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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:10 题号:20474461

April 15th is a tax(税) day for Americans. It is the last day to pay federal(联邦的) income taxes for the year before. Most taxpayers have enough income taxes collected all year long through their employers. So they do not owe much. In fact, most get some money back.

Income tax rates increase as income increases. People who earned more than three hundred nineteen thousand dollars last year had the highest rate, thirty-five percent. But there are different ways for people to reduce their income taxes.

The Constitution gives Congress the power to build federal taxes. State and local governments can also tax. But the idea of national taxes took time.

In 1790 Congress passed a tax on whiskey and other alcoholic drinks. Farmers in western Pennsylvania who produced alcohol refused to pay. They attacked officials and burned the home of a tax collector.

George Washington, America’s first president, gathered the army. The soldiers put down the so-called Whiskey Rebellion of 1794. It was one of the first times that the government used its power to make sure a federal law within a state.

At first, the United States government collected most of its money through tariffs(关税), which are taxes on foreign trade. Then, in the late 1800s, Congress began to tax the money that people earned through their jobs.

The Supreme Court was against the personal income tax as unconstitutional. So the States changed the Constitution. In 1930 they passed the Sixteenth Amendment(修正案). It gives Congress the power to collect taxes on personal incomes.

In 2004, personal income tax provided the government with thirty-seven percent of its money, and income tax on business provided six percent.

1. Which of the following taxes is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Taxes on business.B.Taxes on incomes.
C.Taxes on alcohol making.D.Taxes on house selling.
2. Why did the US decide to change the Constitution according to the passage?
A.Because the Supreme Court asked them to do so.
B.Because they wanted to collect the personal income tax.
C.Because they wanted to limit the power of the Supreme Court.
D.Because they wanted to increase foreign trade tax rates.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Both the state and local governments in America have the right to tax.
B.Before 1800, most American government’s tax money came from taxes on alcoholic drinks.
C.Personal income tax has become an important tax in the States.
D.If you haven’t paid federal income taxes for 2008 before April 15, you may break tax laws.
4. What does the underlined sentence “But the idea of national taxes took time" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.It took a long time to realize the idea of national taxes.
B.Every year it takes a long time to collect national taxes.
C.The states were not sure whether they should collect national taxes.
D.For a long time people didn’t know what national taxes were.
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阅读理解-阅读单选(约540词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐1】Amid weak job and housing markets, consumers are saving more and spending less than they have in decades and industry professionals expect that trend to continue. Consumers saved 6.4 percent of their after-tax income in June. Before the recession, the rate was 1 to 2 percent for many years. In June, consumer spending and personal incomes were essentially flat compared with May, suggesting that the American economy, as dependent as it is on shoppers opening their wallets and purses, isn’t likely to rebound anytime soon.

On the bright side, the practices that consumers have adopted in response to the economic crisis ultimately could make them happier. New studies of consumption and happiness show, for instance, that people are happier when they spend money on experiences instead of material objects, when they relish what they plan to buy long before they buy it, and when they stop trying to outdo the Joneses.

If consumers end up sticking with their newfound spending habits, some tactics (策略) that retailers and marketers began using during the recession could become lasting business strategies. Among those strategies are offering goods that makes being at home more entertaining and trying to make consumers feel special by giving them access to exclusive events and more personal customer service.

While the current round of stinginess may simply be a response to the economic downturn, some analysts say consumers may also be permanently adjusting their spending based on what they’ve discovered about what truly makes them happy or fulfilled.

“This actually is a topic that hasn’t been researched very much until recently,” says Elizabeth W. Dunn, an associate professor in the psychology department at the University of British Columbia, who is at the forefront of research on consumption and happiness. There’s massive literature on income and happiness. It’s amazing how little there is on how to spend your money.

Studies over the last few decades have shown that money, up to a certain point, makes people happier because it lets them meet basic needs. The latest round of research is, for lack of a better term, all about emotional efficiency: how to reap the most happiness for your dollar.

So just where does happiness reside for consumers? Scholars and researchers haven’t determined whether Armani will put a bigger smile on your face than Dolce & Gabbana. But they have found that our types of purchases, their size and frequency, and even the timing of the spending all affect long-term happiness.

One major finding is that spending money for an experience — concert tickets, French lessons, sushi-rolling classes, a hotel room in Monaco — produces longer-lasting satisfaction than spending money on plain old stuff.

“‘It’s better to go on a vacation than buy a new couch’ is basically the idea,” says Professor Dunn.

Thomas DeLeire, an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin discovered that the only category to be positively related to happiness was leisure: vacations, entertainment, sports and equipment like golf clubs and fishing poles.

1. What’s the dark side of American consumers’ saving more and spending less?
A.The job and housing markets will become even weaker.
B.There is little hope that the American economy will recover soon.
C.More and more retailers and marketers will have to go bankrupt.
D.It’s possible that the American economy will rebound sooner.
2. What will happen if customers keep their spending habits formed in the economic downturn?
A.They will get goods and services much cheaper.
B.It’s likely that they spend more time indoors.
C.Retailers will change their business strategies.
D.They will enjoy better services and experiences.
3. What surprises Elizabeth W. Dunn according to the passage?
A.There is little about how to spend money to make people happy.
B.Consumers unconsciously adjust their spending habits to be happy.
C.People started researches on consumption-happiness relationship so early.
D.Happiness is proved to have nothing to do with consumption.
4. Scholars such as Prof. Dunn and Prof. DeLeire agree that_______.
A.richer people feel happier and more satisfied
B.most consumers prefer leading brands like Armani
C.spending on vacations brings long-term happiness
D.people should curb their spending on material thing
2020-06-23更新 | 62次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约480词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】China has long been tipped to be the next Silicon Valley, but now the   finances   and support are in place to make it happen.

