【推荐3】You must have heard about animal migration (迁徙),such as Wildebeests dash across Africa; Monarch butterflies fly across the Americas... But did you know that forests migrate, too?

In his new book The Journeys of Trees, science writer Zach St. George explores an extremely slow migration, as forests creep inch by inch to more pleasant places.

“The migration of a forest is just many trees sprouting (发芽) in the same direction,” St. George writes. “Through the fossils that ancient forests left behind, scientists can track their movement over thousands of years. They move back and forth across continents, sometimes following the same route more than once, like migrating birds or whales.” This has happened over thousands of years, and climate change tends to be the driving force.

Of course, today, climate change is speeding up, and trees can’ t keep pace. Take California for example: It’s getting hotter and drier and scientists estimate that before too long, Sequoia National Park may not be able to keep giant sequoias (巨杉).

“The scientists there had never seen anything like it” St. George says. “They worried, and I think at some point we will lose these ancient trees and that we will have to think about what we do with the places, and whether we should plant new groves where they are easy to grow.”

This is known as “assisted migration” —humans planting trees in other places where they’ re more likely to flourish. But this process carries risks—people can accidentally introduce insects and diseases to new places, where they may wipe out entire native populations. So, St. George writes, there’ s a debate among conservationists and foresters today: Should humans help the trees escape?

“There may be cases where people are probably going to step in and help species move to places where they’ll be more suitable in the future,”St. George says.“So far, there are no huge movements of citizen groups moving trees north. But that is kind of one vision of the future that the people I interview hope to see.”

1. What can be learned about the forest migration?

A．It is very difficult to track the migration.

B．It takes several decades to complete it.

C．It is mainly the result of climate change.

D．It often follows certain migrating species.

2. Why does the author mention Sequoia National Park?

A．To prove the assisted migration carries risks.

B．To stress the park is able to keep giant sequoias.

C．To state scientists are hopeful about the environment.

D．To show trees fail to adapt to climate change.

3. What does the underlined word “flourish” in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Grow well.	B．Become valuable.
C．Develop rapidly.	D．Escape diseases.

4. What’s St. George’ s attitude towards helping the trees escape?

A．Supportive.	B．Objective.
C．Skeptical.	D．Disapproving.

【推荐1】To have a second child or not, this is a question.

A concern about only one child is whether one child necessarily means a lonely child. Many parents of only one child feel guilty of their decision to have only one child. There are no other children in the family for the child to associate with, which may lead to the child feeling lonely at times.

Another common argument against having just one child may be more spoiled than one with sisters or brothers. Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child unable to get along well with people of his or her own age.

Despite these arguments, the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing in the world. For some single-child parents, the pressures of devoting time and energy to raising a second child can result in them selecting to have no more children. For other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the major consideration. Another important consideration is the increasing age at which women give birth to children.

Advocates of single-child families argue that there are advantages for the child as well as the parents. With just one child, the parents can give, and the child can receive, more quality time and attention,

However, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both the wife and the husband feel confident.

1. What are the advantages of children with brothers or sisters?

A．Less loneliness and better social abilities.	B．Less pressure and better energy.
C．More respect and greater family wealth.	D．Higher intelligence and more attention.

2. What prevent some parents from having a second child according to the passage?

A．Work pressure.	B．The disagreement between parents and children.
C．Limited time, energy and money.	D．The health and wealth of the first child.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．The birth of a second child makes many parents guilty.

B．The number of single-child parents is decreasing.

C．Family circumstances have little effect on parents’ decision.

D．Nowadays women delay giving birth to children.

4. How is the passage developed?

A．By providing examples.	B．By listing suggestions.
C．By offering descriptions.	D．By analyzing reasons.

【推荐3】Washing habits have changed over the years. In the 16th century, most people had a bath once a month...if they were lucky. Up until the 1950s, it was once a week. Only just recently has the concept of daily showering become popular.But now, according to the New York Times, things are changing again.

The latest trend is known as “soap­dodging”. It basically consists of washing less, having fewer showers and using less soap.“I just wash my hair once a month now, ” said Brett Dawson, a 32­year­old management consultant.“I have just one bath a week,” said Miriam Bayliss, a 28­year­old accountant.

And it appears to be growing in popularity.A poll last year for tissue manufacturer SCA found that 41% of British men and 33% of women don’t shower every day.And 12% of people have a proper wash just once or twice a week.Further research by Mintel found that more than half of British teenagers don’t wash every day—with many opting for a quick spray of deodorant(除臭剂) to mask any smell.But why?

There are a variety of reasons.Some claim that daily hair­washing is unnecessary.Commentator Matthew admitted that he hadn’t shampooed his hair for a decade.Others say they just don’t have the time. In 2008, the chemist Boots reported a 45% rise in sales of dry shampoo—a product that can be sprayed on hair between showers.

And some people want to help the environment.“I limit my showers to about twice a week, ” said Nigel Hamerstone, a 42­year­old architect.“The rest of the time I have a sink wash.” he adds, “I believe that I’m as clean as everyone else, and it’s helped get my water consumption down to around 20 litres a day—well below the 100 to 150 average in the UK.”

So, will you be joining the new “washing revolution”？

1. Before the 1950s, how often did people have a bath?

A．Never.

B．Every day.

C．Frequently.

D．Once in a while.

