The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1. What might be the best title of the passage?
A.Signals of air pollution |
B.Safety limits of air pollution |
C.Air pollution, cancer risk |
D.Air pollution, smog risk |
A.To focus on cancer-causing substances. |
B.To evaluate the air quality. |
C.To study the developing risk of cancer. |
D.To send signals to the international community. |
A.The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place. |
B.More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution. |
C.Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits. |
D.A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Four Ideas for Better Sleep
Most teens need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. But many teens have trouble sleeping. Lack of sleep can affect everything from our emotions to how well we focus on tasks like driving.
Be active during the day.
You've probably noticed how much running around little kids do — and how soundly they sleep.
Say goodnight to your telephone or TV.
Keep a sleep routine (规律).
Stress can cause sleeplessness, so the more you suffer from not sleeping, the greater the risk you'll lie awake staring at the ceiling. Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind yourself that you can. Say, “Tonight, I will sleep well” several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises before bed.
A.Expect a good night's sleep. |
B.You may wake up in the middle of the night. |
C.Experts recommend using the bedroom for sleep only. |
D.The more you try to fall asleep, the more difficultly you can. |
E.Learn from a kid and get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day. |
F.Going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep. |
G.It can affect sports performance, and increase our chances of getting sick. |
【推荐2】For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.
So what's the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a "consistently positive attitude" about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.
A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.
1. What does the author say about Japan?A.It delivers the best medications for the elderly. |
B.It takes the lead in providing robotic care. |
C.It provides retraining for registered nurses. |
D.It sets the trend in future robotics technology. |
A.It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals. |
B.It provides specific individualized care to patients. |
C.It does not have much direct contact with patients. |
D.It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan. |
A.Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely. |
B.Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity. |
C.Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock. |
D.Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members. |
A.Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off. |
B.The robotics industry will soon take off. |
C.Robots will not make nurses redundant. |
D.Collaboration will not replace competition. |
【推荐3】As more schools open for in-person learning and some organized sports start again, many children are returning to the world after having packed on extra body weight. While data is few on whether there’s been a rise in children’s weight over the pandemic(大流行病), some health professionals have seen worrisome signs. Suzannah Stivison, a nurse in Kensington, Md. , said that some of her patients put on what she calls “the other COVID- 19”— as in, 19 pounds
A loss of daily arrangements, in school and extracurriculars, left kids looking for a sense of control that many have found in eating. One of the ways that people regained a routine and a schedule within their families was most likely around meals. Since last March, adults joined the bread-baking craze and ate junk food as they liked.
Stivison herself admits the bad effect of the pandemic. “I never have Cheetos in my house. But all of a sudden, they appeared, ”she said. “And this has been a phenomenon that I have seen in lots of houses. Eating became something we could control. And it’s also something we use for comfort.”
Children tend to gain weight during periods like summer vacation, when fewer are getting regular exercise through organized sports and physical education. But there are supportive ways parents can help get their kids back to a healthier lifestyle. It’s less about talking and more about setting an example. Talking about risk factors such as Type 2 diabetes and heart disease doesn’t really work, especially with younger kids. Kids know they’re heavier than their peers. They know they get out of breath.
However, parents can model good habits like exercising an hour a day or keeping the house stored with healthier foods. “It really comes down to the modeling and the opportunity we can control what food comes into the house, ” Stivison said. “And so guess what? I’ve stopped buying Cheetos. ”
1. What does the phrase “the other COVID- 19”in paragraph 1 mean?A.Patients’ dress size. | B.A serious disease. |
C.Children’s weight gain. | D.An effective treatment. |
A.They ate unhealthy food. | B.They helped prepare meals. |
C.They arranged schoolwork. | D.They learned bread-baking. |
A.To prove the benefit of eating. | B.To recommend a popular food. |
C.To share a way to find comfort. | D.To show a change in eating habit. |
A.Set an example of positive living. | B.Ask the kids to exercise regularly. |
C.Talk about the risks of extra weight. | D.Control the amount of food at home. |
【推荐1】Have you ever looked at a neighbor or friend who's in roughly the same financial position as you and think, "How can they afford such a big house and expensive vacations they show off on Instagram? How can they afford that private school?" The feeling is mixed with pain and curiosity. And often with a lot of self-blame. "They must be better at managing money than me. What am I doing wrong?"