There   is a growing consensus   ( 共 识 ) that while Silicon Valley   is not   about   to   disappear anytime soon, its next biggest rival is already on the verge of bursting onto the international   scene — not in the US, nor in the EU, but in Asia. More specifically, China.

This is not just an observation based on the rise of companies like Alibaba, Baidu   and Tencent. It is grounded in a more widespread move to fund start-ups in Asia to the point where more money is being invested there than in Europe. Just five years ago, Europe and Asia are neck and neck in terms of investment.

In 2013, Europe made slightly more deals, 1550 compared to Asia’s 1071, but the total value   of investment was $7bn. Just five years later, Asia is now four times the size of Europe with twice as many deals carried out.

Between 2013 to 2018, the number of deals in Asia increased nearly fivefold, and their value leapt to $81bn, compared to the $21bn raised in Europe. The Asian figure also shows that the continent is closing the gap on the US which saw $105bn worth of deals.

One of the main reasons that makes the country so attractive is not just the huge growth in investment and high education standards, but also local and national governmental support benefiting tech companies.

In fact, one of the conclusions of a recent Fortune tech conference was that China’s tech companies will soon be beating American companies on their home turf. One of the reasons is that investors believe US immigration policy is making it more difficult for the best talent around the world to find work there. Plus, Chinese companies are now able to start paying salaries that can keep pace with those on offer in Silicon Valley.

Hence, when Ian Roger, Chief Digital Official at luxury group LVMH was asked where he thought the next Facebook or Google would come from, he suggested it would be a close call between Silicon Valley and China. The latter had the investment that is needed as well as a hard work culture of a six-day week. It also has a superb education system and a huge population.

As Silicon Valley appears to be heating up a little too hard for some people, China would appear to be warming up at just the right pace.

1. What does the expression “on the verge of ” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.on the way ofB.on the list of
C.on the condition ofD.on the point of
2. Which of the following is NOT a reason why China attracts foreign investment in tech companies?
A.High education standards.B.Huge growth in investment.
C.Support from the government.D.Higher salaries than those in Silicon Valley.
3. It can’t be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.the US immigration policy is strict but talent-friendly
B.Ian Roger believes the next Google might come from China
C.employees of Baidu might be accustomed to overwork
D.Chinese tech companies can provide highly competitive salaries now.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A.The total value of investment in Asia is four times that in Europe.
B.Finances, high education standards and support make it possible for China to become the next Silicon Valley.
C.Asia attracts worldwide best talents to tech companies.
D.American tech companies will soon be beaten by those in China.
2020-06-18更新 | 212次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约390词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐3】For centuries, people have kept large amounts of cash at home during difficult times. But during the coronavirus(冠状病毒)crisis, things are different. Metal coins and paper bills can be a source of worry rather than hope.

The fear is that these objects, possibly touched by thousands of people, could provide a way for the coronavirus to spread. Public officials and health experts have said that the risk is small. Still, some businesses refuse to accept cash and some countries have suggested that their citizens should stop using it altogether.

Zachary Cohle is an economics professor at Quinnipiac University in Connecticut. “In many areas, cash was already beginning to disappear due to the increased risk of robbery, the ease of Internet ordering, and the ubiquity(无处不在)of cell phones,” he said. “Sweden, Finland, Norway, Canada and others have slowly reduced cash use to the point where using it in large amounts seems unusual. Britain and Australia are expected to become cashless countries. And in China, cash use has dropped as electronic payment services have increased in popularity over the past ten years.”

“Cash ist Fesch” is a common saying in Austria and southern Germany. The words mean cash is beautiful. But since the virus outbreak, shops that have remained open there, like grocery stores, have encouraged people to pay with cards. And Germany’s central bank said 43 percent of Germans recently paid for goods and services with a card. The Bank of Japan estimates that cash makes up for 53 percent of household assets (财产). But the threat of the coronavirus could move the country toward going cashless, said Hiroki Maruyama, head of the nonprofit Fintech Association of Japan. He added, “The culture is slowly changing.”

However, cash use is still common in places like West and Central Africa, where many are too poor to pay for the cost of banking services. Dorothy Harpool teaches at Wichita State University’s W. Frank Barton School of Business. Harpool thought some people would rethink their use of cash during the crisis, but she said the world would not be cashless until everyone and every country has reliable access to the Internet.

1. Why is cash regarded as a source of worry?
A.Cash can’t be used during the crisis.
B.Some countries refuse to accept cash.
C.It’s risky to keep a lot of cash at home.
D.Cash may carry viruses after being used.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The disadvantages of paying in cash.
B.The introduction to cashless countries.
C.The present situation of cash use worldwide.
D.The increasing popularity of electronic payment.
3. What do we know from the example of Germany and Japan?
A.Shops in Germany only take cash because it’s beautiful.
B.The Japanese are changing their traditional attitudes to cash.
C.More than half of the Japanese prefer to put cash in the bank.
D.Less than half of the Germans still like to pay goods in cash.
4. Why is it impossible for the world to be cashless according to Harpool?
A.The Internet is not available in all the countries.
B.The habit of paying in cash is hard to change.
C.The virus crisis will last for a long time.
D.People in Africa can’t afford the banking services.
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