Tornadoes are nature’s most violent storms, which can cause deaths and destroy a neighborhood in seconds. A tornado appears as a rotating, funnel-shaped (漏斗形的) cloud that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling winds that can reach 300 miles per hour. Damage paths can be over one mile wide and 50 mileslong. Every state is at some risk from this disaster.
Some tornadoes can be seen clearly, while rain or nearby low-hanging clouds cover others. At many times, tornadoes develop so rapidly that little, if any, advance warning is possible.
Before a tornado hits, the air may become very still. A cloud of debris (散片) can mark the location of a tornado even if a funnel can not be seen. Tornadoes generally occur near the edge of a thunderstorm, when the strong wind may die down. It is not uncommon to see clear, sunlit skies behind a tornado.
The following are facts about tornadoes:
☆The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 MPH, but may vary from still to 70 MPH. Debris is picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel.
☆The average tornado moves southwest to northeast, but tornadoes have been known to move in any direction. Tornadoes are most often reported east of the Rocky Mountains during spring and summer months.
☆Tornadoes can happen together with tropical storms and hurricanes as they move onto land. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water.
☆Peak tornado season in the southern states of America is March through May; in the northern states, it is late spring through early summer. Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m., but can occur at any time.
1. From the passage, we learn that tornadoes come from ______.A.hurricanes | B.great heat |
C.thunderstorms | D.sandstorms |
A.The wind may die down. | B.A clear and sunlit sky may appear. |
C.The air may become still. | D.Its position may be marked by clouds. |
A.only happen in the late hours of the day | B.only move from southwest to northeast |
C.may form over sea water | D.often move at a speed of 70 MPH |
A.tornadoes warning systems are well-developed in many countries |
B.of all the natural disasters, tornadoes cause the greatest damage |
C.tornadoes are mostly seen in the southern states of America |
D.tornadoes may strike so quickly that there is often little or no warning |
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【推荐1】In the winter of 1985, my hometown, Buffalo, experienced a blizzard — not an uncommon occurrence for the region. But this was a big one, and the city’s mayor, Jimmy Griffin, was at pains to persuade people to stop trying to go about their business as conditions worsened. He urged Buffalonians to “relax, stay inside, and grab a six-pack,” which must be the best advice in an emergency situation.
There’s something cartoonish about the threat of a blizzard, in which nature’s anger assumes a fluffy form and tries to kill you. It’s the meteorological equivalent of getting attacked by the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man. And yet, kill it does, through car accidents and heart attacks and other misadventures, usually involving people trying, unwisely, to do something.
Mr. Griffin, therefore known as Jimmy Six-Pack, understood this. The Snow Gods reserve special hatred for those who don’t respect their ability to bring human activity to a standstill. The snow cares not for your deadlines or your happy hour plans. It wants only to fall on the ground and lie there. And it wants you to too.
Needless to say, you should. A snowstorm rewards indolence and punishes busy bees, which is only one of the many reasons it’s the best natural disaster there is.
Time has partly buried my childhood memories of Buffalo’s mighty blizzard of 1977, but I still recall the great drifts that climbed over houses, the spectacle of a world made surprisingly new. It’s a vision that often comes back to my mind every now and then, as we face the terrible prospect of a climate changed by human appetites — the future winters, damp and snow less, that may well await us. So let us all now pause, perhaps over a six-pack, and bear witness as the climate changes us.
1. The writer mentions the mayor of Jimmy Griffin in order to__________.A.introduce a proper way to deal with blizzards |
B.appreciate his contribution to the city’s development |
C.highlight how the climate worsened in his term |
D.explain why blizzards were not uncommon in Buffalo |
A.anger | B.diligence | C.intelligence | D.laziness |
A.annoyed by | B.amazed at | C.pleased with | D.sorry for |
A.Blizzard: a Thing of the Past. | B.In Case of a Snowstorm, Do Nothing. |
C.What Will the Future Winters Be Like? | D.Witness to Climate Change. |
【推荐2】On the day the tornado hit, there was no sign severe weather was on its way—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. My husband Jimmy and I were watching TV upstairs.
No sooner had we got the coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. We had three flights of steps to get through to get to the relative safety of the first floor.
As we struggled to reach the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Pieces of glass that looked like crushed ice flew everywhere. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch flew over our heads, missing us by inches. Had we been one step up, it would have impaled us.