Undoubtedly most money management can be improved, but that is usually not the cause: when some people seem to be able to afford much more than their income suggests, it is often because they have invisible wealth or debt. Allen, who lives in Washington, knows it well. Over the years, Ms. Allen has watched friends who work like her and have the same number of children spend more generously in almost every way than her family. They spent a lot of money on expanding the house. They went on vacation twice as often as her family, and farther away. They drive better cars. She had a hard time feeling that she and her husband were just not as good at managing their finances. "When we don't know the whole story, we blame ourselves." she said. Then everything fell apart. It turned out that the family lived mainly on debt. They owe more on their house than it is worth and have to sell it. They are now living in a rented apartment. "I do feel relieved," Ms. Allen said. "I guess we didn't do anything wrong."
Of course, not everyone who seems to be spending beyond their means is running out of credit cards "Wealth is even more hidden than income because there are no jobs to associate with," said Professor Conley from Princeton University. "We have-a rough idea of what professors or lawyers earn, but when it comes to household wealth, we have no clue. For example, not only do people want to downplay their inherited wealth or money, but they actively try to hide it," Mr. Conley said.
No doubt some people will laugh at those who compare themselves to their neighbors and suggest that such people focus on their own lives. This makes sense. But like it or not, competitiveness and curiosity are always part of human nature.
1. The best title of the passage may be___________.A.What makes my neighbors happier than me? |
B.What should I do to be richer than my neighbors? |
C.How should I improve my money management? |
D.How come everyone around looks richer than me? |
A.no pain no gain | B.seeing is not believing |
C.better late than never | D.easier said than done |
A.people's income does not associate with their jobs. |
B.people should hide their household wealth to avoid trouble. |
C.professors or lawyers usually earn a lot than their neighbors. |
D.Some people are better-off because they don't live on a fixed income. |
【推荐2】As the coronavirus (冠状病毒) outbreak continues, many Americans are fearful of using public transportation. They are also looking for ways to get exercise without going to a gym. So, it may not be surprising that the pandemic (流行病) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.
In the US, bicycles at big stores have sold out. And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for "family-style" bicycles: the low-cost, easy-to-ride models. "The bicycle industry has seen its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s," said Jay Townley, an industry expert. He compared the sale of bicycles to the rush to buy products like toilet paper at the start of the pandemic.
The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the US. Italy has created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation. In London, city officials plan to ban cars from some central roads. Bike shop owners in Manila say the demand is even stronger than what they see at big festivals.
Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one. In the US, the shortage now means it may take many months to get a bicycle. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage. Many bicycle factories were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19. The increase in demand for bicycles began in March. In April, the sales of bicycles increased by 200 percent in the US.
Joe Minutolo is the co-owner of Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop in Maine. He said he hoped the increased sales meant a change in the way people think about transportation. "People are having a chance to rethink things," he said. "Maybe well all learn something from this, and something really good will happen."
1. What caused the increase in bicycle sales?A.People's fear of natural disaster. | B.The shortage of public transportation. |
C.People's desire to defeat disease. | D.The outbreak of the epidemic. |
A.New bicycle paths have been built. |
B."Family-style" bicycles are in great need. |
C.Cars are banned from some central roads. |
D.More bikes are sold than during holidays. |
A.It's impossible to buy a bike. |
B.High demand for bikes began in March. |
C.Bike factories were closed in April. |
D.It takes many months to produce a bike. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Uncertain. |
C.Critical. | D.Positive. |
【推荐3】Counterfeit (假的) medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries. Like other counterfeits, they look like real products. But counterfeit drugs may contain too little or none of the active ingredients of the real thing.