2. What does “It” refer to in Paragraph 2?

A．Soap­dodging.	B．Taking a shower.
C．Washing hair.	D．The washing habit.

3. Why does Nigel Hamerstone limit his showers to twice a week?

A．To save his time.	B．To avoid the trouble.
C．To save water resources.	D．To cut the cost of living.

【推荐2】Osaka, Japan—Defending champions China lifted the FIVB Women’s Volleyball World Cup trophy（奖杯）with perfect 11 straight wins after easing past Argentina 3-0 here on Sunday. With their eleventh win at the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women’s World Cup, China won the FIVB Women’s Volleyball World Cup.

This year, the World Cup has been played across different cities, and Team China had training sessions even on traveling days when some participating teams chose to rest up after a tiring flight.“Coach Lang focuses on details of the technique in the training sessions, and I feel our team has become more balanced.” Captain Zhu Ting said. This firm approach explains how China managed to turn the table against the United States at the World Cup. Never quit, especially in adversity. That’s what the spirit of Chinese women’s volleyball means.

When the team struggled, Zhu was always there, doing whatever was needed to carry the team forward. That’s why she has become a national volleyball icon, just like “Iron Hammer” Lang. As for Lang, she took over the flag from her former coach Yuan Weimin, who was behind China’s rise in the beginning. From coach Yuan to coach Lang, and spiker（主攻手） Lang to spiker Zhu, the flag bearers may have changed over time, but the craving for championships and the steely desire and determination remain the same.

Volleyball is a team sport and behind the on-court team, there is always a supportive coaching team and staff. Lai was one of the members, shouldering responsibilities as both vice director of China’s Volleyball Management Center and as assistant coach. Apart from coordinating between coaches and players, Chinese coaches and foreign coaches and sometimes within Chinese coaches, she also has to do chores. During Rio 2016, assistant coach Yuan Lingxi headed for the arena（竞技场）at 6am every day to film the matches and would return to the Olympic Village at 2am when he would start analyzing China’s opponents and file reports. There are many Lais and Yuans that are not known by the public, but who remain indispensable for the team to overcome difficulties and reach their peak.

1. What does the spirit of Chinese women’s volleyball mean according to paragraph 2?

A．Being a special team.	B．Sticking to the end.
C．Winning every game.	D．Training hard every day.

2. Why does Zhu Ting become a national volleyball icon?

A．She wins many awards in the World Cup.

B．She keeps strong desire and determination.

C．She takes lots of training after the tiring flight.

D．She does almost everything to help the team forward.

3. What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph?

A．Hard work is vital in volleyball matches.

B．The coach has a great influence on players.

C．The staff behind the on-court team is also essential.

D．Understanding opponents is necessary to win the game.

【推荐3】In late September, Kimberly Williams-Guillen, a professor at the University of Washington Bothell, received a report that a handful of howler monkeys had been found dead in Nicaragua. Strangely, the monkeys showed no signs of disease. Over the next couple of months, the reports really started to flood in. When it became clear that this was not just an isolated(独的)incident, Williams-Guillen boarded a plane to Nicaragua to see for herself.

Williams-Guillen speculates that the deaths may be linked to the drought that has struck Nicaragua this year. “The deaths are concentrated in the areas worst hit by drought and the trees are just bare—there’s hardly a leaf to be eaten,” she says.

Kenneth Glander of Duke University agrees that limited food availability is likely a contributing factor. Rather, the lack of food may drive the monkeys to consume plants with high levels of certain toxins(毒素)that aren’t part of their normal diet.

Another possible cause for the howler monkey die-offs is disease. Although Nicaragua is currently believed to be free of yellow fever, Glander points out that outbreaks of the viral disease ruined howler monkey populations in the late 1940s and into the 1950s. Some researchers even think that yellow fever may be a cause of the relatively low genetic American howler monkeys.

Wiliams Guillen thinks that disease is an unlikely cause of the recent monkey deaths, however. While she and her colleagues are still waiting to export blood and tissue samples to U.S. labs for further analysis, she notes that a Nicaraguan researcher has experimented on some of the samples. And, so far, none have tested positive for yellow fever, Zika, chi-kungunya, or dengue viruses.

For now, however, the cause of the recent howler monkey deaths remains a mystery. Williams-Guillen suspects that no one’s hypothesis(假说)will be correct. “There’re probably many factors,” she says. “Animals that might have had some clinical or secondary infections that normally aren’t that problematic... got into a situation where they were extremely food-and water-stressed, and that might have been enough to cause them to die.”

1. According to Paragraph 1, an early consideration regarding the howler monkey deaths was whether they ______.

A．were simply random occurrences

B．affected howler monkeys of all ages

C．were related to the environment in Nicaragua

D．could be prevented through food distribution

2. What does the underlined word “speculates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Denies.	B．Guesses.
C．Bothers.	D．Declares.

3. What does Paragraph 5 mainly aim to do?

A．Define Williams-Guillen’s method.

B．Stress Williams-Guillen’s assumptions.

C．Provide Williams-Guillen’s perspective.

D．Demonstrate Williams-Guillen’s expertise.

4. What can we infer from the text about the death of howler monkeys?

A．William-Guillen used lab tests to show its influence.

B．It really resulted from limited food availability.

C．No final conclusion has been reached about it.

D．Drought has played a key role in it.