【推荐2】Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and ________ of consumer demands for environment friendly products have ________ the pollution problem. One ________ is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.

________, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. ________ they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be ________ or can it only be used once?”

A recent study showed that two ________ five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the ________ they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly to the environment.

Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products ________ labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling ________.

The ________ for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink ________ they do business. No longer will the public accept the old ________ of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public ________ is still here, and companies are ________ their act gradually.

1.

A．part

B．lack

C．lots

D．varieties

2.

A．applied to

B．contributed to

C．exposed to

D．devoted to

3.

A．possibility

B．chance

C．result

D．effect

4.

A．Therefore

B．Furthermore

C．Similarly

D．However

5.

A．After

B．Though

C．Before

D．Unless

6.

A．reused

B．safe

C．friendly

D．returned

7.

A．of

B．on

C．from

D．out of

8.

A．rhyme

B．way

C．section

D．branch

9.

A．carry

B．take

C．include

D．make

10.

A．advantage

B．technique

C．point

D．attraction

11.

A．concern

B．hope

C．care

D．plan

12.

A．what

B．how

C．whether

D．when

13.

A．saying

B．trust

C．attitude

D．fashion

14.

A．pressure

B．pleasure

C．discussion

D．interest

15.

A．enlarging

B．sharing

C．cleaning

D．improving

【推荐1】The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. "Customer value" has several definitions. I use the ______ to mean the total lifetime value of a company's customer base. Companies can increase this value by ______ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. Visionary leaders have long understood the importance of ______ on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they've become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It's worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to ______ shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether.

Companies can ______ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase ______, software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes ______ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also ______ potential customers and encourage disloyalty.

Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets, such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings reports so that investors can make ______ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies ______ believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much ______ into the value of a company's customers.

As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors' attention to ______ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics. One of the UK's top energy suppliers E.ON, ______, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. "As a customer-focused company," E.ON noted, "we see customer value as crucial to our success."

This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) ______ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. ______, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company's preferred narrative.

1.

A．item

B．version

C．term

D．definition

2.

A．persuading

B．consulting

C．acquiring

D．inspecting

3.

A．remarking

B．concentrating

C．commenting

D．operating

4.

A．resist

B．increase

C．intensify

D．maintain

5.

A．raise

B．adopt

C．calculate

D．destroy

6.

A．income

B．experience

C．productivity

D．demand

7.

A．separate

B．substitute

C．forbid

D．combine

8.

A．appeal to

B．rely on

C．put down

D．scare off

9.

A．informed

B．subjective

C．definitive

D．independent

10.

A．fully

B．hardly

C．readily

D．wrongly

11.

A．ambition

B．devotion

C．possibility

D．visibility

12.

A．sacrifice

B．success

C．prejudice

D．expense

13.

A．as a result

B．for example

C．on the contrary

D．in general

14.

A．incomplete

B．depressing

C．convincing

D．vivid

15.

A．Instead

B．Besides

C．Otherwise

D．Therefore

【推荐2】Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the truth is, once you're off the ______ track of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, ______ Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own ________For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, _______—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the " Mona Lisa".

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year ______ with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter （冶炼厂）, those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades ______ the opportunity. For a long time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit— a world ______ almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.

Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions— the remote and sparsely populated east— where the way of life had steadily ______ to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas (定额) were ______ in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually ______. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn out to be ______ and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign ______, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that ______ could be sold to the rest of the world and ______ an economy historically dependent on fish. “We have to live,” Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving ______ behind the project. “We have a right to live.”

1.

A．beaten

B．explored

C．expired

D．centered

2.

A．so

B．when

C．if

D．as

3.

A．government

B．inhabitants

C．countryside

D．scale

4.

A．designed

B．retained

C．exploited

D．preserved

5.

A．stage

B．contract

C．transition

D．prosperity

6.

A．gave up

B．jumped at

C．rushed to

D．made up

7.

A．revolving

B．developing

C．Stirring

D．Initiating

8.

A．transferred

B．declined

C．grew

D．reformed

9.

A．preferred

B．presented

C．resisted

D．imposed

10.

A．wiped out

B．held up

C．kept down

D．put aside

11.

A．priceless

B．superficial

C．worthless

D．negative

12.

A．investment

B．Exclusion

C．invasion

D．landscape

13.

A．socially

B．immediately

C．accidentally

D．potentially

14.

A．stabilize

B．wreck

C．diversify

D．consolidate

15.

A．force

B．wheel

C．instructor

D．signal

【推荐1】President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige(威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions___________ this great prestige?