People do not get the medicine they need. And in some cases, counterfeits cause death. Twenty children in Bangladesh died last year after being given acetaminophen (对乙酰氨基酚). The medications contained ingredients that looked, smelled and tasted like the real thing. The medicine was produced by a local drug company that used a dangerous substitute to save money.
The problem of counterfeit medicines is especially serious in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The WHO estimates that up to thirty percent of medicines on sale in many of those countries are counterfeit. The problem is less widespread among industrialized countries. The WHO says counterfeits make up less than one percent of the illegal drug market in countries like the United States, Canada, Japan and New Zealand.
But the agency also says as much as fifty percent of the medicine sold on the Internet is counterfeit.
Much is being done to fight counterfeit drugs. Several companies are developing ways to make counterfeits easier to identify. And there are existing methods, like a machine that can quickly identify chemicals in pills to confirm if the pills are real. Other ideas include things like special tracking codes for drug packages. People could send a text message with the code and get a message back, which proves that what they bought is listed in a database. Some drug makers and other companies put three-dimensional images called holograms (全息图) on their products as a security device.
1. Last year twenty children in Bangladesh died because of _________.A.unreal drugs |
B.online medicines |
C.acetaminophen |
D.unclean water |
A.it is very cheap and convenient to buy medicines online |
B.we had better not buy medicines online |
C.more and more people will buy products online |
D.medicine companies don’t pay much attention to counterfeit drugs |
A.It reveals (揭露) the reasons why counterfeit drugs are widespread. |
B.Special tracking codes for drug packages are used to identify counterfeits. |
C.It shows the danger of counterfeit drugs. |
D.Some measures are being taken to fight counterfeit drugs. |
A.Canada. | B.India. |
C.New Zealand. | D.Japan. |
【推荐1】Distance, just like currency, becomes incomprehensible when it reaches large quantities.
So, when outdoor enthusiast and Midwest Mountaineering employee Elizabeth John says she only hiked the nearly 500 miles of the Colorado Trail over a period of six weeks, don’t let her fool you. That’s like walking from St. Paul to St. Louis—give or take a few dozen miles—plus thousands upon thousands of feet of altitude.
“I’m a gardener, I’m a busy-hands person, but busy feet are just as good,” she explains. “I don’t meditate, but maybe that’s the way I think about it—walking as a way to relax.”
John took childhood hikes in the Boundary Waters and caught her case of busy feet while hiking in Alaska as a teenager. With a background in paddling, mountaineering, and backpacking, she found long-distance hiking rewarding, though exhausting.
Since then, thru-hiking—hiking a long-distance trail(考验,试验) end-to-end in one hiking season—has gotten friendlier to beginners. John has given up 60-pound packs in favor of a lighter modern backpacking equipment. For her 50th birthday, she decided to fly to Spain and walk close to 500 miles of the Camino de Santiago. The Colorado jaunt, her first solo long-distance hike, followed a few years later in 2017.
“Going on a big walk is unreasonable and includes being uncomfortable, wet, hungry, sore, tired, lonely...it’s challenging,” she says. “It’s a leap of faith. But I found the rewards surprising and unexpected, some even waiting for me at home after the trip. There is a rhythm to walking, a physicality and simplicity...a discovery.”
Logging some 4,000 feet of elevation daily, John met many “trail angels” who provided shade, snacks, and sometimes beer at remote points in the wilderness, purely out of the goodness of their hearts. “You’re so excited, because you’re someplace so incredible, and it wasn’t easy to get there,” she says. “There was this moment when you love humanity, and you’re so proud of people for doing it.”
