When I was five, I once peeled off the paper that enveloped my crayons and snapped them in two. My great enthusiasm was dampened to find just more crayon inside. When I started writing words with pencils, I would twist them inside a sharpener to see if the pencil lead went all the way through the body. Growing up, I saw my television taken apart to reveal the inner workings that only made sense when I did a degree in physics.
Then I landed a career in engineering, spending six years as part of the team that designed the Shard, a famous building in London. Actually, whether I knew it or not, I was already on a mission to understand how things are formed.
After exploring the big, I decided to turn to the small. I realized whatever matter forms human-made objects, complex devices are made up of fundamental building blocks, without which our complex machinery wouldn’t exist.
It is this idea that inspired my book where I select what I believe are seven core elements that form the basis of the world-the nail, the wheel, the spring, the magnet, the lens, the pump and the string. Together they compose a vast range of innovations in terms of their underlying (潜在的) scientific principles and the fields of engineering they touch. They’ve changed our technology, and had a sweeping impact on our history, arts, culture, communication, political and power structures, etc.
The blender we use to make baby’s food relies on gears (齿轮), which couldn’t exist without the wheel. The speaker on the phone relies on a magnet. Even when we think of larger and more complex objects-diggers, skyscrapers, satellites-we come back to the same seven foundational innovations.
So, look around you, and ask questions about what you see: reignite(重燃) that childhood curiosity. Hopefully, that will inspire you to investigate and lead you to a better understanding of the building blocks of our world.
1. Why does the author mention crayons in paragraph 1?A.To explain his choice of college major. |
B.To demonstrate his fascination with tools. |
C.To highlight his disappointment at the discovery. |
D.To show his early passion for the insides of objects. |
A.His experience in designing buildings. |
B.His understanding of the origin of things. |
C.His finding of the components of machinery. |
D.His perspective on the operation of the world. |
A.They throw light on scientific principles. |
B.They have a profound influence on society. |
C.They mark an era of technological innovation. |
D.They represent the advancement in engineering. |
A.Small Things That Count | B.Big Dreams That Reward |
C.Ask the Right Questions | D.Understand Core Elements |
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【推荐1】Maybe it’s because it was our first purchase as homeowners. The salesman must have spotted just how green we were, so he began persuading. And soon he led us to a classic leather chair. All these years later, I remember he used words like handsome, useful and the thing every living room needed.
We believed him. So we bought that chair just less than $ 100, a great deal in the 1970s for a young couple!
How we loved that chair! It always occupied a place of honor in our various living rooms, moving with us from our first tiny house to our beloved new house.
Somehow, conversations were better on that chair, and life was more fun around it. Three daughters spilled their secrets on it. Old friends seemed to be attracted by it on those wonderful occasions. Crazy as it sounds, that leather chair seemed to have—well, powers. All for good.
At first, we didn’t really care that the leather was showing signs of wear or that it had lost its sheen (光泽). But in our most recent move, when the chair was moved in our new living room, it suddenly looked terribly lonely sitting close to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny new tables.
My husband and I tried but still we couldn’t ignore the rough spots. Our chair had a skin disease. Even our adult kids raised eyebrows, urging us to at least remove the chair to some dark comer of the room. Neither of us could imagine such a retirement for it.
So we had an idea. We’d call in an upholsterer (修理工)to give our old chair a whole new life. Our friend Joe studied the chair and then took out a simple leather conditioner. He explained that although it wouldn’t work miracles, it would definitely get our weary chair looking younger again. It certainly doesn’t look new, but its seat and back are shining, and some of its deeper wrinkles have lightened.
Best of all, it’s back in the living room, looking like a wise old friend to the furniture around it. And, yes, there it will stay. Because some things, like some people, just deserve a happy old age.
1. How did the salesman persuade the author into buying the chair?A.By thinking highly of the author. | B.By describing how great the chair was. |
C.By saying that the author was green. | D.By comparing the chair with others. |
A.Family activities and parties of friends. | B.Various functions of the chair. |
C.Sweet memories with the chair. | D.People’s comments on the chair. |
A.Because she was persuaded by Joe. | B.Because she didn’t have enough money. |
C.Because it showed signs of damage. | D.Because it couldn’t match her new house. |
A.Old friends and wine are best. | B.From saving comes having. |
C.It is never too late to mend. | D.East or west, home is best. |
【推荐2】The daughter shouted as soon as she entered the door, “This world is too unfair!” It turned out that she was talking to her deskmate while having a math class. She was caught by the teacher. And finally she and her deskmate were both punished.
“It’s fair. I said. ” That’s not fair! There were clearly several classmates who were talking at the time, but the teacher stared at us and only punished us,” she said angrily.
