You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It’s the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed by Mozart, they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search reveals (透露) plenty of products to help you in the task. Whatever your age there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.
The phrase “the Mozart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that sparked (引发) real media and public interest about the idea that listening to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound reasonable. Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.
The idea took off, with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the US, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. It was not just babies and children who were exposed to Mozart’s music on purpose, even an Italian farmer proudly explained that the cows were played Mozart three times a day to help them to produce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate on the effect on milk yield to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent? More research was carried out but an analysis of sixteen different studies proved that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?A.Mozart composed many musical pieces for children. |
B.Children listening to Mozart will be more intelligent. |
C.There is little scientific evidence to support Mozart effect. |
D.There are few products on the Internet about Mozart’s music. |
A.the idea was accepted by many people | B.people were strongly against the idea |
C.the US government helped support the idea | D.Mozart played an important part in people’s life |
A.people will become more clever if they listen to Mozart’s music again and again |
B.listening to Mozart’s music can bring us benefits constantly |
C.we can get some benefits from listening to Mozart’s music |
D.the author is positive about Mozart’s effect |
A.To Be or Not to Be? | B.What Music Is Beneficial? |
C.What Is the Mozart Effect? | D.Listening to Mozart, Necessary? |
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【推荐1】A new study, conducted by British company Mindlab International, has found that listening to music at work increases accuracy (精确) and speed, The Telegraph reported.
Perhaps, some parents disagree with this idea, saying, "Switch off the music and concentrate!" Well, if that's the case with your parents, you might now be able to convince them that you have science on your side.
The company gave 26 participants(参与者)a series of different tasks for five days in a row, including spell checking, mathematical word problems, data entry, and abstract reasoning. The participants completed these tasks while listening to music or no music at all.
The results showed that while music was playing, 88% of participants produced their most accurate test results and 81% completed their fastest work. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International, told The Telegraph, "Music is a very powerful management tool if you want to increase not only the efficiency of your workforce but also their emotional state... they are going to become more positive about the work."
However, you may have a list of your favorite songs, but not all kinds of music match all homework. For maths or other subjects involving numbers or attention to detail, you should listen to classical music, the study found. In the study, pop music enabled participants to complete their tasks 58% faster than when listening to no music at all. If you are reviewing your English writing, pop music is the best choice, as it is the best kind for spell checking. It cut mistakes by 14%, compared to listening to no music. After finishing your homework, do you often take time to check your answers? Maybe, some dance music is suitable for you.
1. What did the participants have to do in the study?A.Persuade their parents to listen to music. |
B.Do a series of work without rest or pause. |
C.Complete five tasks in five days without help. |
D.Finish tasks with music or without music at all. |
A.Results. | B.Tools. |
C.Participants. | D.Tests. |
A.Music Helps Us to Learn | B.We Can’t Live Without Music |
C.Not All Music Suits You | D.Listen to Different Music |
【推荐2】For musicians and their fans alike, it’s hard to beat the excitement of a live concert. For fans gathering with others and seeing their favorite musicians face to face is an excitement. For musicians, concerts allow them to connect with their listeners and increase their income.
So what happens when live concerts are no longer possible? In early 2020, governments prohibited large gatherings because of the coronavirus (冠状病毒). Tours and concerts were canceled leaving musicians and fans disappointed.
But musicians are creative, and technology can bring people together in ways that were impossible just 10 years ago. And so one performer after another began to offer online concerts.
These online concerts tended to be simple. Since people were required to stay at home, musicians filmed themselves playing in their houses. They livestreamed (3 Bn f) their songs, so it didn’t need to edit video or mix sound in a studio. Sometimes, artists would spend time talking between songs. Audiences loved these online events.
Virtual concerts help musicians connect with their fans during a difficult time. Besides, they are a great way to bring people together, Although some online concerts required payment, most were free. And this raises questions about whether they will continue once large gatherings are allowed again.
It was easy for artists to offer free music online when no one could leave their homes. But for the long term, the practice could stop them from selling recordings or tickets to live shows. Some fans will buy tickets for online concerts. But no one knows if they’ll be willing to pay as much as they would for a live concert.
