Milan Kundera, the son of a famous concert pianist and musicologist, was born on April 1, 1929. Brno, Czechoslovakia (now in Czech Republic). The young Kundera studied music but gradually turned to writing, and he began teaching literature at the Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts in Prague in 1952. He joined the Communist Party in 1948, was expelled in 1950, and was readmitted in 1956, remaining a member until 1970.
He published several collections of poetry in the 1950s. Then his short stories and highly successful one-act play, The Owners of the Keys, were published in the 1960s, followed by his first novel. One of his greatest works, The Joke, a comic and ironic (讽刺的) about the private lives and destinies (命运) of various Czechs, was translated into several languages and achieved international recognition. His second novel, Life Is Elsewhere (1969), about an unlucky, romantic-minded hero who supported the Communist takeover of 1948, was forbidden of its Czech publication. Kundera refused to admit his political errors to the authorities, who banned all his works, fired him from his teaching positions, and drove him away from the Communist Party.
In 1975 Kundera was allowed to emigrate with his wife from Czechoslovakia to teach at the University of Rennes in France. In 1979 the Czech government took away his citizenship. In the 1970s and 80s his novels were published in France and elsewhere abroad but were banned in his homeland until 1989. The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, one of his most successful works, is a series of ironic meditations (沉思录) on the modern state’s tendency to deny and clear out human memory and historical truth.
Kundera began writing in French with Slowness in 1994, followed by Identity (1997), Ignorance (2000), and The Festival of Insignificance (2013), which is about a group of Parisian friends.
On July 11, 2023, Milan Kundera died in Paris, France.
1. What does the underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Rejected. | B.Promoted. | C.Introduced. | D.Punished. |
A.He wrote his first novel before The Owners of the Keys. |
B.His second novel was translated into several languages |
C.He created his works in French in his old years of life. |
D.He moved to France with his wife to learn French. |
A.playwright | B.poet | C.novelist | D.translator |
A.Preserving human wisdom. |
B.Uncovering a political truth. |
C.Teaching modern history. |
D.Praising the government. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A few years after Mom died, Dad showed up for lunch wearing the soft smile that took over his face whenever he was thinking about her. “I’ve found these,” he said, handing me a bag. “She would have wanted you to have them.”
I opened the bag to find dozens of shells, each one bearing Mom’s handwritten words: Stone Harbor, N. J. — 8-98. They were pretty common, but to Mom, they were evidence of her endlessly magical life.
She was 61 when she collected these shells, already showing signs of the lung disease that would kill her the next year. Mom needed an adventure. She loved seashore. So we decided to take her to Jersey Shore.
As soon as I said “Jersey Shore”, she started to shout over and over again— “I can’t believe I’m going to New Jersey!”
Once we got to Stone Harbor, Mom acted like the town mayor, greeting everyone as if they were loyal constituents. And she spent hours collecting shells on the beach. The morning we left, I found her photographing every corner of her bedroom. “I don’t even want to forget this,” she said.
For a long time, Mom’s shells stayed buried in a drawer. Last month, I rediscovered them. I put them where I can easily to see them. One by one, the shells are finding a new place in my home. They remind me to live a life like my mother — who never lost her sense of passion.
1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to .A.the bag the author’s dad found | B.the photos the author’s mom took |
C.the shells the author’s mom collected | D.the words the author’s mom wrote |
A.She knew them very well. | B.She was very excited. |
C.She wanted to make friends with them. | D.She was popular among the people there. |
A.She had a sense of adventure. | B.She passed away at the age of 61. |
C.She was brought up in New Jersey. | D.She showed great enthusiasm for life. |
A.remind the author of her mom’s attitude towards life |
B.make the author think of her mom’s death |
C.were taken out of the drawer for the purpose of decorating the house |
D.were hidden in a drawer because they are very precious |
【推荐2】They are sisters.They are in a car. They are arguing and one of them tries to leave. The two girls are acting but for 17yearold Ellie it's not all that far from the truth. Next week she will be in court to testify (作证) against a friend who hurt her. “Being here makes me forget all about that, ” she says.
At Breeze Arts Foundation in Leeds, eight young people between the ages of 16 and 20 are practising what their acting teacher Fiona has presented to them.
Breeze Arts Foundation, which has been running for five years, is trying to get young people who are Neet (not in education, employment or training) or in danger of becoming Neets back into education or work.
Each member of the group tells a different story. Some are here because they simply can’t stay in school, some because they have family problems, and some because they have a history of breaking the law.
The course members attend a 12week programme. While here they will all work towards an Arts Award and an endofterm performance.
Sarah McGlinchey is the course keyworker. As well as designing the courses, she does oneonone work with the students, helping with everything from housing to job hunting. Lessons are given on Wednesdays and Thursdays but the rest of the time McGlinchey focuses on onetoone support.
