Reading for pleasure can be an important and enjoyable childhood activity. Unlike listening and spoken language, which develop rapidly and easily in young children, reading is a taught skill and is acquired and developed through specific learning over time. Until now it has been unclear what effect—if any—encouraging children to read from an early age will have on their brain development, cognition(认知) and mental health later in life.
To find out this, researchers from the universities of the UK and China looked at data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) groups in the US. Of the 10,243 participants studied, just under a half had little experience of reading for pleasure or did not begin doing so until later in their childhood. The remaining half had spent between three and ten years reading for pleasure.
The team found a strong link between reading for pleasure at an early age and a positive performance in adolescence on cognitive tests that measured such factors as verbal learning, memory and speech development, and at-school academic achievement. These children also had better mental health, when assessed using a number of clinical scores and reports from parents and teachers, showing fewer signs of stress and depression, as well as improved attention and fewer behavioral problems such as aggression and rule-breaking.
Children who began reading for pleasure earlier also tended to spend less screen time—for example, watching TV or using their smartphone or tablet—during the week and at weekends in their adolescence, and also tended to sleep longer.
The best amount of reading for pleasure as a young child was around 12 hours per week. Beyond this, there appeared to be no additional benefits. Instead, there was a gradual decrease in cognition, which the researchers say may be because they are sedentary and spend little time on other activities that could be cognitively improving, including sports and social activities.
1. What did the research focus on?A.The state of children’s reading ability. | B.The development of reading for pleasure. |
C.Effects that early reading has on children. | D.Difficulties in listening, speaking and reading. |
A.Improve their performance at school. | B.Better their mental pressure. |
C.Better their observation ability. | D.Reduce their screen and sleeping time. |
A.Sitting still for a long time. | B.Developing hobbies. |
C.Taking physical exercise. | D.Participating in community activities. |
A.Benefits of early reading for pleasure. |
B.Ways for children to master a taught skill. |
C.Important and enjoyable childhood activities. |
D.Cognitive tests measuring academic achievement. |
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【推荐1】I had never really liked reading, and I thought it was a waste of time. But when my teacher told me to go to the library and find a book, I looked for one that I was actually interested in. I love basketball, so I picked out a basketball book which was called Hoops by Walter Dean Myers. It is an amazing story about a high school ball player named Lonnie. He is a great basketball player, and dreams of playing basketball in college someday, and of course in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Lonnie lives in Harlem, NY, and is struggling through poverty and other problems. He doubts his new coach, Carl, and doesn’t think that he will be there for his new team. However, he soon realizes what the man has done in his past, and can completely connect with him. Carl soon makes a huge influence on Lonnie, but they face many challenges.
This book makes me think about how hard it would be to grow up in a rough city. I have realized that basketball is a great way to escape the struggles we face.
From this story, you will learn that the people around you really affect who you are, and how important it is to have the support of family and friends in your life. I have learned a lot from this book, and I think that anyone who reads it will too. I hope you enjoy this book as much as I did.
I am now reading more Walter Dean Myers’ books. A lot of his books are about growing up in Harlem, just like he once did. He has become my favorite author.
1. Hoops is a book about (a) ________.A.teacher | B.library | C.basketball | D.coach |
A.didn’t get help from his friends | B.was born into a rich family |
C.realized his dream of playing in the NBA | D.disliked his coach in the beginning |
A.makes it hard to live in a rough city |
B.helps people make new friends easily |
C.provides a good way to escape difficulties |
D.tightly connects people with their family and friends |
A.tell us his favorite author | B.introduce a book to us |
C.show his interest in reading | D.teach us the importance of reading |
【推荐2】How to Turn Your Child into a Lifelong Bookworm
Literacy is one of the most important skills we will ever develop over our lifetimes. Most small children love books, looking at the pictures and hearing the story, but as they get older they often move away from books.
Join the library
Libraries have changed a lot in recent years.
Not just novels
Many parents think that reading counts if the child is reading a work of fiction or a novel.
Set an example
If your child never sees you reading, they aren’t going to pick up a book either.
Make their own books
If your child dislikes reading, think about encouraging them to start writing their own stories and novels. Buy them a special notebook. Allow them to write whatever captures their imagination, and don’t worry too much about messy handwriting or poor spelling.
A.So how do you keep your kids interested in books? |
B.As long as a child is reading, it doesn’t matter what they are reading. |
C.Libraries will have a great range of books for children. |
D.There are newspapers printed especially for children. |
E.Reading and writing are often thought of as two separate issues. |
F.The idea is to cause an interest in books, reading and fiction, and the rest will develop over time. |
G.Next time pick up a newspaper or a book and encourage your child to sit with you and read too. |
【推荐3】Reading with a child is a hugely important developmental activity as it helps youngsters learn new words, broadens their knowledge and provides time to bond with loved ones. So scientists wanted to see if parents and children acted differently when they read books together using traditional media compared with electronic device (电子设备).
To find out, the researchers carried out a study on 37 pairs of parents and healthy children between two and three years old. They asked them to read from three different types of media: electronic books with sound effects or animation; a basic electronic book; and a print book.
Researchers found parents and children spoke more when interacting with a paper book rather than a story on an electronic tablet (平板电脑). What’s more, parents used richer language when using print books compared with tablets. But parents were less responsive and children were less engaged with their parents when reading e-books, Munzer said. Dr Tiffany Munzer, coauthor of the study, told Newsweek: “One of the most surprising aspects is that these findings held true even when parents and children read tablet books with few distracting factors, suggesting it might be the actual tablet device that’s contributing to less conversation between parents and children.”
So should parents give up tablets when reading with their children, or is some reading better than none, regardless of the device?