On the other hand, free online concerts are a good way to attract new fans. And they can inspire fans to buy music. Free concerts may be a good business decision after all.
1. What causes the shift from live concert to online concerts?A.The change of fans’ taste. | B.The desire for connection. |
C.The coronavirus. | D.The call for creativity. |
A.The studio devices. | B.Latest technology. | C.Government’s support. | D.Artists’ teamwork |
A.They question its necessity. | B.They expect its popularity. |
C.They hate to pay for them. | D.They easily get attracted. |
A.Positive. | B.Unconcerned. | C.Negative. | D.Unclear. |
【推荐3】In the year 2017, the world lost many great musicians. Their deaths were felt over the world and country music star Keith Lionel Urban honored these musicians in a very special way. During a New Year’s Eve concert, Keith talked about all the greats that passed away and how some of them were music and life coaches or examples to him. That was when Keith decided to put together a mixture of songs from all of these artists.
At the concert, pictures of some of the most eminent people in the music industry appeared across the screen. As their pictures appeared, Keith sang the songs that the artists were best-known for. Each performance was truly moving, and the audience loved it. Instead of thinking it was a sad moment, everyone was able to think about how much joy these artists brought to the music industry.
Keith sang a few lines from songs by Chris Cornell, Gregg Allman, Chuck Berry, Don Williams, Glen Campbell and Troy Gentry. The audience cheered aloud whenever he changed from one song to another. It was amazing how smoothly he played through the different styles of music. It was a perfect interpretation of his gift.
When he got to the final song, he invited his wife to join him on stage to dance and close out the night. Then his two daughters joined their parents. It was really an unforgettable performance.
Music truly has the ability to touch a special place in our hearts and even if we do not know these artists personally, their songs have meant a lot to many of us. I am sure those artists would have been so proud to hear him sing their music. It is a way to honor those late artists and celebrate the joy they brought to our lives!
1. Keith got the idea of honoring the great musicians when he ________.A.saw their pictures at a concert | B.heard a song of a lost musician |
C.knew their stories from his coaches | D.talked about their influence on him |
A.Controversial. | B.Outstanding. |
C.Shallow. | D.Modest. |
A.It showed his musical talent, |
B.It did not show his real style. |
C.It made the audience feel sad about the musicians’ deaths. |
D.It set a good example to other artists and musicians. |
A.Keith’s Little Secret |
B.Keith’s Sad Moment |
C.Keith’s New Year s Wishes to Artists Worldwide |
D.Keith’s Way to Say Goodbye to Late Musicians |
【推荐1】I’m sure you know the song “Happy Birthday”. But do you know who wrote the song and for whom it was written?
The retired professor, Archibald A. Hill in Lucasville, USA could tell us the story. Ninety-seven years ago, two of Mr. Archibald Hill’s aunts, Miss Patty Hill and Miss Mildred Hill were asked to write some songs for a book called “Song Storied for the Sunday Morning”. Miss Patty Hill and Miss Mildred Hill were both kindergarten teachers then. They loved children very much and wrote many beautiful songs for the book. One of them was the famous “Good Morning to You.” The song said, “Good morning to you, good morning to you, dear children, good morning to all.” This song was very popular at that time among kindergarten children. But not many grown-ups knew it. A few years later little Archibald was born. As his aunt, Miss Patty Hill sang the song “Happy Birthday” to the melody(曲调) of “Good Morning to you” to her little nephew(侄子). She sang the song like this: Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday, dear Archie! Happy birthday to you!
Miss Patty Hill and her sister had never expected that this song would become so popular, but it really did. People all over the world like the song because of its simplicity in tune(曲调简单) and friendliness in words.
1. Archibald Hill was __________.A.English | B.Russian | C.American | D.Australian |
A.son | B.student | C.brother | D.nephew |
A.97 | B.about 90 | C.more than 90 | D.less than 90 |
A.Because they are musicians. |
B.Because they love children. |
C.Because they were asked to write for a book. |
D.Because their nephew asked them to do so. |
A.The song really became popular |
B.Their wish would really come true |
C.People all over the world like to listen to the song |
D.Yes, but the song didn’t become popular |
【推荐2】Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding.
