When we talk more broadly of body language, rather than good postures, we can actually see the effects it has on relationships right throughout the animal kingdom. In particular, body language is used to express power through expansive (扩张的) postures.
You might know about Amy Cuddy’s famous Ted Talk and her incredible insights on how posture changes our thoughts. Cuddy and her team study body language, particularly what they call “high-power” and “low-power” poses.
“High-power” poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence, which can help you feel more self-confident, even after only two minutes. Typical high-power poses are about opening up. You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible. For example, bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up onto their desks. Meanwhile, people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated. They close up, arms around themselves, taking up the smallest space.
Some even more recent studies took this even further: A study by researchers from Columbia and Harvard Universities showed that body language symbolizing power can actually affect our decision-making, unintentionally. The researchers measured the desire for risk of participants in either expansive, powerful poses or constricted (收缩的) poses. Those in the powerful poses not only felt more powerful and in control, but were 45% more likely to take risky actions.
“This isn’t about what your body language is communicating to others; it’s about what your body language is communicating to you. Your body language is changing your mind, which changes your behavior, which changes your outcomes,” said Cuddy.
So if you want to take advantage of the benefits of these poses to live a healthier and happier life, where should you start?
1. Which is probably a low-power pose according to the text?A.Sitting with hands crossed in the lap. |
B.Arms raised in a “V” above the head. |
C.Standing with your legs open. |
D.Sitting with your arms spreading out on the chair. |
A.They are hesitant. | B.They are very shy. |
C.They feel out of control. | D.They feel more confident. |
A.The posture of confidence. | B.Cuddy’s research on behavior. |
C.The surprising power of body language. | D.The research about decision-making. |
A.How to correct bad habits. | B.How to improve your body language. |
C.How posture affects your health. | D.Why good posture matters for employees. |
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Forty years later, Special English continues to communicate with people who are not fluent in English. But during the years its role has expanded. It also helps people learn American English. And it provides listeners, even those who are native English speakers, with information they cannot find elsewhere.
Today, Special English broadcasts around the world seven days a week, five times a day. Each half-hour broadcast begins with ten minutes of the latest news followed by 20 minutes of feature programming. There is a different short feature every weekday about science, development, agriculture and environment, and on the weekend, about news events and American idioms.
Three elements make Special English unique. It has a limited vocabulary of 1500 words. Most are simple words that describe objects, actions or emotions. Some are more difficult. They are used for reporting world events and describing discoveries in medicine and science. Special English is written in short, simple sentences that contain only one idea. No idioms are used. And Special English is spoken at a slower pace, about two-thirds the speed of Standard English. This helps people learning English hear each word clearly. It also helps people who are English speakers understand complex subjects.
Through the years, Special English has become a very popular tool for teaching English, even though it was not designed as teaching program. It succeeds in helping people learn English in a non-traditional way. Individuals record the programs and play them over and over to practice their listening skills. In countries around the world, English teachers assign Special English to their students. They praise it for improving their students’ ability to understand American English and for the content of the programs. Universities and private companies in many countries produce packages of Special English materials for student use.
1. At the beginning, Special English program was .
A.well received |
B.rejected by native people |
C.doubted by some professionals |
D.intended for teaching English |
A.British English. |
B.American English. |
C.Both British and American English. |
D.Not certain. |
a.limited vocabulary
b.short simple sentences
c.good communication method
d.slow speed
e.interesting feature programming
A.a, b, c | B.a, c, d | C.a, b, d | D.b, d, e |
A.listening to Special English can be a student’s homework |
B.listening to Special English can improve the content of the program |
C.some student record the Special English material for sale |
D.learning English from VOA is a traditional way for English learner. |
【推荐2】English is changing faster than ever with the development of society. Do you long to keep up with the times? If so, here are some old-fashioned words you should remove from your vocabulary list.
Whippersnapper
As an alteration of the term "snippersnapper'', the word first appeared in the 17th century, expressing our ancestors' annoyance at ill-mannered children. In its more contemporary version, the word relates to a young person who is too confident and does not show enough respect to older.
Tape
Are you born in the 1980s? If so, you may still be using the term "tape" when speaking of recording music or TV shows. Today, though digital media has made data storage on magnetic an outdated thing, this old linguistic habit still exists.
Stewardess
In the earlier age of air travel, female crew members serving airline passengers were called stewardesses. It was due to the development of women's rights movement in the 1960s that the word fell out of use. "Stewardess" was replaced by a more gender-neutral term, "flight attendant”.
Dungarees
What we know as "jeans" today were once called “dungarees" to refer to trousers made of denim (蓝粗棉布). As traders began importing the cloth from Genoa in Italy, this kind of trousers got a new name ’jeans”. So don't be surprised if you catch your grandpa saying dungarees.