By the time I reached the closet, Jimmy pushed me down to the closet floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I grasped Jimmy’s arm and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees and head were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.
“Hold on! Hold on!” he yelled. But there was nothing in this closet to hold on to.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Jimmy said he’d go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me.”
Our neighbor says the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.
1. Which of the following sentences is NOT the evidence to show the tornado is violent?A.It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. |
B.The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. |
C.Our neighbor says the storm lasted four minutes. |
D.Pieces of glass that looked like crushed ice flew everywhere. |
A.The couple had predicted the arrival of the tornado in advance. |
B.Jimmy flew right out the back of the house and into the bay during the tornado. |
C.The three-foot-tree flew over the couple’s head and injured them badly. |
D.The author still felt scared when the tornado was suddenly over. |
A.She didn’t hurt badly enough to sense the pain. |
B.She was severely injured and failed to sense the pain. |
C.Her attention was fully focused on her husband. |
D.She had let her husband go away from her hand. |
A.A thrilling adventure | B.A narrow escape |
C.A risky attempt | D.A serious accident |
【推荐3】A hydropower (水力发电) station employee who had been missing after a magnitude-6.8 earthquake, on Sept. 5 in Sichuan province, had been found alive on Sept. 21.
Gan Yu, 28, was rescued on Wednesday morning by Ni Taigao, a villager in Yaojin village in Shimian, a county under the administration of Ya’an, Sichuan province, He heard his yell for help in the mountain, according to Shen Xiaobing, head of the township (乡) government.
As the earthquake whose epicenter (震中) is in neighbouring Luding county, in Sichuan’s Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture, damaged Ni’s house in the mountainous village, he had to rent a house down the mountain. Two days ago, Ni returned to the village to feed his sheep and saw rescue workers who were looking for Gan pass his damaged house. As he was familiar with the mountain, he decided to live in a relative’s home in the village with the intention of looking for Gan during the daytime.
At 7 am on Wednesday, he took two bottles of beverages (饮料) and some candies and set out from the relative’s home. After walking for more than two hours, Ni heard somebody yelling for help on a mountain slope and found Gan lying in the forests.
Gan’s clothes were tattered and he had injuries on his legs. Ni immediately called the local government and took out a bottle of beverage for Gan to drink slowly. His mental state was good. He cried and said he was lucky to have met me, Ni said. Gan said he had survived by eating wild fruits and drinking water.
At 11:30 am on Wednesday, the earthquake relief headquarters of Wanggangping township sent 18 rescue workers and two medical workers to the site where Gan had been found. A helicopter sent him to the Luding county seat (县城), where he is receiving treatment in hospital.
The site where Gan had been found in Yaojin has a straight-line distance of more than 10 kilometers from the Wandong Hydropower Station where Gan works. But there are several peaks in the middle, and the road is steep, Shen said. After the earthquake, Gan and Luo stayed in the ruined station without mobile phone signals or food. The earthquake killed 93 people in Sichuan, with 55 in Ganzi and 38 in Ya’an.
1. Why did Ni Taigao live in a relative’s home in the village?A.To look after his relative. | B.To lead rescue workers. |
C.To search for Gan Yu in the day. | D.To feed his sheep during the daytime. |
A.Old. | B.Fashionable. | C.Changed. | D.Torn. |
A.He was asleep when he was found. |
B.He survived by eating plant roots and drinking water. |
C.He was carried to the Luding county seat by helicopter. |
D.He was found at the foot of a mountain beside the forest. |
A.A magnitude-6. 8 earthquake kills 93 people in Sichuan. |
B.Gan and Luo stay in ruined station after magnitude-6. 8 earthquake. |
C.Man missing for 17 days after magnitude-6. 8 earthquake found alive. |
D.Local government tries to save man missing for 17 days after earthquake. |
【推荐1】Amazing Benefits of Listening to Music
If you love listening to music, you’re good company.
★Music makes you happier.
When you listen to music, your brain produces a special matter. It biologically (生物学上) causes listeners to feel emotions like happiness, excitement, and joy. So next time you need an emotional increase, listen to your favorite tunes for 15 minutes.
★
Listening to music you enjoy reduces levels of the stress in your body. This is an important finding since stress causes many illnesses. To stay calm and healthy during a stressful day, turn on the radio.
★Music helps you sleep better.