The process of flow was discovered and coined by the Hungarian-American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion.
One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity.
Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节). When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general.
However, pushing yourself to find the flow state can backfire. In fact, trying too hard or wondering whether you are in this state in itself goes against flow. We lose the balance between tension and skill level if we concentrate too much on the task.
A.Even the uncertainties of life fall away. |
B.People may not realize it but anyone can find flow. |
C.Ask yourself if a certain task will fulfill a goal of yours. |
D.Flow can sometimes be viewed as a forerunner for peak performance. |
E.He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result. |
F.As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow. |
G.It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self. |
【推荐3】When you're making a split-second decision, waiting a fraction of a second to decide can make a world of difference.
Scientists at Columbia University and the University of Pittsburgh found that when making choices between a right and wrong answer, people’s accuracy in making the right decision increased dramatically when they gave themselves a small amount of time.
it's all about giving our attention enough time to sort out the relevant information from the distracters, says one of the study' s co- authors, incent Ferrera, an associate professor of neuroscience(神经科学) at Columbia University Medical Center. “The little extra time to sort out the irrelevant information makes the decision-making more efficient,” he says.
Ferrera and his colleagues found that when the participants had a little more time, even as few as 50 milliseconds to make their decision, their accuracy improved. The reason?
That doesn’t mean taking longer to decide necessarily leads to a better choice. With more time, there’s more chance for distracting and even misleading information to filter into the process, confusing the situation. Ferrera’s findings suggest that simply accumulating more and more information isn’t always helpful. “What we’re saying is that before you start gathering evidence, take a short moment to determine whether that evidence is really relevant to the decision you are making,” he says, “
A.Without the added time, their choices we no better than chance. |
B.Then you won’t have to wrestle later with that irrelevant information. |
C.In the study, 13 volunteers were asked to look at competing sets of dots scrolling across a computer screen. |
D.If you have ever struggled with a difficult decision, you have likely also been offered a heap of decision-making wisdom. |
E.That precious time is enough to allow our attention to focus on sorting out the distracters from the useful information related to the situation. |
F.Once people have all the necessary information to make a decision, too much conscious thinking may lead to unnecessary attention given to irrelevant factors. |
【推荐1】Coogle’s parent company is winding down a project that used high-lying balloons to provide Internet services to hard-to-reach areas of the world.
The project, known as Loon, started in 2011. It was managed by Alphabet Inc. It aimed to bring connectivity to areas of the world where ground-based cell towers (手机信号塔) were too expensive or too difficult to set up.
But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run, the project’ s leader, Alastair Westgarth, said in a blog post. “While we’ve found a number of willing partners along the way, we haven’t found a way to get the costs low enough to build a long-term, competitive business,” Westgarh said.
Loon’s shutdown isn’t surprising, economists said.
Loon’s technology sent gas-filled balloons the size of tennis courts into the air. They usually stay at heights of around 60,000 to 75,000 feet. There, onboard communications equipment sent Internet signals back down to earth. The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower. However, a carrier would need several balloons at once, each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.
Alphabet wasn’t alone in running projects aimed at offering Internet connection to hard-to-reach areas. Companies such as Amazon. com Inc. and Elon Musk’s SpaceX have been making efforts to provide Internet connection in such places, using satellites in near Earth orbit.
Over the last few years, Loon’s technology has proved successful in some suffering communities. In 2017, the project sent balloons into the skies above Puerto Rico after a terrible hurricane damaged the island’s communications facilities. Two years later, soon after a 7. 8 earthquake struck parts of Peru, Loon’s balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.
Rich Devaul, a founder of the project, said the need for mobile connectivity was rapidly rising recently. This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago, reducing the need for Loon, “The problem got solved faster than we thought,” he said in an interview.