“That isn’t to say there is no benefit to electronic book reading compared with doing nothing, just less compared with print books. Print books are just better for improving rich language from parents and more conversation between parents and children.” Munzer said that parents always know their children best. “So they should feel free to adjust (调整) the reading experience to what they know their children are interested in, even comics and magazines count as reading.”
1. How many types of media were tested in the research?A.Two. | B.Three. | C.Four. | D.Five. |
A.Things that affect reading. | B.People who help reading. |
C.Tools that attract kids. | D.Contents that fit kids. |
A.Kids can do it at times. |
B.There is no benefit at all. |
C.It will replace the print book reading. |
D.It should be with more conversations. |
A.Buy more e-books. |
B.Talk less when reading. |
C.Sign up for reading clubs. |
D.Make reading experience interesting. |
【推荐1】A woman held her phone tightly to her heart the way a church-goer might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of an impressive bunch of flowers that sat not so far away, but first she bad to get through a crowd of others pushing their way to do the same. The cause of this was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco.
Flower sellers were asked to create flower arrangements that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. It’s extremely attractive and also memorable, to the point that it has become a problem.
In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit. Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge attraction for museums, as well as something that upsets some of their patrons (资助人). So the de Young responded with a kind of compromise: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six-day run.
One common complaint about the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study recently published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is some truth to this. It finds that people, who keep taking photos of an exhibit and posting them on social media rather than simply observing it, have a hard time remembering what they see. But the issue is complex for the professionals running museums. Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a photo-taking playland”. Yet a lot of people do and she believes that the de Young is in no position to judge one reason for buying a $28 ticket to be more reasonable than another. “If we removed social media and photography,” she says. “We would risk becoming unimportant.”
1. What was the woman eager to do according to Paragraph 1?A.To get her phone. | B.To escape the crowd. |
C.To take a photo. | D.To push ahead. |
A.By setting periods without photo-taking. | B.By making the exhibition free of charge. |
C.By compromising with the government. | D.By extending the free exhibition hours. |
A.uncover the truth | B.cause failure |
C.bring more pleasure | D.play a negative role |
A.Catering to visitors. | B.Reducing admission prices. |
C.Reserving judgement in public. | D.Banning social media and photography. |
【推荐2】Ecology is a complicated thing. c Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, a combination of the two will make things worse. However, as research shows just published in Biotropica, by Benjamin Wigley of Nelson Mandela University, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can actually help to make things better.
Since 1954,the Kruger National Park has been the site of experiments. Dr Wigley carried out these experiments by looking at trees in three different zones. In one of these zones, the vegetation (植被) was burned every year. In the second it was burned every other year. The third zone, by contrast, was actively protected from fire. To keep things consistent, he only looked at the fate of a single tree species, the marula (玛鲁拉树), whose bark is often eaten by elephants. In July 2016, he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used a hammer and a knife to remove a 5 cm circular section of bark from each of them.
To their surprise, damaged trees in the annual burnt zone regrew 98% of their lost bark during the two years of the study. Those living in the second burnt zone regrew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were banned regrew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else around the trees' wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-banned zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants were known to damage tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the second zone and three in the annual zone developed ants' nests in their wounds.
It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are burning trees'。wounds to kill the ants. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually helpful to sick ones.
1. What is the finding of the research?A.More fire does good to trees. | B.Fire makes damaged trees. grow better. |
C.Ants always help trees gr8w well. | D.Elephants often damage tree barks. |
A.They were finished in one year. |
B.They were carried out in different parks. |
C.The damaged trees grew well as other trees. |
D.The trees chosen had been damaged by the researchers. |
A.To prove that ants are bad animals. |
B.To show the benefit fire brings to damaged trees. |
C.To express how ants influence trees' growth. |
D.To introduce the role ants play in ecology. |
A.Is Fire Totally Bad for Trees2 | B.How does Fire Destroy the Trees? |
C.The Balance of Trees and Ants | D.Trees, Animals and Disasters |
【推荐3】As April 23 marks World Book Day, it’s time to put aside your smart phone and open a book. Cheaper and lighter, digital books have become many people’s choices in the present day. Yet the touch and smell of a paper copy can be irreplaceable.
For lovers of paper books, a nice, strong bag is a must-have. Among the ways to carry books in ancient China, there was a kind of bamboo box. Xuan Zang, a noted Buddhist monk from the Tang Dynasty(618-907), carried such a box during his journey to India. Similar box to carry books also appeared in the 1987 film, A Chinese Ghost Story, a remake of the 1960 original movie with the same title.
Compared to the ancients, modern people have more choices to carry books. School bags that look like suitcases are pretty popular among elementary school students in China. If you see a little girl pulling a bright pink suitcase on the street in the morning, don’t be misled by her bag. She is not going on vacation alone;she is just on her way to school. Such a school bag seems a bit of an exaggeration(夸张), yet can ease the burden on young children’s shoulders from carrying heavy text books.
Bags for adults to carry books are of various sorts, and some are even like a book itself. French designer Olympia Le-Tan created a series of clutch bags(女式手提包)that have the very look of classic book facsimiles(复制品)in 2009. The clutches won the love of many celebrities and fashion pioneers, appearing on the red carpet and high street. And jane bags by Gabriela Hearst shone at the 2018 autumn winter fashion shows. The special shape of the new designs was inspired by the pages of an open book. Despite the colorful bags, the books in them are more important.
1. What do we know about paper books?A.They are inexpensive. | B.They are easy to carry. |
C.They are not out of date. | D.They are replaced by digital books. |
A.In order of time. | B.By listing figures. |
C.By giving examples. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.They save more space. | B.They contain more books. |
C.They are suitable for vacation. | D.They decrease shoulder’s burden. |
A.Content matters more than form. | B.Some books are to be tasted. |
C.Two heads are better than one. | D.Rome was not built in a day. |