A study showed that students listening to classical music for 45 minutes slept better than students who did nothing. If you’re having trouble sleeping, try listening to a little Bach or Mozart before bedtime.
★Music helps you eat less.
★Music strengthens learning and memory.
Researchers discovered that music can help you learn and recall information better.
★Music raises IQ and school performance.
Research shows that taking music lessons predicts higher school performance and IQ in young children.
A.Music lowers stress and improves health. |
B.Participants who were musicians learned better with light music. |
C.Musical training can help raise our IQs and even keep us sharp in old age. |
D.Here are amazing scientifically proven benefits of being attracted by music. |
E.Recent research shows that listening to music improves our happiness. |
F.Softening the lighting and music can lead people to eat fewer calories and enjoy their meals better. |
G.To help your children achieve excellence in their studies, encourage them to sing or learn to play an instrument. |
【推荐2】If you have ever had a cat, or have watched one of the many funny cat videos online, you’ll know that cats have a mind of their own. A lot of the things they do are hard to understand—they like to climb up tall furniture, fit themselves in small spaces and attack small objects for no reason at all.
Now scientists have managed to figure out what exactly is going on in the brains of our little friends. According to Tony Buffington, a professor at Ohio State University in the US, cats’ strange behavior largely comes from their way of life back in the wild. “Cats today still have many of the same instincts that allowed them to live in the wild for millions of years.” he said in a TED Talk. “To them, our homes are their jungles.”
In the wild, cats are hunters. Their bodies and great balancing abilities allow them to climb to high spots to better look at the environment. Even though they don’t have to hunt any more in human houses, they still keep the old habit of viewing the living room from, for example, the top of the refrigerator.
Cats’ hunting instinct is also what makes them attack small things like keys and USB drives. In the wild, they hunt whatever they can get, and most of the animals they kill are small.
However, cats can also be prey. This explains why they like to stay in small spaces like drawers or washing machines— they are hiding, or they think they are hiding, from more dangerous animals. This is also why cats prefer a clean box: a smelly one could easily show enemies where they are.
Knowing how cats’ minds work is not only useful for better understanding them. It may also help cats’ owners to better meet cats’ needs. For example, owners could try to make climbing easier for cats by moving their furniture around. They could also use “food puzzles” to make eating feel more like hunting instead of just giving food to the cats.
1. According to Tony Buffington, ________.A.cats’ strange behavior is difficult for humans to understand |
B.cats are more used to living in the wild than in humans’ homes |
C.cats’ instincts are as helpful to them today as they were millions of year ago |
D.cats behave strangely mainly because they still have some instincts in the wild |
A.Cats like to climb up high because they want to hide from dangerous animals. |
B.Cats attack keys and USB drives because they have a habit of hunting small animals. |
C.Cats enjoy staying in small spaces because they usually live in small caves in the wild. |
D.Cats’ preference for a clean litter box has something to do with their hunting habits. |
A.an animal that is hunted |
B.an animal that is too shy |
C.an animal that keeps itself clean |
D.an animal that likes hiding games |
A.describe cats’ past wild experience to readers |
B.explore the reasons for cats’ strange behavior |
C.tell cat owners how to make life easier for cats |
D.compare cats’ behavior in human homes with that in the wild |
【推荐3】If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news—if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.
John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.
Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were more energetic and suffered fewer disease. They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.
The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.
The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell’s energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome when it starts to break down. However, repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.
Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” “They need maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained,” you don’t throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”
“Food,” he said, “isn’t just material to be burned—it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”
1. What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A.They can keep healthy easily. |
B.They need more energy to be active. |
C.They can look younger than they are. |
D.They will live a longer life like humans. |
A.They will completely break down. |
B.They make proteins in the cells slowly. |
C.They will produce high quality proteins more. |
D.They may need more time to repair themselves. |
A.telling a story | B.listing basic data |
C.making comparisons | D.experimenting on mice |
A.Food decides how long you live. |
B.Can you slow down your aging process? |
C.Eating less may help you live longer. |
D.Should your diet be reduced for your health? |
【推荐1】Born in 1965, Shania Twain was the second of five children in her family. At the age of two, she moved with her mother and two sisters to Timmins, a town north of Toronto. When Shania was eight years old, her mother took her to many different bars, clubs and concerts to perform. In high school,Shania joined a local band, with which she often performed. After that, Shania moved to Toronto, where she continued singing.
