphins’ tips, learning them over time, even it can say. “The dolphins are almost like teachers.”

Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, rushing fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline.

The same fate likely faces the Laguna dolphins if the mullet numbers, which have dropped over the past decade because of overfishing, continue to decline. The practice may escape such a fate, if Brazil regards this dolphin-fisher relationship a cultural heritage, as the scientists propose. “Without mullet,” the expert says, “this partnership will end.”

【推荐3】The brain of a woodpecker(啄木鸟)experiences a seemingly disastrous impact every time its beak(喙)meets wood.“When you see these birds with hard beaks, flexible tongues and strong neck muscles in action, hitting their head against a tree quite violently, then as humans we start wondering how these birds avoid getting headaches or brain damage,” says Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium.

In the past, scientists have suggested the bird’s brain is protected from the impacts, perhaps by a skull(头骨)that acts as a cushion(缓冲物). But Van Wassenbergh wasn’t convinced. So he led a team that set out to settle the issue using high-speed videos of woodpeckers in action.

“We went to four different zoos in Europe where they had woodpeckers and we recorded them at very high frame rates, while they were pecking,” he says.

Although earlier studies have discovered a number of fascinating facts, one of which is that pecking repeatedly can be used by birds to find a mate, the videos revealed some new surprising details. For example, “they close their eyes at the moment they impact the wood,” Van Wassenbergh says, to protect their eyes from pieces of wood. The videos also showed that woodpeckers’ beaks often get stuck in the wood. But they break free almost instantly, thanks to a clever beak design that provides independent motion of the upper and lower beak.

“By analyzing high-speed videos of three species of woodpeckers, we found that woodpeckers do not absorb the shock of the impacts when pecking,” says Van Wassenbergh.

That means the organ repeatedly experiences impacts that would cause an injury in a human brain. Yet the woodpecker brain is unscathed, even after thousands of impacts in a single day. That is possible because a woodpecker’s brain is protected—not by cushioning, but by its tiny size and weight, Van Wassenbergh says.

“An animal that has a smaller size can resist higher-speed impacts,” he says. “That’s a biomechanical law.” Now, it has been confirmed by Van Wassenbergh’s high-speed videos.

【推荐3】Super images from NASA show the Moon’s south pole in incredible detail. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) used a ‘ShadowCam’ (影子相机) to try and take high-resolution pictures. Pictures showed “features and terrain (地形) details that are not visible to LROC”.

Experts at the space organization were interested in the area around the Shackleton Crater because of suspected ice deposits (沉积). Scientists believe layers of the ice deposits have existed on the Moon for millions or billions of years. The ice deposits could serve as an important resource for exploration because they are composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Those gases can be used for rocket fuel or life support systems. Areas like the Shackleton Crater are at an angle so parts of it are never exposed to sunlight. If a person were at the moon’s south pole, the Sun would never rise or set and stay low on the horizon. The South Pole also provides near constant communication with Earth.

It comes as a NASA spacecraft will fly by Earth on Sunday. It’s expected to drop off at least a cupful of rubble (碎石) it grabbed from the asteroid (小行星) Bennu. The sample capsule will land into Utah desert. Its mother ship, the Osiris-Rex spacecraft, quickly leaves to encounter another asteroid. Sunday’s landing marks the end of a 4 billion-mile journey that included reaching the carbon-rich asteroid Bennu. It successfully collected samples, and encountered challenges such as a jammed lid that led to some spillage in space.

It is hoped that findings from the study will help scientists figure out how to deflect (使偏转) Bennu. Bennu is set to dangerously strike Earth with the force of 24 atom bombs on September 24, 2182. The space rock, which is as big as Empire State Building, swings close to our planet every six years. However, the agency says there is a 1 in 2,700 chance it could strike Earth, with disastrous results.