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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:86 题号:21359572

Young children are always watching-including when people swap spit through actions like food sharing. Such behavior helps babies infer who is in close relationships with one another, a study suggests.

Typically, people are more likely to engage in activities that can lead to an exchange of saliva (唾液), such as kissing or sharing an ice cream, with family members or close friends than with an acquaintance. So saliva sharing can be a marker of “thick relationships, “ or people with strong attachments, says MIT developmental psychologist Ashley Thomas.

To see if young children might use saliva sharing as a social cue for close bonds, Thomas and colleagues ran experiments of people engaging with puppets(木偶). When shown a puppet seemingly crying, kids of 8 months old were more likely to look at an adult who had previously shared saliva with the puppet than an adult who hadn’t, the team reports.

Scientists, of course, can’t know exactly babies’ thought. But tracking where they look offers hints. The team used where the kids looked first when a puppet showed distress as an indicator of their understanding of the relationship.

In some experiments, the team showed 8- to 10-month-olds or 16- to 18-month-olds videos of a woman sharing an orange slice with a puppet. A second video depicted another woman and the puppet playing with a ball. During a final video, which showed the puppet crying while seated between the two women, the kids’ eyes were more often drawn to the woman who had shared the orange.

The team saw similar results in another experiment. One woman stuck her finger in her mouth and then in one puppet’s mouth to share saliva. For the other, she touched only her forehead and then the puppet’s forehead. After the woman showed distress, kids spent more time looking at the puppet that had seemingly swapped saliva.

It’s unclear how the findings relate to children’s daily lives. Future studies could switch out actresses for family members to better understand the role saliva may play in distinguishing relationships. Other cues, such as hugging, may also play a role, Thomas says.

1. What is the main finding of the study?
A.Saliva-sharing behavior is a cultural phenomenon.
B.Saliva-sharing is an indicator of trust between individuals.
C.Saliva-sharing can help children distinguish close relationship.
D.Children can understand relationships through saliva-sharing behavior.
2. What does Ashley Thomas think of saliva sharing?
A.It is a natural behavior for young children.
B.It can be an indicator of strong attachments between people.
C.It is a cultural behavior young children learn from their parents.
D.It is a result of the development of young children’s social skills.
3. Which method do the scientists apply when conducting the experiments?
A.Comparison.B.Reference.C.Inference.D.Description.
4. What may be discussed in the following paragraph?
A.The limitations of the current study.
B.The importance of saliva in social relationships.
C.The role of other cues in distinguishing relationships.
D.Saliva sharing can affect children’s social development.
【知识点】 社会关系 说明文

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