Learning to drive is important to the independence of teenagers, but it is also a great responsibility. Although having a law that keeps 16-year-old drivers from having more than one teenager in the car with them at first seems unfair, there are convincing reasons for this requirement.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accident. It also reports that 16-and-17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times as likely to have one if they have three or more teenage friends in the car with them. Fatal (致命的) crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding, driver error, and number of passengers. This information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload of friends anywhere, even if the law permits it.
A study at the National Institutes of Health indicates that the part of the human brain that controls judgment and evaluates the consequences of our actions might not be fully formed until the age of 25. Until this study, researchers had placed the age at 18. If this is true, it could explain the reckless (鲁莽的) behavior of many teens, behavior that often extends into their twenties. It also could be a strong reason for being cautious about the driving circumstances of young people.
This is not the only study that indicates such caution is necessary. One study at Temple University in Philadelphia examines the results of peer pressure in risky driving situations. The study, which uses a driving game, has an individual guide a car through a course, both alone and in the presence of friends. Three different age groups participated in the study: 13-16, 18-22, and 24 and older. Members of the oldest group showed caution whether driving alone or with friends present, but the two younger groups took more chances when they were with their friends. Furthermore, because these drivers were accustomed to the noise and distraction of many passengers, they were unable to see their own mistakes. Once again, this is a good indication that a law restricting the number of teenagers in the car with a young driver is a good idea.
1. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2?| A．Many deaths have occurred because of inexperience and overconfidence. |
| B．It’s reasonable to severely limit the passenger number of teen drivers. |
| C．New teen drivers have to ask permission before driving with friends. |
| D．There are many causes behind the teens’ driving accidents. |
| A．different age groups have different peer pressure |
| B．teenagers often give wrong judgments above passengers’ noise |
| C．underdeveloped brain makes teens ignore their mistakes |
| D．driving circumstances are bound up with the risk of accidents |
| A．protect teens on the highway | B．raise teens’ sense of responsibility |
| C．reduce the number of fatal crashes | D．force teens to drive with caution |
| A．Some teenagers have risky behavior while driving. |
| B．Certain laws treat teenagers and adults differently. |
| C．We still need more studies on teen driving. |
| D．Driving is important to a teenager’s sense of independence. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The sudden death of the 23-year-old female emplovee of Pinduoduo has sparked a heated debate, with many criticizing the overwork culture. Three experis share their views. Excerpis (节选) follow:
Labor laws compatible (兼容的) with digital era needed
This case should inspire society to reflect on how to better protect employees’ rights in the digital era. The relevant clauses in the Labor Law cannot be specifically applied to charge internet companies suspected of violating laborers' rights and interests.
The blurring (模糊) of the line between social and economic activities in the digital era makes it difficult to define fixed working hours.
Lawmakers should find out the new factors affecting labor relations due to the rapid development of internet and communications technology. This can pave the way for law-making on working hours in the digital era. “996” working schedule is against labor laws.
More than one year ago, it was shocking to hear e-commerce tycoons (巨头) Liu Qiangdong and Jack Ma publicly support the "996" working schedule to push their employees to work harder. A growing number of companies have been using different methods to exercise ever-increasing control over their employees.
To correct the situation, it is vital that the country bring in specific law on internet enterprises, especially in terms of labor contracts and work schedules, and make it clear that the “996” working schedule is illegal.
Death due to overwork needs legally definition
Work pressure and long working hours can seriously affect workers' physical and mental health, making. them more easily hurt by occupational and stress-related diseases.
But it is difficult to prove that a person dies of overwork. Only a person who dies at the workplace or of a sudden illness within 48 hours of getting off work is considered a victim of work.
China should issue guidelines explaining in detail what leads to death due to overwork.
1. What do the three experts agree on?| A．The Labor Law in China is non-effective. |
| B．It is difficult to define fixed working hours. |
| C．Supervision on companies should be tightened. |
| D．Improvement should be made to the current laws. |
| A．To highlight the models of e-commerce. |
| B．To introduce tycoons' attitudes to overwork. |
| C．To confirm their efforts to protect employees. |
| D．To express disagreement on “996” working schedule. |
| A．To make somebody anxious. | B．To do sports or other physical activities. |
| C．To use your power to achieve something. | D．To test or make experimental use of something. |
| A．Someone dies on his way to office. | B．Someone dies of a heart attack in his office. |
| C．Someone dies three days after work. | D．Someone dies after work without symptoms. |
【推荐2】CAFE Maker Space Policy
Service and Location
The Maker Space is located in the lower level of the Powers Memorial Library towards the north side of the building. The purpose of the area is to provide open access to information and various new technologies to enhance professional, personal and educational goals for all ages. It is a place to gain hands-on experience, knowledge and skills and to make stuff!
