A “fierce queen” named “128 Grazer” has been crowned the fattest bear of all of Katmai National Park in Alaska. Grazer, a mama bear to two litters of cubs(幼兽), has been a fixture(固定成员) of the park since 2005.
This is Grazer’s first time winning the contest, an achievement made easier by the fact that she has released her cubs and was able to focus on self-care. When females are caring for cubs, they are often nursing them, helping them hunt for salmon(三文鱼) and providing them protection — all of which detracts from the females’ ability to eat as much as possible, said Felicia Jimenez, a ranger at Katmai National Park.
The brown bears living along Alaska’s Brooks River have spent the summer fattening up on salmon, berries and grasses in preparation for their annual winter hibernation(冬眠). The bears enter hibernation around November and eventually experience a one-third loss of their body weight through the winter season, according to park officials.
The fixed competition has been making the fattest brown bears at Katmai National Park compete against each other since 2014. When the contest first began, it consisted of just a single day in which a few of the park’s most enormous bears competed with each other. By the next year, the contest had transformed into a “globally recognized” event that required more days and more competitors.
The popularity of Fat Bear Week allows park officials to direct attention to conservation efforts in the region, especially for the salmon run on the Brooks River, which the bears rely on for food. The health of the brown bears signifies the overall health of the local ecosystem, according to the park. “Without the ecosystem protected, there would be no Fat Bear Week,” Jimenez said.
1. What contributed most to Grazer’s winning the contest?A.Hunting for enough salmon. | B.Giving birth to her cubs. |
C.Concentrating on caring for herself. | D.Being a fixture in the park. |
A.Removes. | B.Weakens. | C.Strengthens. | D.Changes. |
A.The process of bears’ hibernation. | B.The reason for bears’ fattening up. |
C.The time of bears’ hibernation. | D.The way of bears’ fattening up. |
A.To choose the fattest bear globally. | B.To shoot the movie regarding bears. |
C.To draw attention to environment care. | D.To highlight the efforts to protect ecosystem . |
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【推荐1】A bird called hermit warbler breeds(繁殖)along the U.S.West Coast. They all kind of look the same and they have a cute little yellow head and a gray body. Typically, birds sing the same one song within one region because the song attracts mates. And different regions can have slightly different dialects of the song. But recently biologists noticed that there are some places that are exceptions to this rule-in some places, there is more than one song in the same place. “So we were curious why that would be the case.” Brett Furnas, a bio-statistician at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife said.
To investigate, Furnas and his team recorded lots of hermit warbler’s songs. In 10 years, they went to 100 different locations throughout the state and all the different potential habitats of the species. The researchers analyzed all the hermit warbler songs they collected and discovered that the hermit warbler doesn’t just break the usual one-song-per-region rule-they positively demolish it, for the researchers found, actually, an amazing 35 different dialects across the state.
But why would the bird repeatedly “alter its song” when any changes could affect its ability to attract a mate? Basically, hermit warblers are very sensitive to fire in the short term, so they will abandon an area temporarily, even if it’s just a low-severity fire that doesn’t destroy the whole stand. And then other hermit warblers singing different dialects move into this area. And then they end up, maybe a few years later, with two or more different dialects in the same place.
Furnas says that such musical diversity might actually work in the hermit warblers’ favor. “They may have greater resiliency(恢复力)to things like climate change. So understanding that helps us to make better conservation decisions to protect biodiversity. But it’s also what makes the outdoors interesting and a beautiful place to be, because even though you might not know it’s a hermit warbler, your experience outdoors is enriched by that diversity.”
1. What is the purpose of Furnas’ research on hermit warbler?A.To figure out how the bird breeds. |
B.To study the one-song-per-region rule. |
C.To find why its songs differ within one region. |
D.To investigate different habitats of the bird. |
A.To show the rule is wrong. |
B.To prove the rule to be true. |
C.To explain what the rule means. |
D.To make the rule difficult to understand. |
A.Because of the food shortage. |
B.Because of the less-severe wildfire. |
C.Because of the need to attract a mate. |
D.Because of the competition for habitats. |
A.The effect climate change has on birds. |
B.The importance of biodiversity protection. |
C.The ways to enrich your outdoor experience. |
D.The significance of the musical diversity of hermit warbler. |
【推荐2】Do you know anyone born in the Year of the Tiger? What’s their personality like? Are they brave, strong and sympathetic? If so, then they are a typical “tiger”. In Chinese culture, tigers symbolize power, energy, protection, generosity and unpredictability.