I knew that my daughter cared about this matter. I asked her, “Should you be punished for speaking in class?” She nodded, but said at the same time, “It is unfair for me that the teacher didn’t punish other students who spoke!” I told her, “Don’t talk about others. Just look at yourself. Was it wrong to punish you?” She lowered her head and answered, “No.” I said, “That’s fair! You know what the price of speaking in class is. You did it and got the punishment. So it’s fair. The teacher didn’t punish others, because she could choose to forgive, but it didn’t mean unfair.” My daughter could not understand. But she was not as angry as the moment she entered the door.
People are often like this. Standing and looking at themselves, they are very clear about what they are doing. They also know what their rewards and punishments should be, but the unfair mentality (心理) is that when they look up at others. The feeling about unfair comes from comparing with others. The most important thing is to understand fairness in a deeper way, not only from your point of view!
1. The daughter thought it was unfair because ________.A.the teacher stared at her and her deskmate |
B.she and her deskmate were talking in class |
C.only she and her deskmate were both punished |
D.other classmates were punished while she wasn’t |
A.The daughter needn’t care about this matter. |
B.The price of speaking in class was to be punished. |
C.It was wrong for the teacher to punish her daughter. |
D.It was unfair for the teacher to forgive other students. |
A.We should look at ourselves in a deeper way. |
B.The unfair mentality comes from comparing with ourselves. |
C.People are very clear about all the rewards and punishments. |
D.To understand fairness not only comes from our point of view. |
【推荐3】The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.
My kids tell me it's unfair to play with the big children. I tell them that's right. Unfairness is a good thing. There is more to be gained by the effort when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair. But unfair things usually can be a boon to you. For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the bird that sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.
I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do that you are in the advantage. Above all, you have to focus on gaining that unfair advantage and in order to do that, build your inner strength, When you empower (武装) yourself, you are gaining skills or abilities, confidence and self-esteem (自尊).
You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want io be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.
You can build all the advantages that you need to live the life that you want. If you haven't yet, you need to make a list of all the things you want to experience in your new life. This will help you focus on building advantages so that you never have to say that it's Not Fair. When you do this then you will be able to realize that unfairness is a good thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.
1. What does the underlined word "boon" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Something that is very terrible. | B.Something that is very helpful |
C.Something that is very kind | D.Something that is very scared |
A.The author wants to introduce his topic |
B.The author wants to support his opinion |
C.He wants tell us that having an advantage is needed |
D.He wants to show skills and attitudes are important in playing games |
A.Just accept it. | B.Thy to change it. |
C.Simply ignore it. | D.Make good use of it. |
A.make yourself better | B.be proud of yourself |
C.have more confidence | D.know others' advantages |
A.The way to live a happy life. | B.The right attitude to unfairness. |
C.Being patient enough to succeed. | D.Staying calm when treated badly. |
【推荐1】Matly Gregg, a 40-year-old former Apple engineer, needed a change in his life. So, he decided he would run across the country.
Gregg wants to run for office in 2022 in New Hampshire and hopes to get in touch with the “real America” by running 5,075 miles across the country before he does so. He is also trying to raise $ 1 million for Firefighter Cancer Support Network. “It’s a great conversation starter with complete strangers,” Gregg said. “I think we can raise $ 1 million, and I also think our firefighters are worth it, especially in light of what’s happening now in California.”
Gregg stated his run on November 6. So far, he has been averaging about 25 miles a day and has made stops in Santa Cruz and Salinas, California. “I’ve had this goal for a very long time, ever since the Terry Fox Story. That movie inspired me to start running as a kid, and running across the country. I always felt it would be something that would change my life.” Gregg said. “My family loves it. We’re all a little ambitious. My coworkers mostly think I’m crazy. My friends love that I’m taking a different path to my life knowing that I was very comfortable at Apple,” Gregg said. “But I see real places in this world where I can make a larger impact, and I need to get out there and learn more before I can help.”
Gregg recently purchased his childhood home on his 40th birthday — the house had been off the market for 20 years. “The idea that I’m running back to it keeps me motivated every day. My father passed away when I was young, and he built that house,” Gregg said. “I’ve only spent two days in it (I haven’t slept in it yet), and I can say nothing will make me more thrilled than the moment when I am to go back to it to explore.”