When Shania was 21 years old, her parents were killed in a car accident. She had to take over the role of parent to her younger siblings (兄弟姐妹). Taking care of two teenage brothers and a sister was a difficult thing. Suddenly, she had to pay the bills, keep food on the table, and make a living. Anyway, Shania managed to pay the bills by singing here and there.
In 1991, Shania went to Nashville, the home of the country music industry. In 1993, she recorded Shania Twain, her first CD. In 1995, her next CD, The Woman in Me, which had eight hit songs, sold more than ten million copies. Her third CD, Come on Over, was also popular and she had another hit song.
Shania and Robert Lange,a famous producer,got married in 1993. After finishing her 2000 world tour, she decided to take a break from performing. In August 2001, they had a lovely son, whom they named Ej a. After September 11th,Shania decided to spend more time on her family and stayed at home until the fall of 2002. Her reappearance(复出) in the music world put her face on magazine covers and country music publications. She also began to promote (宣传)her new CD,Up,on TV shows.
1. According to the text, Shania_________.A.went to Timmins in 1965 | B.was born into a musical family |
C.began singing in public at an early age | D.recorded her first CD in high school |
a. She moved to Nashville.
b. She married Robert Lange.
c. She lost her parents forever.
d. She promoted Up on TV shows.
e. She recorded The Woman in Me.
A.c, b, a, d, e | B.a, c, e, b, d | C.c, a, b, e, d | D.a, b, e, d, c |
A.Why Shania Twain chose to be a singer. | B.A girl’s road to success as a singer. |
C.How difficult it is to become a singer. | D.Shania Twain's opinion on music. |
【推荐2】When your pet has an emergency,first aid is not a substitute for veterinary(兽医的) treatment.However,before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian,knowing some basic first aid can help.
Bite Wounds
Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten.Wear a mask for the animal and then check the wound.Clean the wound with large amounts of saline(盐水). If these are not available,then regular water may be used.Wrap large open wounds to keep them clean.
Bleeding
Apply firm,direct pressure over the bleeding area until the bleeding stops.Hold the pressure for at least 10 minutes.Avoid bandages that cut off circulation.
Breathing Stops
Check to see if the animal is choking(窒息) on a foreign object.If an animal is not breathing,place it on a firm surface with its left side up.Check for a heartbeat.If you hear a heartbeat but not breathing,close the animal's mouth and breathe directly into its nose—not the mouth—until the chest expands.Repeat 12 to 15 times per minute.
Burns
Wash the burn immediately with large amounts of cool,running water.Apply an ice pack for 15-20 minutes.Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin.Wrap the pack in a light towel or other cover.If the animal has large quantities of dry chemicals on its skin,brush them off.Water may activate some dry chemicals.
Fractures(骨折)
Symptoms include pain,inability to use a limb(腿). Wear a mask for the pet and look for bleeding.If you can control bleeding without causing more injury,then do so.Watch for signs of shock.Don't try to set the fractures by pulling the limb.Transport the pet to the veterinarian immediately,supporting the injured part as best as you can.
1. If your pet is burned by chemicals,you should .A.wash away the chemicals with saline |
B.put an ice pack directly on the skin |
C.bind up the cut with a bandage |
D.get rid of them before washing |
A.doing pet first aid |
B.treating sick pets |
C.dealing with an emergency |
D.working as a veterinarian |
A.that is necessary |
B.that can replace other things |
C.that is familiar with us |
D.that can calm people |
【推荐3】British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1st, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work—The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help.” Taylor told Dezeen. “Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activities in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-foot-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a purely blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion (侵蚀) and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”
1. What’s the aim of Taylor’s underwater museums worldwide?A.To show his talent. | B.To raise awareness of protecting the ocean. |
C.To make huge profits. | D.To draw attention to endangered sea animals. |
A.Its outer part is like a mask. |
B.It has over 850 massive artworks. |
C.It contains 6 sculptures featuring local students. |
D.It is the latest work of Spanish sculptor Jason Taylor. |
A.How the project was started. | B.How the seagrass was restored. |
C.What benefits the project has made. | D.Why the surroundings were improved. |
A.The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable. |
B.The situation of the ocean is easily overlooked. |
C.Forests play a more important role in ecosystems. |
D.People have less tolerance to damaged one to forests. |