1. What did Elizabeth John do as a child?A.She often worked in her garden. | B.She enjoyed swimming in the wild. |
C.She got interested in hiking. | D.She was too busy to use her feet. |
A.Hikers usually take light equipment. | B.The hike is done at great speed. |
C.The hike consists of one very long journey. | D.It is extremely friendly to beginners. |
A.was not experienced in hiking | B.was accompanied by others |
C.was in her 40s | D.carried a heavy pack |
A.Give hikers a lift down the mountain . | B.Guide hikers to some remote points. |
C.Share their hearts with passing hikers. | D.Prepare some gifts for hikers. |
It has been several weeks since we took our daughter to college and she seems to be adjusting well after a short period of homesickness. For us, though, it’s another story. Like most parents, I love checking in on my children at night. But now she’s gone, and I find night times the hardest. I miss her most at night.
In my neighborhood, most of the parents whose kids are off to college are dealing with similar melancholy. My husband is filled with anxiety. One friend talked about getting this sick feeling in her stomach as she prepared for the college drop-off. We complained that many of us were too busy to truly enjoy being with our children while we had them.
For us moms, seeing Toy Story 3 only made the sadness worse as we watched the character Andy, who is the same age as our kids, say goodbye to his childhood as he prepares to leave for college. And it’s not just “first-time” parents like me. Two moms who have kids already well into college said the separation didn’t get any easier. “You feel like something has been taken away from inside you” said one of them.
I imagine things will get easier with time, especially as I see my daughter adjust to college life. Meanwhile, as I keep my cell phone close to me in bed and text my daughter goodnight and sweet dreams every night, I like to think that messages serve as a night light that keeps her safe.
1. The writer was deeply impressed by the scene in Peter Pan because ________.
A.the scene showed a mother’s deep love for her children |
B.the scene was very exciting and interesting |
C.the scene taught her and her daughter a good lesson |
D.she watched the scene with her daughter |
A.realized she hadn’t done enough for her daughter |
B.often cried as she missed her daughter so much |
C.didn’t get used to the change for a long time |
D.failed to have a good sleep every night |
A.Happiness. | B.Anger. |
C.Excitement. | D.Sadness. |
A.To call her daughter any time. |
B.To wait for her daughter’s calls. |
C.To wait for her daughter’s messages. |
D.To say good night to her daughter. |
【推荐3】A terrible thing happened to me while I was watching TV recently: I realized that I had aged. Now of course I know that I am aging, it’s just that I hadn’t realized quite how old I was until I saw a participant who I recognized on a reality TV show. Well, I didn’t recognize her but I recognized her name, I’d slightly known her in my 20s when she’d been the celebrity who had stolen my roommates’ boyfriends.
However, here’s the thing that shocked me—I hadn’t recognized her because rather than the beauty I remembered, on my TV was a middle-aged mum cooking. And then it hit me: that’s what I look like too.
It’s a particularly cruel change of nature that we can’t see ourselves as others do. We see our own face so often that the wrinkles that start to cut through it just go unnoticed. Occasionally we might get a rude awakening when suddenly our bodies stop working as expected but, for the most part, we’re left to get on with growing old without too many reminders. But when you get a reminder...oof! Since that show aired, I have sat in front of the mirror analyzing my face and wondering how I came to look so like my mother without noticing. I’ve also realized that my waist no longer fits into baby fat but a middle-aged spread.
I also fear that I don’t know what middle age looks like for my generation. Did my mother still feel 24 when in reality she was 15 years older? And why do I not feel like I’m where I should be as I approach 40? I definitely remember writing a list of things I will have achieved by the time I’m 40 at 19. Where is the house in the South of France or the Porsche 911 she so desperately wanted?
Since then, I’ve started to redefine myself. I don’t want to put everything down to age but I can’t quite stop myself. Tired again? Must be my age. Thank God then for social media. All around me I see amazing women at the other end of their 40s. They’ve accepted their age and seem to love it, so I’m hopeful that as I move into the next decade that will be me too. And maybe I’ll get the Porsche before I’m 50.