Opening Hours
Currently the Maker Space is open every Wednesday afternoon from 4:00—7:00 p. m. These hours may vary during the summertime.
Equipment Available
·A Flash forge Creater Pro Dual Extrusion 3 D Printer
·Two ASUS Laptops
·Inventables Tool Kit
·LECO Mindstorms
·Wood Finishing Kit
·Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Conditions of Use
·Everyone with a valid CAFE library card is welcome to use and visit the Maker Space at no charge. To use the Maker Space, all must read and sign the Maker Space policy, stating that they will obey the rules and regulations of this policy.
·All equipment in the Maker Space are on a first come, first served basis; however, reservation may be made of specific equipment in advance. Use is limited for two hours per day per person, unless advanced approval is arranged with the Library Director. Reservations can be made in person at the library or by calling the Main Circulation Desk(262) 495-4605.
Equipment Safety Use
·In order to use specific equipment/technology or to participate in any project using this equipment, the user must complete the Equipment Use and Safety Certification Class.
·Any use of materials without certification can result in suspension or permanent ban from the Maker Space.
Fees for Equipment
3 D Printer: The current cost for use of the 3 D printer is $0.5 per 30 minutes run time.
1. Who is the Maker Space open to?| A．Staff of CAFE high school. |
| B．People over the age of 20. |
| C．Citizens with the library card. |
| D．College students in the city. |
| A．Service and Location. | B．Equipment Available. |
| C．Conditions of Use. | D．Equipment Safety Use. |
| A．$2. | B．$1.5. |
| C．$1. | D．$0.5. |
【推荐3】Kentucky Fried Chicken has filed a lawsuit（提起诉讼） against three companies in China， because their social media accounts spread false information about its food， including that its chickens have eight legs． The case comes as the Beijing government holds an activity to clean up rumours （谣言）on social media（媒体）． Internet marketers have been accused （指控） of trying to control online opinions of their customers by posting false information about their competitors．
In an announcement posted on its Chinese website， KFC said one of the best-known false rumours was that chickens used by the company have six wings and eight legs． It is requesting 1.5 million yuan and an official apology from each of three companies． It is also asking for an immediate stop to their activities to hurt it by spreading rumours．
The fried chicken chain is China's biggest restaurant operator and is a kind of fast food for young people in China． It has more than 4， 600 restaurants in the country， and on average， opens a new branch every day． KFC'S China chief executive officer（行政长官）， Qu Cuirong， said that it is difficult for companies to protect their brands（品牌） against rumours because it is hard for them to collect evidence． She added， "The efforts by the government in recent years to purify（净化） the online environment have offered us much more confidence．"
The companies are Shanxi Weilukuang Technology Company， Taiyuan Zero Point Technology Company and Yingchenanzhi Success and Culture Communication in Shenzhen， south-east China． Calls to numbers listed for the companies either rang unanswered or were not available． In fact， authorities（官方） began an activity two years ago to clean up what they called online rumours． Comments in state media have argued that a clean-up is needed．
1. The reason why KFC filed a lawsuit against three Chinese companies is that ______ ．| A．they started an activity to control KFC |
| B．they spread untrue information about KFC |
| C．they have been acting against the law |
| D．they are acting as customers to spread information |
| A．KFC uses chickens that have six wings and eight legs |
| B．Only one rumor about KFC'S chickens has been spread |
| C．KFC is asking for a large sum of money and an apology |
| D．The three companies have accepted KFC'S request |
| A．the three companies are in the same province |
| B．no one in the three companies answered the phone |
| C．everyone thought that cleaning up the online rumours was necessary |
| D．nobody has called the three companies |
| A．On a fashion website | B．In a food magazine． |
| C．On an official poster | D．In a newspaper． |
【推荐1】China has been drinking tea since the time of Shennong, 5,000 years ago. Britain’s relationship with tea is much shorter, but tea enjoys pride of place as the UK’s national drink. According to the UK Tea Council, British people drink an average of three cups a day or a national total of 165 million cups every day.
With figures like these, it is no surprise that time spent taking tea affects the working day in Britain. A recent survey found that 24 minutes a day are lost to making, buying and drinking tea and coffee. That is, £400 a year is lost in working hours per employee, or 190 days over a lifetime. So, should employers be worried about this lost working time, or does the tea break make up in other ways?
One argument is that caffeine improves mental state: a drink of tea or coffee can make you active and focus on work.
Professor Rogers of the University of Bristol disagrees. After years of studying caffeine he sees nothing can prove that. “Workers would perform equally well if not drinking it at all,” he says. “But if they’re often drinking it and then go without, they’ll feel tired and won’t work well.”
Psychologist Cooper instead emphasizes the role tea breaks play in office life, and in building social relationships. “We need to make people more active and see other people. The tea break is one way of doing this,” says Cooper.