Tigers have an important cultural significance not just in China, but across Asia. In the book Life of Pi, Canadian writer Yann Martel chose a Bengal tiger as the partner for Indian boy Pi on his survival adventure in the Pacific Ocean.
In the West, lions are considered as the king of all beasts. Brave warriors were given the name “the lion”. But tigers are also seen as a very powerful animal.
Just like tigers serve as a symbol of protection in Chinese culture, I do hope my favorite animal will live freely in the eco-friendly environment.
A.Tigers mostly live in Asia |
B.They are fearless creatures |
C.If you want someone to calm down |
D.One of my favorite animals is tiger |
E.While you are afraid of this fierce animal |
F.Another example is French fashion brand KENZO |
G.I also expect to protect their habitats from further destruction |
【推荐3】No longer in the pink
The world is going to have to start thinking thoroughly to save its coral reefs. Corals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia's Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, thanks to human activity, corals face the most complex mixture of conditions they have yet had to deal with.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a rise in global temperatures of 1.5°C relative to pre-industrial times could cause coral reefs to decline by 70-90%. When waters become unusually warm, corals throw out the algae, leaving reefs a ghostly white. This ''bleaching'' is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s.
Corals need protection from local sources of harm. Their ecosystems suffer from coastal currents, whether dirty water or waste from farms. Plastic and other rubbish block sunlight and spread aggressive bacteria. Governments need to carry out tighter rules on these industries, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into strengthening rules against overfishing.
Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration. Coral's biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific near Indonesia, for example, can survive higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific near Hawaii.
Stronger measures to fight against the larger threats corals face should also attract more research. Shading reefs using a polymer film as a sunscreen to cool them is under discussion for parts of the Great Barrier Reef. Other schemes to help corals involve genetic engineering, selective breeding and brightening the clouds in the sky above an area of the reef by spraying salt into the lowest ones, so that they turn away more of the sun's energy. These measures may sound extreme, but people need to get used to thinking big. Dealing with the problems caused by climate change will call for some far-reaching ideas.
1. Thorough thinking is needed to save the coral reefs because __________.A.corals have come back in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia |
B.corals are frozen and melted five times over 30,000 years |
C.corals are strong enough to survive human activity |
D.human activity are threatening the condition of coral reefs |
A.warming | B.throwing out |
C.whitening | D.dying |
A.coastal water flows | B.more sunlight |
C.waste from farms | D.bad bacteria |
A.encourage people to come up with more ideas |
B.introduce some advanced technological progress |
C.raise people's awareness of protecting the environment |
D.warn people of the threats and risks corals are facing |
【推荐1】Sri Nihal Tammana, age 13, of Edison, New Jersey, was named a winner of the 2022 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. The Barron Prize annually honors 25 outstanding young leaders who have made a significant positive impact on people, their communities, and the environment.
Nihal founded Recycle My Battery to promote and facilitate the recycling of used batteries. His nonprofit places free battery recycling bins(箱子)and educates young people and adults about battery recycling. In just three years he has built a team of more than 250 student volunteers across the globe who have recycled nearly 200,000 batteries and educated millions of people. Nihal learned at age 10 that 15 billion batteries are thrown away each year and that most end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)where they pollute groundwater, harm the ecosystem, and can cause catastrophic fires. Inspired to tackle the problem, he began collecting used batteries from his community. He put them in free recycling bins at stores like Staples until he was told he was bringing too many and had to stop.
Undeterred, he reached out for help from Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling nonprofit in North America. Call2Recycle agreed to assist and provided recycling bins for free, which were placed in schools, libraries, and other public places. Nihal’s organization now operates across the U.S. and is expanding to other countries including Canada, Switzerland, and India. “Earth gives us so much — oxygen, food, water — everything! So it’s important that we give something back when we can,” says Nihal.
The Barron Prize was founded in 2001 by author T. A. Barron. “Nothing is more inspiring than stories about heroic people who have truly made a difference to the world,” says T. A. Barron. “And we need our heroes today more than ever. Not celebrities, but heroes — people whose character can inspire us all. That is the purpose of the Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others.”