One reason is that Americans ___________ business as being more firmly based on the ideal of ___________ than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major ___________ of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are _________. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American ___________ such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

Competition ___________ the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for _________. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to ___________ them like inferiors or slaves.

A __________is often made between business, which is competitive, and ____________, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving ____________.

Competition in business is also believed to __________ the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person ____________his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American ____________ to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.

1.

A．qualify

B．restrict

C．impress

D．possess

2.

A．refer

B．view

C．reflect

D．confirm

3.

A．competition

B．cooperation

C．admiration

D．determination

4.

A．result

B．component

C．source

D．resource

5.

A．estimated

B．respected

C．admitted

D．rejected

6.

A．manners

B．cultures

C．values

D．customs

7.

A．protects

B．builds

C．illustrates

D．presents

8.

A．profits

B．savings

C．costs

D．funds

9.

A．attend

B．treat

C．serve

D．charge

10.

A．comment

B．complaint

C．choice

D．contrast

11.

A．department

B．government

C．business

D．economy

12.

A．security

B．prices

C．freedom

D．discipline

13.

A．strengthen

B．define

C．cherish

D．supervise

14.

A．as a result of

B．by means of

C．in terms of

D．regardless of

15.

A．contribution

B．solution

C．alternative

D．appeal

【推荐2】Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Scientists have already linked low-cost, ________ foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more ________ into how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.

What does processed food mean?

The researchers created a system that ________ foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made ________ of industrialized materials and additives. Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can ________ healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.

What’s wrong with processed foods?

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when ________ mostly processed foods. That is compared with when the   ________ subjects were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be ________.

In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. ________, a similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death in general.

What is it about processed foods?

When given less processed foods, people in the study ________ more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the ________ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly.

Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods are usually softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might ________. For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel ________ than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.

What should you eat?

Avoiding processed foods can be hard, ________ for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. In addition, companies continually ________ products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.

1.

A．organic

B．delicious

C．packaged

D．cheap

2.

A．inquiries

B．insights

C．explorations

D．reports

3.

A．distinguishes

B．defines

C．classifies

D．keeps

4.

A．specially

B．mostly

C．naturally

D．technically

5.

A．remain

B．feel

C．become

D．appear

6.

A．consumed

B．forced

C．deprived

D．fed

7.

A．same

B．normal

C．different

D．alternative

8.

A．explained

B．tracked

C．cured

D．overlooked

9.

A．Meanwhile

B．However

C．Hence

D．Otherwise

10.

A．collected

B．produced

C．absorbed

D．relieved

11.

A．hunger

B．procedure

C．reaction

D．feedback

12.

A．strike a balance

B．run a risk

C．pose a threat

D．make a difference

13.

A．ful1

B．content

C．starving

D．excited

14.

A．especially

B．generally

C．specially

D．reasonably

15.

A．restructure

B．rearrange

C．redecorate

D．reengineer

【推荐3】完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of ____by individuals.
One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the____of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any____object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reason to ____ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females，thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.
In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the ____destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.
In the second place it is observable, that ____occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been____as useless were ____ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.
Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to ____the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, ____and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the ____species. Monkeys do not mind being ____ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often ____ But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The competition of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more____for the food or the ____of the adults.
Finally, another common ____of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ____ .A child will be stopped either by ____causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be ____because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by ____, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.1.

A．fulfillment

B．excitement

C．aggressiveness

D．isolation

2.

A．usage

B．collection

C．value

D．possession

3.

A．rejected

B．desired

C．opposed

D．attracted

4.

A．turn to

B．drive away

C．come over

D．make into

5.

A．moderate

B．slight

C．complete

D．temporary

6.

A．donation

B．negotiation

C．agreement

D．conflict

7.

A．taken away

B．put away

C．thrown away

D．given away

8.

A．reluctantly

B．peacefully

C．unwillingly

D．violently

9.

A．hate

B．accept

C．prove

D．ignore

10.

A．honored

B．isolated

C．appreciated

D．bitten

11.

A．similar

B．modest

C．strong

D．reliable

12.

A．observed

B．joined

C．protected

D．spoiled

13.

A．offensive

B．considerate

C．generous

D．welcomed

14.

A．organizers

B．competitors

C．advocators

D．applicants

15.

A．assessment

B．attitude

C．attention

D．emotion

16.

A．reason

B．account

C．description

D．source

17.

A．knowledge

B．study

C．activity

D．personality

18.

A．physical

B．natural

C．financial

D．academic

19.

A．enhanced

B．operated

C．prevented

D．extended

20.

A．learning

B．falling

C．imitating

D．refusing