And Professor Rogers also points out the comfort effect of a hot drink: “We warm our hands on them on a cold day; they’re comforting and play a big role in our everyday life. Whatever the caffeine’s doing, I’d say these 24 minutes aren’t wasted.”
1. What is the passage mainly about?| A．Tea Breaks cannot make people more active at work. |
| B．British people drink more tea than people in other countries. |
| C．Tea break plays an important role in people’s life in Britain. |
| D．A lot of time has been wasted drinking tea in the working day. |
| A．£400 is lost in working hours for each person |
| B．tea breaks take up 24 minutes in a working day |
| C．people spends 190 days drinking tea and coffee each year |
| D．people drink 165 million cups in working hours every day |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. |
| C．Uncertain. | D．Doubtful. |
The head teacher Brian Walker at the West Park School in Derby asks some students to stay behind after school on Fridays. He forces his students to listen to Mozart and other classical music. He also makes them copy his favorite poems and they have to watch educational videos.
Mr. Walker says his main aim is to stop noisy pupils causing trouble in class for students who want to study. He said the students staying behind were “not the smokers or drinkers, the truants (逃学生) or the people who are late for school…It’s those who have slowed the learning and teaching in class for everyone”. Mr. Walker said this was unacceptable, because it was making the rest of the students fail to focus their attention on their study.
Mr. Walker believes what he does reminds students that education is something to value. “It helps them see they are part of something bigger that will improve their life chances,” he said. The head teacher thinks students in fact learn from being kept behind after school. “Hopefully, I open their ears to an experience they don’t normally have and don’t want to have again, so it’s both educational and acts as a warning.”
Music has had success elsewhere in reducing bad behavior. In 2004, it reduced crime on London’s subway by 25 percent. Researchers from a Belfast university found it helped stop elephants’ bad behavior.
However, one West Park student called Kieran said, “An hour of Mr. Walker’s music is a real killer.”
1. Mr. Walker asks his students to listen to music to _______________.
| A．make them rest after a day’s study |
| B．punish them for their bad behavior |
| C．get them to love arts gradually |
| D．reduce their bad behavior |
| A．plays truant |
| B．smokes in class |
| C．bothers others in class |
| D．comes late for class |
| A．Because the rest of the students hate them. |
| B．Because they are wasting their life. |
| C．Because they are disturbing teachers. |
| D．Because they have a bad influence on the other students. |
| A．some students don’t realize education is valuable |
| B．all students can learn from music |
| C．music must be taught after class |
| D．students ought to love music |
| A．the action Mr. Walker takes sometimes doesn’t really work as planned |
| B．Mr. Walker aims to tell students study is important |
| C．once music helped animals behave well |
| D．animals also like to listen to music |
【推荐3】Pressing the power button to turn off your computer can save time—but can it also damage your machine? Raise your hand if losing your computer would be a serious hindrance to your career, or if, at the very least, you’d lose a whole lot of important information. Yeah, us too. And yet we tend not to treat our computers with the care about this advantage; many of us are probably guilty of these things you’re doing that shorten your laptop’s life.
One of the directives you’ll commonly hear when it comes to computer upkeep (保养) is that you should shut down your computer properly by clicking the “Shut Down” button onscreen, rather than pressing and holding the “Power” button, so that it shuts down immediately. But when you click “Shut Down,” every program needs to close, and that can be time-consuming. How bad, really, is shutting your computer down with the power button?
“Shutting down a system properly is known as a ‘graceful shutdown’, which sends a signal to the respective operating system so that it can save its state before turning the hardware off,” a tech expert Damien Mason says. However, Mason adds that this forced shutdown can even be beneficial, in certain situations. “Hard shutdowns can be a saving grace when a system crashes or as a safety way to prevent hackers,” he says. But you still shouldn’t make a habit of doing it. Mason says that graceful shutdowns are still a preferred method, which avoids interrupting tasks conducted by the operating system and allows programs to properly save.
You should press the “Power” button carefully, but it’s not a death knell for your machine. There are plenty of other things you may be doing that are most likely worse. For instance, not shutting down your computer at all—or even only doing it rarely—can be far more damaging to it than a forced shutdown.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．Computers do not need protection. |
| B．Computers have only one advantage. |
| C．Computers can be used for a long time. |
| D．Computers play an important role in work. |
| A．No need to shut down. |
| B．Press and hold the “Power”. |
| C．Pull out the power line wires. |
| D．Click the “Shut Down” onscreen. |
| A．The situations of no pressing and holding the “Power”. |
| B．The problem about choosing the “Shut Down” onscreen. |
| C．The advantages of clicking the “Shut Down” onscreen. |
| D．The advice on developing a habit of pressing the “Power”. |
| A．Bad behaviors may damage the computer. |
| B．Computer upkeep is actually very difficult. |
| C．Forced shutdown will destroy the computer. |
| D．Think carefully before turning off the computer. |