Some of the teens here will never go on to work in the performing arts, but some will make career in the area. One former member has worked at the West Yorkshire Playhouse. Another student went on to university to study modern art. Whatever happens, McGlinchey says, “Learning about performing arts and the arts industry builds their confidence and shows them what chances are out there.”
1. What does Ellie probably think of the course?A.It is challenging. |
B.It takes her pain away. |
C.It teaches her some basic truths. |
D.It gives her knowledge about law. |
A.To help youths in difficult situations. |
B.To encourage youths to enter college. |
C.To teach arts lessons to local students. |
D.To pick out excellent star performers. |
A.It allows students to enjoy works of art. |
B.It is attracting more members these days. |
C.It helps the members believe in themselves. |
D.It needs more support from the arts industry. |
A.Performing arts gives Neets a new start |
B.Each teenager tells you a different story |
C.Teens make careers in the performing arts |
D.Breeze Arts Foundation offers acting courses |
【推荐3】I remember the afternoon when I knew I would never swim again. I was 13 years old, sobbing in the car the whole way home as my school uniform stuck to my wet skin. The previous hour in the hydrotherapy (水疗) pool haunted me and I remembered how my weak neck gave way and my head slipped under the water, flooding my ears and nose.
Physiotherapists circled around me, comforting me that I was OK. But my body didn’t feel like it was mine. I had lost control. My swimming days were over.
I was born with spinal muscular atrophy (脊髓性肌萎缩症), a genetic disease. It causes severe weakness in my limbs and, since I was a toddler (学步的儿童), I’ve used an electric wheelchair. My disability means I’ve never been able to stand or walk, but in the water, I was weightless and could move more freely.
Swimming had once meant a lot to me, but after spinal surgery to try to combat the illness, it became increasingly difficult. Visiting the hydrotherapy pool was a last-ditch attempt to return to the water.When the moment arrived, it was stressful. My tears weren’t just because of the loss – they were an acceptance, too. I made the decision: I was never going back in the water again.
For the first time as a young adult, I had to advocate for myself. Like other people with disabilities, I often feel societal pressure to push myself. Recognizing that swimming was unsafe and uncomfortable was a tough lesson about accepting the limitations of my body.
I had to find other ways to connect with the water and my loss. Swimming is now impossible, but I still take joy from seeing my family and friends in the water.
Swimming was the first big physical loss in my life, and I know there will be others as I age. Everyday tasks I can complete now, such as cleaning my teeth or feeding myself, may become too difficult as the years pass. I’ve learned it’s OK to miss what my body could do before and find ways to adapt and enjoy what I can do.
1. How did the author feel on the way home from the hydrotherapy pool?A.Excited. | B.Ashamed. | C.Upset. | D.Relieved. |
A.A method to stay fit. | B.A source of freedom. |
C.A proof of her ability. | D.A way to connect with others. |
A.The author complained about his misfortune. | B.The author forgave himself for his limitations. |
C.The author defended himself for his giving up. | D.The author praised himself for his last attempt. |
A.Accept support from others. | B.Learn new skills to push her limits. |
C.Avoid staying near the water. | D.Seek joy within her capabilities. |
Words flow through Chinese poetry
A Russian student expresses her passion for China through poetry. It seems that Anastasia Podareva, born in Ryazan, Russia, the hometown of Russian poet Sergei Yesenin (谢尔盖·叶赛宁), was destined (注定的) to follow a similar career.
Podareva, 28, loved poetry in her youth as her father would introduce her to works by great Russian poets. Growing up, he wrote many poems in both Russian and English. But when she came to China to study in 2013, the world of Chinese poetry opened up before her.
“One thing that strikes me in reading and writing Chinese poetry is the power of the language — it’s melodious (动听的) and rhythmic (有节奏的),” said Podareva.
Podareva has had colorful experiences in China over the past decade. Her most unforgettable memory is of one of her poems being turned into a song.
The poem, titled If, was written in early 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
“I wanted to create something positive to help boost (振奋) people’s spirits in times of difficulty,” she said. As the poem goes, “I have come to love this land, growing up with its valiant (勇敢的) people … And with the profound (深深的) love of a maiden (女子) of the north, I’d let China take my burning heart,” Podareva wrote, showing her support for her adopted (寄宿的) home.
And her message was heard. The poem was published online and picked up by a music lover named Zhu Hai in Zhejiang province, who later put it to music.
“I believe that singing is the ultimate (最好的) way of expressing Chinese poetry, because Chinese is really a language that rises, falls and flows like music,” said Podareva.
1. What can we learn about Podareva from the text?A.She sees Yeseni as her idol. |
B.She can write poems in three languages. |
C.Her father is a famous poet. |
D.Most of her poems have been put to music. |
A.Impresses. | B.Challenges. | C.Discourages. | D.Confuses. |
A.Her love for both music and poetry. |
B.Her admiration for Chinese people. |
C.Her personal experiences of living in China. |
D.Her desire to spread positivity during the pandemic. |
【推荐2】Louise Gluck has been no stranger to awards over her long and storied career, since her first publication in 1968. In 1993, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her collection of poems, The Wild Iris (《野鸢尾》). And on Oct 8 she became the 16th woman to win the Nobel Prize in literature with the Nobel prizes first awarded in 1901.
