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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:840 题号:2034957
Fumbling with the buttons to find a good song while driving has been linked to increased risk of crashes, but is listening to music risky? “It depends on the music,” says a report published in the October issue of Accident Analysis & Prevention.
The study found teenage drivers who played their own music had significantly more traffic violations (违规) compared with background music designed by the researchers to minimize driving distractions, or no music.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University in Israel recruited (招募) 85 drivers about 18 years old; just over half were male. The subjects were each assigned to drive six challenging road trips that were about 40 minutes long, accompanied by an experienced driving instructor. Music was played on four trips, two with selections from the drivers' playlists, mostly fast-paced vocals, and two with background music, which was a mixture of easy listening, soft rock and light jazz designed to increase driver safety. No music was played on two trips. Subjects rated their mood after each trip and in-car data recorders analyzed driver behavior and errors.
All 85 subjects committed at least three errors in one or more of the six trips; 27 received a warning and 17 required steering or braking by an instructor to prevent an accident. When the music was their own, 98% made errors; without the music, 92% made errors; and while listening to the safe-driving music, 77% made errors. Speeding, following too close, inappropriate lane use, and one-handed driving were the common violations.
The male subjects were more aggressive drivers and made more serious errors than female subjects. The teens played their own music at a very loud volume but significantly decreased the sound level when listening to the safe-driving music, researchers said. Mood ratings were highest on trips with driver-preferred music.
1. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A.Many drivers played their favorite music while driving.
B.Drivers shouldn’t search for the buttons to find a good song.
C.Song selection has nothing to do with increased risk of crashes.
D.Listening to certain types of music can increase drivers’ errors.
2. What does the underlined word “subjects” refer to in this passage?
A.Something being discussed.
B.People being written about.
C.People being tested.
D.Areas of knowledge or study.
3. In the research, soft rock and light jazz are likely to _______.
A.increase drivers’ safety
B.add to the pleasure of driving
C.change drivers’ idea of safe driving
D.lower drivers’ guard against danger
4. It can be inferred from the passage that in the research ______.
A.the teens committed the most errors
B.the male were more skillful in driving
C.traveling with no music made the least errors
D.driver-preferred music increased the mood ratings
13-14高三下·山西太原·阶段练习 查看更多[3]

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【推荐1】Music is a language which speaks to everyone — from the day we are born we hear music of some kind of our lives. But there are as many different kinds of music as there are different languages, and it is impossible to describe them all. Here are just a few well-known types.

Classical music is serious Western European music from the Middle Ages to the present (1500 to today) and it was often written for a large orchestra, or for a small group of players. Many instruments can be used. A lot of music was also written to be sung — as opera. Classical music is very popular and schools often teach this type of music.

Jazz developed in the Southern United States at the beginning of last century. The black people of these states, who were originally slaves from Africa, had their own rhythms. Jazz brought classical music and African rhythms together.

Blues was originally black country music from the Southern United States at the beginning of last century. It is slow, usually sad music which is often sung by one person with a guitar.

Rhythm and Blues (R&B) developed from the blues in America in the 1940s. It became faster and more complex and used more instruments, eg. saxophones (萨克斯管), guitars, pianos, drums. The music was often about city life and white musicians started playing it as well.

Musicians in the 1950s developed rock ‘n’ roll from Rhythm and Blues and it became popular with young people. It spread to Europe in the 1960s and is now known in most countries. A lot of pop music comes from rock ‘n’ roll.

Pop music developed from rock ‘ n’ roll in America and Britain in the 1960s and is now in every country. The name is used for most commercial (商业的) music, which we can buy on records and hear on “pop radio”. It is usually played by groups who often use electronic instruments and make videos to go with their records.

1. Which of the following started in the Southern United States?
A.Rhythm and Blues.B.Jazz.
C.Rock ‘n’ roll.D.Pop music.
2. When did rock ‘n’ roll become popular with the young?
A.In the 1950s.B.In the 1940s.
C.In the 1960s.D.In the 1970s.
3. How does the author develop the introduction?
A.By time and people.B.By time and explanations.
C.By questions and events.D.By analysis and reasons.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.How music developed in America.
B.How music spread around the world.
C.Music — an international language.
D.Six types of music and their history.
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【推荐2】Giving children music lessons won’t just introduce them to music—it could also greatly improve their language skills but it isn’t understood if this is a side effect of a general improvement of cognitive (认知的) skills, or something that directly affects language processing.