1. Who can be described as a whippersnapper nowadays?A.An elder who has confidence and influence. |
B.An elder who doesn't like children. |
C.A teenager who is overconfident and impolite. |
D.A child who is bad-tempered |
A.Whippersnapper. |
B.Tape. |
C.Stewardess. |
D.Dungarees. |
A.To analyze the differences among modern words. |
B.To propose readers not using some old-fashioned words. |
C.To show readers the inconvenience the old-fashioned words have brought us. |
D.To explain how to keep up with the times. |
Let it go
Song: Let it Go(2013)on Disney’s Frozen soundtrack
Meaning: If you “let go” of a bad feeling or memory, you stop thinking about it or being upset by it; literally, if you “let go” of something, you stop holding onto it with your hands.
Example: I know you are upset that she left you, but you have to let it go and get on with your life.
Turn the page
Song: Turn the Page(1973) on the album Back in '72 album by Bob Seger
Meaning: If you “turn the page”, you forget about the past and start your life again after a bad period. Literally, if you “turn the page” while reading, you go to the next page in a book and start reading that one.
Example: “Six months after her divorce, she decided to turn the page and start a new relationship.”
Rock the boat
Song: Rock the boat(1974)on the album Freedom for the Stallion by the Hues Corporation
Meaning: If you “rock the boat”, you do or say something that might upset people or cause problems or trouble. Literally, if you “rock a boat” (a small one), you move if from side to side, often to frighten other people.
Example: during the dinner, I didn’t want to rock the boat, so I kept quiet about the terrible money situation.
Let your hair down
Song: Let your Hair down(2014) on the album Don’t kill the Magic by Magic.
Meaning: If you “let your hair down”, you act more freely than usual and really enjoy yourself. Literally, if someone with long hair “lets their hair down”. they untie it and let it fall freely.
Example: “Come on, this is a party!Let your hair down and have some fun!”
Poker face
Song: Poker face(2008) on the album The Fame by Lady Gaga.
Meaning: If you have a “poke face”, you have a neutral expression on your face that doesn’t show an emotion, and which doesn’t let other people know that what you are thinking or feeling. Literally, during a game of poker ,players often have a “poker face” (a neutral expression),so they do not give other players any information about which cards they might have.
Example: “It is often useful to keep a poker face during business negotiations.”
1. One can comfort a friend who has failed an exam by saying “_____ ,” as quoted in a 1970s song.
A.let it go | B.let your hair down | C.turn the page | D.keep a poker face |
A.The diners were likely to be short of capital. |
B.The restaurant chef was probably in heavy debt. |
C.The speaker was confident of an economic boom. |
D.The boat owner threatened to withdraw his funds. |
A.Magic of English Idioms in Animations |
B.Idioms-Inspiration for Popular Music |
C.Cheer Yourself up in the World of Music |
D.Useful Idioms from Popular Song Titles |
【推荐1】Noticing the signals that people send out with their body language is a very useful social skill.
It is worth noting that personal space is culturally different; keep in mind that what is considered close in one country is far away in another.
Check their arms.
A.If they don’t move further away, then they are willing to listen and accept. |
B.How to read body language needs to be learned. |
C.Some of us can read it naturally and some of us can’t at all. |
D.If their hands are closed, they may be angry, or nervous. |
E.People with crossed arms are closing themselves to social influence |
F.Pay attention to how close someone is to you. |
G.Some people tend not to move further away. |
【推荐2】One of the simplest and the most effective forms of communication involves nothing more than the movement of facial muscles.
Hugs are so beautiful! When you give someone a hug or someone comes up and gives you a hug, this simple act of a hug can “speak” volumes about how much you care for the other person.
And, who needs to say the words “yes” or “no” when a movement of the head says the same thing.
A.Body language in the world of love is a very common thing. |
B.The world is full of love. |
C.how much love you want to share with the other person |
D.These basic examples show just how powerful body language can be. |
E.The connection is made without any words needed. |
F.What am I talking about? |
G.how much information we can get. |
【推荐3】Body language is a form of communication and it plays an important role in our everyday life.
It makes your speaking skills better
Students’ public speaking skills improve as a result of body language. It not only engages the audience but is also able to convey the right message across.
Body language is important when pupils wish to express their opinions when words fall short. People around you can see the confidence you have with just a look at your body language. In order to influence the opinions of others around you as a student, it is important to have appropriate body language.
It improves self-confidence
Another importance of body language is that it improves sell-confidence. How confident you are as a student and as a person is demonstrated by your body language. For example, making eye contact while speaking, using hand gestures while speaking, and holding your chin up while speaking.
It develops the power of the sixth sense
The sixth sense is a skill that you can know a true person’s feelings and emotions without the person being verbal about it. For example, if you ask a person how a particular food tastes, they may reply with “awesome” or “yum”.
A.It is often ignored |
B.It helps express your opinions |
C.Words is more powerful than body language |
D.They are all signs that you have great belief in yourself |
E.Students and professionals can benefit from body language |
F.So the importance of body language in speech making is evident |
G.However, their body language can show how they feel about the food |
【推荐1】The Internet has become part of teenagers’ life. There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38% of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.
In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, let your parents know.
Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens using the Internet and keep students away from bad sites.
1. The underlined word “it” means________?A.the book | B.the report | C.the Internet | D.the information |
A.3,375 | B.1,280 | C.2,100 | D.5,523 |
A.Because it helps with the students’studies. |
B.Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools. |
C.Because it teaches students how to use the Internet in a good way. |
D.Because it is easier to understand. |
A.The Internet is very useful. | B.Students can’t use the Internet. |
C.Be careful when using the Internet. | D.The advantages and disadvantages of Internet. |
【推荐2】A team of researchers from the University of Colorado Boulder have created a revolutionary type of robotic muscles. They are strong and flexible at the same time, can feel the movements they perform and, whenever they suffer damage, they can self-heal. However, what is best about them is probably the fact that they are extremely cheap to manufacture.
The robotic muscles have been called actuators, and have drawn inspiration from real-life muscles. By creating robots equipped with this kind of actuators, researchers would allow them to perform movements just like human muscles.
To make the robotic muscles work, they filled some flexible material with electrodes(电极)and with liquid and oil. Then, they applied some electricity, and the liquid and oil started moving around the electrodes and powered them. This way, the robotic muscles started contracting and relaxing just like real muscles, but a lot quicker.
Researchers also took inspiration from the variety of human muscles, and created more types of actuators, each of them performing a different movement. They called these robotic muscles HASEL ( Hydraulically-Amplified Self-healing Electrostatic). However, they are superior to biological muscles as they are stronger, faster, and more flexible.
Even the researchers were amazed they could develop such technology. Eric Acome, the author of one of the studies, explained what is unique about the robotic muscles.
“The ability to create electrically powered soft actuators that lift a gallon of water at several times per second is something we haven't seen before.”
These muscles are special because they are also self-healing. This property is given by the liquid placed inside of them, which also gives them a lot more advantages than those mechanisms (机械)using solids. In the end, the material which keeps the liquid, the oil and the electrodes is extremely cheap. It is a type of polymer (聚合物)similar to the one used for potato chips bags, and can be manufactures for only 10 cents.
1. What can we learn about actuators?A.They can heal on their own. | B.They are biological muscles. |
C.They can not move like human muscles. | D.They are slower to react than real muscles. |
A.Solids. | B.Liquid and oil. |
C.A type of polymer. | D.Potato chips bags. |
A.The origin of actuators. | B.The opinions on actuators. |
C.The advantages of actuators. | D.The significance of actuators. |
A.Health. | B.Culture. | C.Education. | D.Technology. |
【推荐3】
Located in the northeast of Italy, Venice is well-known for its cultural treasures, romantic atmosphere and unusual living-on-water experience. The city spreads out over 118 islands, which are linked by more than 400 bridges, in the Venetian Lagoon.
Venice’s historical center consists of six regions. San Polo in the middle and San Marco in the south, the busiest main regions, are linked by the Rialto Bridge. The famous stone arch bridge crosses Venice’s main waterway — the Grand Canal. When night falls, many tourists enjoy dinner at the outside tables by the Grand Canal while watching colorfully lit boats going by.
Near the end of the S-shaped Grand Canal lies St. Mark’s Basilica, a must-see. Inside, beautiful mosaics tell stories of Bible figures. Nearby are the Doges Palace and the Bridge of Sighs. These were made famous by Lord Byron, “I stood in Venice on the Bridge of Sighs, a palace and prison on each hand.” Legend has it that if a couple passes under the bridge, their love will last forever.
In the square outside the Basilica, lovers of literature can sit at Caffe Florian, regarded as the oldest coffee house in Europe. Charles Dickens, Henry James as well as Lord Byron enjoyed the wonderful drink here.
Art lovers should buy a museum pass and visit some of the city’s unusual museums. They can view works by Venetian masters like Giovanni, Titian and Tintoretto.
On five small islands in the Venetian Lagoon, Murano has been home to glass-makers since 1291. Tourists can visit factories, studios and the Glass Museum. Glass artists produce everything from simple souvenir pieces to beautiful works of modern art. Only glassworks made using traditional methods on Murano can be called Murano Glass. The nearby island of Burano is famous for lace making and colorful houses. Looking at the colorful houses and kaleidoscopic streets makes people feel as if they were walking in the fairy tale.
The City of Water promises beauty of all kinds, and it definitely lives up to its promise.
1. Why does the author mention Lord Byron’s words?A.To introduce the famous British poet. |
B.To explain why the two places are famous. |
C.To show why St. Mark’s Basilica is a must-see. |
D.To compare the Doges Palace and the Bridge of Sighs. |
A.Caffe Florian. | B.The city’s museum. |
C.St. Mark’s Basilica. | D.The Bridge of Sighs. |
A.Bridges. | B.Lace making. | C.Glassworks. | D.Colorful houses. |
A.Venice’s modern art. | B.Venice’s local customs. |
C.Venice’s natural scenery. | D.Venice’s attractions with its beauty. |