1. Why does Gregg want to run across the country?A.To prove his ability. | B.To raise money. |
C.To improve his health. | D.To meet strangers. |
A.A movie. | B.A change. | C.A fire. | D.A feeling. |
A.He begins his run al the speed of 25 miles. |
B.He needs more help in the course of running. |
C.His family members are in support of him. |
D.He takes a different path to reach the destination. |
A.Upset. | B.Exhausted. | C.Curious. | D.Excited. |
【推荐2】I was born in a poor community on the north side of Boston, US, raised by a single mother who didn’t finish 3rd grade, lived each day on food stamps and attended what the media called “the most dysfunctional (功能失常的) public school district”. Not many people expected much of me, so I had to expect something of myself.
On my 13th birthday, I bought a poster of Harvard to hang in my room. Being at Harvard became what dreamt about. Even when my electricity was cut off and I woke up at 5:30 am to pitch blackness, I knew that my poster of Harvard was still hanging only two feet away from me.
Reminding myself of my goal each day made it easy to say no to the same choices I saw my peers making, because those paths wouldn’t have gotten me closer to my goal. Even poverty (贫穷 ) could not take away my power to decide what I choose to do with my day. The poster gave me the courage to cold email about 50 Harvard students so I could ask for feedback on my application essays; it gave me the energy to study just one more hour on my SATs when my friends were asleep; and it gave me the determination to submit just one more scholarship application when 180 others had already turned me down.
Every day I could feel myself getting closer and closer to my goal as my writing got better, my SAT score increased, and my scholarship checks started coming in. Finally, an email arrived from Harvard. The first word was “Congratulations!”. A month later, Harvard flew me up to visit the campus where for the first time I stepped onto my dreaming land.
Who you are today is the result of the decisions you made yesterday, and who you will be tomorrow will be the result of the choices you make today. Who do you want to be tomorrow?
1. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph?A.He experienced disability. | B.He grew up in a happy family. |
C.He accepted special education. | D.He had high expectation of himself. |
A.He often wrote feedbacks on others’ essays. |
B.He spent more time preparing for the exams. |
C.He learnt from his peers from time to time. |
D.He consulted his teacher when having problems. |
A.Intelligent and humorous. | B.Courageous and friendly. |
C.Determined and hardworking. | D.Generous and selfless. |
A.Perseverance can make your dream come true. |
B.Explanation of “Failure is the mother of success”. |
C.The longest journey begins with the first step. |
D.Hardship serves as a textbook of life. |
【推荐3】Dropping off my three-year-old boy at preschool, I came across Jessica, a fellow mom in pain about the upcoming Valentine’s Day party craft. Despite my exhaustion (筋疲力尽), I offered to deal with it for her. Later that night, my husband Eric found me cutting out construction paper hearts for Jessica’s project, in addition to the one I’d already prepared for our son’s party. Observing my stress, he questioned why I always put myself in such situations. It was a moment of reflection on my tendency to overpromise and please others, even at the cost of my own well-being.
I often did things I didn’t want to do because I was afraid of disappointing someone. It didn’t take long on the Internet to discover that I’m a people pleaser, eager to earn the acceptance of others. Eric was right. I couldn’t go on like this. So I spoke with two experts to find out how to balance a healthier relationship with helping others.
I told psychotherapist Kate Crocco, author of Drawing the Line: How to Achieve More Peace and Less Burnout in Your Life, about offering to do Jessica's craft. “People pleasers sometimes think that if they don’t bend over backward for others, the other person won’t survive. We need to believe that our friends and family can figure out things for themselves,” she says.
Karen Ehman, author of When Making Others Happy Is Making You Miserable: How to Break the Pattern of People Pleasing and Confidently Live Your Life, says, “People pleasers are often passive about how they spend their time. They can be easily swayed and fill their time with someone else’s plans and then become overwhelmed (被压垮的).”
I wondered if I could learn to say no without feeling guilty (内疚的). Recently hosting the family Easter celebration posed a significant task for my husband, one of eight children, and I needed to help. Meanwhile, the community leader requested my assistance in teaching the kindergarten class on Easter Sunday. Politely, I turned down. The community leader expressed understanding and mentioned seeking other volunteers. While it wasn’t a completely guilt-free refusal, it marked a long-awaited step in the right direction.
1. What problem did the author have?A.She wasn’t good at doing crafts. |
B.She didn’t know how to use Internet. |
C.She struggled with being a people pleaser. |
D.She had difficulty getting on with Jessica. |
A.Accepting others’ choices and lifestyles. |
B.Allowing others to solve their own problems. |
C.Being careful when making friends with people pleasers. |
D.Establishing clear limits when managing work and life. |
A.Influenced. | B.Frightened. | C.Misunderstood. | D.Cheated. |
A.She suggested other volunteers. | B.She hesitated for a while. |
C.She turned a deaf ear to it. | D.She refused it politely. |