1. Why is Alphabet shutting down Loon?A.Many local communities disliked the project. |
B.It was too costly to continue the project. |
C.The technology was no longer advanced. |
D.It was too difficult to sot up the systems, |
A.By describing difficulties in using it. |
B.By providing research results about it. |
C.By explaining is advantages and disadvantages. |
D.By showing its differences from traditional ones. |
A.It helped areas hit by natural disasters. |
B.It suited the need of developed countries, |
C.It was unable to work in terrible weather. |
D.It was less elective than traditional systen9. |
A.Communications problems became worse. |
B.Cell towers became more economical in a short time. |
C.Other companies would run similar projects |
D.The Internet connections were getting faster. |
【推荐2】Inspirational ideas have a habit of striking in the most unforeseen places. For example, dreams operate on the level of stories, making them primary sources of ideas and inspirations. The following are four great ideas created from dreams.
Elias Howe’s sewing machine
In 1895, Elias Howe was struggling with the needle (针) design. One night, he had a dream that some people on an unknown island caught him and were preparing to turn him into a meal. They were dancing around waving their spears (矛) in the air, and then he saw it. The spears had holes at the tip. It helped him solve his problem.
Einstein’s theory of relativity
In his dream , Albert Einstein was talking to a farmer who was telling him about the fenced (被围住的) cows. However, the farmer saw something different from him. When waking up, he realized that a similar event could be different from a different point of view. Through this, the theory of relativity slowly began to fall into place.
Beatles’hit song Yesterday
Yesterday by the famous band Beatles is one of the most covered songs in history . It all came to one of the band members, Paul McCartney, in a dream. One night in 1963 he suddenly woke up with a tune (曲调) in his head. He got up and started playing the notes until the song came into being.
The periodic table
While in his mid - thirties, Dmitri Mendeleev, a known Russian chemist, was struggling to place 56 known elements on a periodic table. Then one night in a dream, he saw a table where all aspects fell into place as called for. When he woke up, he wrote it down on a piece of paper.
1. What inspired Elias Howe to design the needle of sewing machines ?A.Spears with holes at the tip. | B.A big meal he had in his dream. |
C.A talk with the people trapping him. | D.The dancing moves of some strangers. |
A.The sewing machine. | B.The theory of relativity. |
C.The song Yesterday. | D.The periodic table. |
A.A dream can be a wish that your heart makes. |
B.Common people can also have great creations. |
C.Clever minds never stop thinking in their lives. |
D.Great ideas sometimes arise in an unexpected way. |
【推荐3】The starting point of herd immunity (群体免疫) for COVID-9 is still uncertain , but many epidemiologists (流行病学家) believe it will be reached when between 60 percent and 80 percent of the population has been infected and develops resistance. A lower level of immunity in the population can slow the spread of a disease somewhat, but the herd immunity number represents the point where infections are generally less likely to turn into large outbreaks.
Studies that use the tests to examine only a small quantity of population, often called serology (血清学) surveys, are being undertaken around America and the world. The purpose of these new studies is to look for antibodies (抗体) in people’s blood, proteins produced by the immune system that indicate a past infection.
An advantage of the tests is that they can pick out people who may have been infected and didn’t know they were sick. A disadvantage is that the tests are sometimes wrong---and several studies, including a notable one in California, have been criticized for not taking the possibility of inaccurate results into consideration or for not representing the whole population.
While these studies are far from perfect, many countries, including parts of Sweden, are on track to achieve so-called herd immunity from the novel coronavirus-caused COVID-19 disease within weeks. In general, they give a better sense of how far the coronavirus has truly spread and its potential for spreading further. The starting point of herd immunity may differ from place to place, depending on factors like density and social interaction.
1. What do we know about herd immunity number from the text?A.The higher level of it, the better. |
B.The lower level of it, the worse. |
C.It is a point indicating a small number of infections. |
D.It is a point indicating little chance of large outbreaks. |
A.People who are sick. |
B.People who are always healthy. |
C.People who were once infected. |
D.People who were killed by the disease. |
A.The contents of the studies. |
B.Two sides of the studies. |
C.The procedure of the studies. |
D.The results of the studies. |
A.He or she supports them. |
B.He or she doubts their authority. |
C.He or she thinks them perfect. |
D.He or she partially believes in them. |