Now, we are getting closer to an answer, thanks to a study of 74 Chinese kindergarten children, led by Robert Desimone from MIT. For the study, Desimone’s team chose children from the Chinese education system, with the support of education officials who wanted to see how it might improve their learning.

The 4 to 5-year-old Mandarin-speaking children in the study were divided into three groups. One group received a 45-minute piano lesson three times a week, while another received extra reading instruction classes. The third group acted as controls, taking no extra lessons beyond their usual classes.

The classes lasted for six months, after which the children were tested on their ability to tell words based on differences in tones, consonants (辅音) , or vowels (元音). The test results showed that the children who had taken piano lessons performed better at telling the difference between words that differ by a single consonant, when compared with the children who took extra reading lessons. Compared to the control group, both the music learners and the extra reading group did better in telling the difference between words based on vowel differences.

“It looks like for recognizing differences between sounds, including speech sounds, it’s better than extra reading. That means schools could pay more attention to music,” Desimone says. “It’s not worse than giving extra reading to the children, which is probably what many schools are trying to do—get rid of the art education and just have more reading.”

1. What did the third group learn in the study?
A.Ways to improve their study.
B.Extra lessons about reading tips.
C.Three extra piano lessons a week.
D.Nothing else except their usual studies.
2. Which was one of the results of the study?
A.Learning music determined kids’ interest in study.
B.The extra reading group were good at telling vowels.
C.Children taking piano lessons didn’t perform well.
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3. What can we conclude from what Desimone says?
A.Many schools value art education.
B.Schools will increase reading classes.
C.It isn’t wise to cut back on music lessons.
D.Children who learn music perform better at school.
4. Where can we read this passage?
A.In a newspaper.B.In a health report.
C.In a biography.D.In a sports magazine.
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【推荐3】The first drop in what might be a flood of unheard Jackson material is a song called “This Is It“, which Sony had scheduled to send to radio stations on Sunday night. Based on a tape Mr Jackson left behind containing only his piano and vocals, a full arrangement was built, complete with swelling strings and his brothers’ backup vocals. The song is to run with the new Jackson film, perhaps not coincidentally called This Is It. An album containing the track goes on sale 27 October, and the film is due out the next day.

Mr Jackson died on 25 June 2009, and Sony and the Jackson estate have only begun what is expected to be a long process of musical archaeology(考古学). “We probably have at least 100 songs in varying degrees of being finished,” said Rob Stringer, chairman of the Columbia/Epic Label Group, a Sony division. “And we think there probably is a lot more.”

It is not clear when the song was written or recorded, Mr Stringer said, and Sony originally believed that the tape was made around the time of Mr Jackson’s 1991 album Dangerous. But it could have been much earlier, perhaps even as early as the album Off the Wall, from 1979. “We just found the song,” Mr Stringer said. “It was titled’ This Is It’. It was in a box, and we listened to it.” “This Is It” was also to have been the title of Mr Jackson’s 50-concert run in London; Mr Stringer and others with knowledge of the production say the song was not part of it.

One challenge in releasing new music could be security. Both Sony and the estate have kept a tight hold on music and information and went to unusual lengths to prevent “This Is It” from leaking. Radio programmers said they had been told that they would be getting the song at midnight on Sunday—Sony also planned to post it on Michael Jackson official website—and even then they were not allowed to hear it. Even with those protections, 43 seconds of the song leaked over the weekend, apparently from Sony in Japan. Low-quality versions spread quickly.

People who have heard the full track describe it as an inspirational love song. “This is it/ Here I stand,” Mr Jackson sings. “I’m the light of the world/I feel grand.” It is a mid-tempo, major-key ballad, punctuated by light guitar riffs and rich orchestration.

“Wherever ‘This Is It’ comes from, its success on the radio is guaranteed. It will definitely be a spectacle,” said Mr Darden, programme director of a New York hip-hop radio station. “It’s Michael Jackson, and his fans will be his fans forever. Everybody loves him.”

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A.It had become very popular before Mr Jackson died.
B.Jackson’s 50-concert run in London would have had the same name “This Is It”.
C.It’s based on a tape Jackson left behind containing only his piano and vocals.
D.It’s going to run with the new Jackson film in late October.
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A.The tape of the song was made as early as the album Of the Wall in 1979.
B.The song would only be sent to radio stations on Sunday night.
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