Gluck was honored “for her unmistakable poetic voice that, with austere (朴素的) beauty, makes individual existence universal”. Often said to be an autobiographical (自传体的) poet, drawing from the inner parts of her life, “she is not to be regarded as a confessional poet (告白派诗人). Gluck seeks the universal,” Nobel Committee Chair Anders Olsson said in a statement.
Gluck, 77, the author of 12 poetry collections, has been able to turn her life experiences into universal themes covering life, loss, and isolation. Because of this, readers have often found her poetry to be “dark”. However, there is much more than darkness in her voice, as noted by Olsson. “It is straightforward and ... also a voice full of humor and biting wit,” he said.
For example, in her poem Snowdrops, she uses the coming of spring after winter to show rebirth of life after death. She leads readers down a depressing path only to reconnect with the light at the near end. At the conclusion of the poem, readers are left to feel the “raw wind of the new world” as they watch a new spring. This is often the case in Gluck’s poetry, being able to feel joy even after not having done so for a long time.
When her work Faithful Virtuous Night (《忠诚与善良之夜》) received a National Book Award for Poetry in 2014, a judge for the award went on to say, the collection comes from “a world where darkness blurs (使模糊) ordinarily sharp edges (边界) around the oppositions of our lives – loss and renewal, male and female, the living and the dead”.
Although she’s already a well-known writer, experienced in exploring trauma (痛苦经历) and healing, Gluck did feel honored to be given the prestigious Nobel award. However, when asked what the prize means to her, the lyric poet responded by saying, “It’s too new … I don’t know really what it means.” Her only hope is that she can preserve her daily life.
1. What can we know about Louise Gluck?A.Her first book was published in 1993. |
B.The Wild Iris won her the Nobel Prize in literature. |
C.She draws from her life experiences in her writing. |
D.She is seen as a successful confessional poet. |
A.They are all about human psychology. | B.They are too dark for readers. |
C.They ignore individual existence. | D.They are frank and humorous in style. |
A.To introduce the main plots of this poem. |
B.To describe Gluck’s creativity in choosing themes. |
C.To show the features of Gluck’s poetry. |
D.To explain Gluck’s purpose in writing Snowdrops. |
A.She is not qualified for the prize. |
B.It may change her daily life. |
C.It is not meaningful for her. |
D.The history of this award is not long enough. |
【推荐3】John Keats was an English poet, whose poetry described the beauty of the natural world and art as the vehicle for his poetic imagination. Regarded as one of the English language’s most naturally gifted poets, John Keats wrote poetry that concentrated on imagination, human nature, and philosophy. Although Keats didn’t receive much formal literary education, his own studies and great interest brought him much success. Besides, his own life situation made a great difference to his poetry.
Growing up as a young kid in London in a lower, middle-class family, the young John didn’t attend a private school, but went to public school in Enfield, near his home. His teachers and his family’s friends regarded him as a positive boy who liked playing and fighting much more than minding his studies. After his father’s death in the early 1800s, followed by his mother’s passing away due to illness, he began to view life differently. He wanted to escape the world and did so by reading anything he could get his hands on.
At around the age of 16, John Keats began studying under a surgeon so that he too might become a doctor. However, his love for literature had taken too much of his time, especially with his addiction to the poetry of Edmund Spenser. Within two months in 1817, Keats had written an entire volume (册) of poetry that would be published, but was attacked sharply in Blackwood’s Magazine. However, it didn’t stop him.
John Keats’ next work to be published was Endymion, which he wrote in 1817 and was published in May 1818. The story tells a boy who falls in love with the moon goddess and leads him to an adventure of one boy’s hope to overcome the limitations of being human. Following Endymion, he wrote Isabella. His next work was Hyperion that would attempt to combine all he learned. However, an attack of tuberculosis (肺结核) while visiting Italy kept him from his work and took his life in 1821.
1. What changed John Keats’ attitude towards life?A.The poetry of Edmund Spenser. | B.His early education at school. |
C.The criticism from a magazine. | D.The death of his parents. |
A.Keats spent two months writing a poem in 1817. |
B.Keats hardly received education at school. |
C.Keats had admiration for Edmund’s poetry. |
D.Endymion tells of Keats’ love story. |
A.Edmund Spenser was a famous doctor. | B.Hyperion might be incomplete. |
C.Keats’ family must be very poor. | D.Keats rewrote his poem Isabella. |
A.Popularity of Keats’ poetry. | B.Keats’ difficulties in his whole life. |
C.Other poets’ influence on Keats. | D.Keats’ life and his poetry. |