1. What is implied in Paragraph 1?A.The author has been friends with the TV celebrity. |
B.The TV celebrity used to be popular among boys. |
C.The TV celebrity now lives a life of extreme luxury. |
D.The aging process doesn’t affect the TV celebrity. |
A.We clearly know what happens. | B.It is very likely to slip our mind. |
C.We can accept it quite peacefully. | D.It always brings about hopelessness. |
A.a lady denying being old | B.the ambitious self aged 19 |
C.a woman accepting her age | D.the celebrity on the TV show |
A.It matters not how long we live but how. |
B.Wrinkles are just evidence of great wisdom. |
C.Age is a very high price to pay for maturity. |
D.The best tunes are played on the oldest violins. |
【推荐1】The fact that your hair turns grey because of stress is nothing more than an old wives' tale. It's true that stress isn't good for you, but it's not going to turn you into a silver fox just yet. In fact, the answer comes from the cells in your hair. These are what decide the color and, eventually, the fade to grey.
Most of us start to notice our first grey hairs by the time we hit our thirties. A general rule to go by is that by the age of 50, half of the population will have lost the color in 50 percent of their hair.
But why does it happen? Firstly, we need to understand how hair gets its color.
Your hair is made up of cells called melanocytes (黑色素细胞) which produce pigments (色素) as they grow into the hair fiber. There are two different types of melanins: eumelanins and pheomelanins. The former produces black and brown pigments, while the latter produces red and yellow pigments. The exact amount of these pigments decide whether a person has black, brown, blonde or red hair.
As we age, the ability of the melanocytes to produce more pigments weakens. That's because our hair grows in different periods.
The growing period lasts between three and five years, after which our follicles (毛囊) turn off for about three months to rest and get ready to grow more hairs. This goes round and round and, after a time, our bodies aren't as good at producing new hairs.
Scientists are continuing to try and find ways to prevent greying hair. A team of scientists in France is working to try and stop the melanocytes from being damaged at the end of each hair cycle. They are trying to use a special enzyme (酶) to protect the cells from damage. If successful, it could lead the way for new products that keep our hair full of color for years to come.
1. What does the phrase ''an old wives' tale'' in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.A wrong belief | B.A useful talk |
C.A scientific rule | D.A helpful experience |
A.It doesn’t turn grey as people get older. |
B.It contains more pheomelanins than eumelanins. |
C.The amount of pigments in it doesn't change over time. |
D.People with red hair have weaker ability to produce pigments. |
A.To repair damaged hair follicles. |
B.To protect hair cells against damage. |
C.To shorten the hair cycle to protect the hair. |
D.To study the relationship between health and hair color. |
A.Grey Hair: a Symbol of Huge Pressure. |
B.Grey Hair: a Symbol of Declining Health. |
C.Cells: the Cause of New Hair Growth. |
D.Cells:the Cause of Color Change of Hair. |
【推荐2】Fred Rogers was a curious man, six feet tall and without pretense (虚伪). He liked to pray, to play the piano, to swim, and to write, and he somehow lived in a different world than I did. We became friends for some 20 years, and I made lifelong friends with his wife, Joanne. I remember thinking that it seemed as if Fred had access to another realm (领域) like the way pigeons have some special magnetic compass that helps them find home.
Fred died in 2003, somewhat quickly, of stomach cancer. He was 74. “Just don’t make Fred into a saint (圣人),” That has become Joanne’s refrain (叠句). 91 now, still full of energy, she lives alone in the same roomy apartment, in the university section of Pittsburgh, that she and Fred moved into after they raised their two boys. Throughout her 50-year marriage to Fred, she wasn’t the type to hang out on the set or attend production meetings. That was Fred’s thing. He had his career, and she had hers as a concert pianist. For decades she toured the country with her college classmate, Jeannine Morrison, as a piano duo; they didn’t retire the performance until 2008.
“If you make him out to be a saint, people might not know how hard he worked,” Joanne said. Disciplined, focused; a perfectionist — an artist. That was the Fred she and the cast and crew knew. “I think people think of Fred as a child-development expert,” David Newell, the actor who played Mr. “Speedy Delivery” McFeely, told me recently. “As a moral example maybe. But as an artist? I don’t think they think of that.” that was the Fred I came to know. Creating, the creative impulse (冲动), and the creative process were our common interests. He wrote or co-wrote all the scripts for the program — all 33 years of it. He wrote the melodies. He wrote the lyrics. He structured a week of programming around a single theme, many of them difficult topics, like war, divorce, or death.