1. What does Recycle My Battery intend to do?A.Protect the earth from used batteries. | B.Promote used batteries across the globe. |
C.Make money by collecting used batteries. | D.Stop people throwing used batteries away. |
A.Undiscouraged. | B.Unprepared. | C.Unsurprised. | D.Uninterested. |
A.By making it go global. | B.By offering free recycling bins. |
C.By providing financial support. | D.By buying more used batteries. |
A.The importance of recycling batteries. |
B.The impact of batteries on the environment. |
C.The achievements of the Barron Prize winners. |
D.The inspiring story of a young environmentalist. |
【推荐2】One argument for why robots will never fully measure up to people is because they lack human-like social skills. But researchers are experimenting with new methods to give robots social skills to better interact with humans. Two new studies provide evidence of progress in this kind of research.
One experiment was carried out by researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT. The team developed a machine learning system for self-driving vehicles that is designed to learn the social characteristics of other drivers. The researchers studied driving situations to learn how other drivers on the road were likely to behave. Since not all human drivers act the same way, the data was meant to teach the driverless car to avoid dangerous situations.
The researchers say the technology uses tools borrowed from the field of social psychology. In this experiment, scientists created a system that attempted to decide whether a person's driving style is more selfish or selfless. In road tests, self-driving vehicles equipped with the system improved their ability to predict what other drivers would do by up to 25 percent.
In one test, the self-driving car was observed making a left-hand turn. The study found the system could cause the vehicle to wait before making the turn if it predicted the oncoming drivers acted selfishly and might be unsafe. But when oncoming vehicles were judged to be selfless, the self-driving car could make the turn without delay because it saw less risk of unsafe behavior.
The researchers say they believe the technology could also be used in vehicles with human drivers. It could act as a warning system against other drivers judged to be behaving aggressively. The research suggests that humanoid robots have the ability to affect people socially just as humans do. Fang said this ability could become more important in the future when machines and humans are expected to interact regularly.
1. What was the machine learning system designed to do?A.Increase driving pleasure. | B.Test with social psychology. |
C.Judge the driver's driving style. | D.Remind drivers to drive selflessly. |
A.Selfish. | B.Honest. | C.Clever. | D.Selfless. |
A.Providing GPS services. | B.Helping drivers drive more safely. |
C.Reminding drivers to concentrate. | D.Drawing attention of oncoming drivers. |
A.Research Aims to Give Robots Human-Like Social Skills |
B.Moving Vehicles Will Be Watched Over By Robots |
C.Driving Cars Will Become Much Safer on the Road |
D.Self-driving Vehicles Will Take the Place of Manned Vehicles |
【推荐3】Cities have been described as essential to climate change solutions, but they can also raise the kinds of ecologists that will bring us into a more comprehensive biological future.
As a black wildlife biologist from Philadelphia, I stood out among my coworkers. My presence in ecology has challenged assumptions about not only what a biologist looks like, but also where a biologist comes from. In the U.S., ecology was and is mainly white and conducted in rural landscapes, but I had no history of camping, fishing, hunting or hiking. I had yet to recognize that Philadelphia, with its four seasons and richness of squirrels (松鼠), row homes and festivals, was actually my first ecological classroom. There I witnessed wild cats eating birds and rats, people shooting bats from their homes and snakes being killed by lawn mowers (割草机). This is as much ecology in action as anything we witness in fields and forests.
Urban wild animals exhibit many features and behaviors that set them apart from their rural twins: they may be bigger, eat more diverse food sources, are active at different times of the day, move differently and have different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even “smarter”. Besides, urban wildlife balances more risks—such as road chemical poisons and diseases from domestic animals—with rewards. Some of those rewards come from humans providing food and some from the distribution of our parks and water bodies.
In our professional lives as biologists, living with such wild animals can make us more tolerant of species diversity, which can benefit the natural world. Nature is no longer only primitive wilderness but includes sounds of human laughter and garbage trucks. We expect more biologists from urban settings because urban environments naturally train keen observers who are the future of ecology.
1. Which makes the author stand out among his coworkers?A.His nationality. | B.His city background. |
C.His interest in outdoor activities. | D.His love for animals. |
A.Urban wild animals. | B.Rural animals. |
C.Domestic animals. | D.Wildlife biologists. |
A.They have trouble in getting food. | B.They enjoy safer living conditions. |
C.They do better in fighting diseases. | D.They are more adaptable to environment. |
A.Urban Wild Animals Survive. | B.Benefits of City Conservation. |
C.Cities Build Better Biologists. | D.A Black Biologist from Philadelphia. |