I don’t know that he cared whether people saw him as an artist. He seemed more intent (急切的) that people not see him at all. The focus was always on you. Or children. Or the tiny things. It was hard to see Fred.
I like you just the way you are. One day he told me where that core message came from. His grandfather, Fred Brooks McFeely, who like the rest of the Rogers family lived in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, about 40 miles east of Pittsburgh. “He was a character,” he said. “Oh, a lot of me came from him.”
His grandfather represented a life of risk and adventure, the very things Fred’s boyhood lacked. He was a lonely kid, an only child until he was 11, when his sister came. He was bullied. Here comes Fat Freddie! He was sickly. He had asthma. He was not allowed to play outside by himself. He spent much of his childhood in his bedroom.
He had music, and he had puppets to keep himself amused. He didn’t need much. He was expected to fill his father’s shoes, become his business partner at the brick company. “My dad was pretty much Mr. Latrobe,” he told me. “He worked hard to accomplish all that he did, and I’ve always felt that that was way beyond me. And yet I’m so grateful that he didn’t push me to do the kinds of things that he did or to become a miniature (缩小的) version of him. It certainly would have been miniature.”
Fred wanted to be like his grandfather. “He taught me all kinds of really neat stuff!” he told me. “I remember one day my grandmother and my mother were telling me to get down, or not to climb, and my grandfather said: ‘Let the kid climb on the wall! He’s got to learn to do things for himself!’ I heard that. I will never forget that. What a support that was. He had a lot of stone walls on his place.” “I think it was when I was leaving one time to go home after our time together,” Fred told me, “that my grandfather said to me: ‘You know, you made this day a really special day. Just by being yourself. There’s only one person in the world like you. And I happen to like you just the way you are.”
1. What is the author’s impression of Fred?A.Fred had many lifelong friends. |
B.Fred lived in a strange world. |
C.Fred could always find way home. |
D.Fred was an amazing person. |
A.To show the great success the couple achieved. |
B.To underline the great pains Fred spared at work. |
C.To remind people of the contributions she made. |
D.To keep the weaknesses of Fred’s character hidden. |
A.David Newell. | B.The author. | C.Common people. | D.Joanne. |
A.Write scripts and music on his own. |
B.Act as the man behind the curtain. |
C.Focus more on difficult topics. |
D.Present himself as an artist. |
A.His poor health condition. | B.His father’s expectation. |
C.His unhappy childhood. | D.His grandfather’s attitude. |
A.The making of Fred Rogers. |
B.The importance of a good wife. |
C.The influence of a moral example. |
D.The achievements of Fred and his wife. |
【推荐3】Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.
Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience,researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch(音调).
One of the study's authors,Nina Kraus,said the findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes our sensory system”.This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs,Dr. Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems.
Mandarin(普通话)speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding(编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages,pitch plays a central role. A singlesyllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned.
For this study,the researchers looked at 20 nonChinese speaking volunteers,half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years.
As they were shown a movie,the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word “mi” in three of its meanings:squint,bewilder and rice. The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds. Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds.
The lead author of the study,Patrick C.M.Wong,said it might work both ways. It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments.
1. When learning Chinese,a foreigner will find ________.A.he has a difficult time learning music at the same time |
B.he has an easier time learning music at the same time |
C.it is hard to master the tones required to speak and understand |
D.it is easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch |
A.Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music. |
B.Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain. |
C.Because music training might help people with language study. |
D.Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music. |
A.created | B.spelled | C.seemed | D.pronounced |
A.Mandarin Speakers Are Smarter than English Speakers |
B.Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study |
C.Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese Learning |
D.Schools Need to Develop Music Programs |